guard now consists, of twenty-four battalions of guards, as lieutenants, corporals, and even privates. seven hundred men each; they will be fully A journal edited by ladies, having nominated equipped before the end of this month. England Madame George Sands, the novelist, as a candimay again thank Providence for her insularity. date for the national assembly; she declines in a If she had been accessible from France, the Chart- formal epistle to the people. The National proists would have commanded a hundred thousand nounces the whole body of the French judiciary to French coadjutors. The estimate of foreign work- be removable at the pleasure of the provisional men driven from France by the French operatives government-the life-tenure having disappeared is fifteen thousand; I would say nearly double. with the monarchical charter. Monsieur or citizen The government, lamenting the barbarous expul- Crémieux, minister of justice and public worship, sion, has issued an address, which places "under (an Israelite,) has already acted on this principle the safeguard of the French workmen the foreign in several of the higher courts; in some of the workmen whom France employs" and confides provinces the commissaries have done the same. "the honor of the hospitable republic to the generosity of the people." In days of yore, the British government would have demanded instant satisfaction for such treatment of British subjects: tempora mutantur. So would the continental countries that are repelling the irruptions of the free corps organized here.

A report, in the Moniteur, of the minister of public instruction, apprizes us that "the College of France, with its eleven new chairs, four or five of which are to be possessed and illustrated by members of the government, is to become the focus whence will radiate over the whole world the ideas which are about to spring from the French mind, touching the government of republics." A new class is established in the institute, called of Arts and Trades, and connected with the Academy of Moral Sciences.

Except the Pope, the Czar of Russia, and the Dane, perhaps, the wishes and aims of every monarch in Europe are limited to personal safety and the mere retention of the crown. Northern Germany still clings or adheres to monarchical insti- Non-intervention and fraternity are professed tutions; southern, if not republican, is demo- over Europe; nevertheless there is a universal cratically imbued. All over Europe, the capital, vague apprehension of a general war, that may property, real industry, the lucrative professions, prove as fierce, rancorous, and obstinate as the old entertain a prejudice against the republican theory. conflicts of the nations. The French military You will remark the czar's proclamation of neu- board of defence advises armies of observation on trality, temperately worded. He is strenuously the side of Savoy, and on the whole southern and preparing to defend his lion's share of Poland. south-western frontier. Paris must be the chief The sublime porte has been cruelly frightened fortress-la place de guerre capitale. The general by the convulsions in Christendom, not divining staff (état major) consists of 8 marshals, 150 genwhat new schemes of partition may follow the erals of division, and 1200 brigadiers; too many destruction of the whole patch-work of the con- of them old. Algeria furnishes the youngest and gresses and of the old pretended equilibrium. best commanders. When General Chargarnier M. de Bourqueney, a skilful diplomatist and pol- arrived at Algiers, with his credentials as governorished gentleman, formerly at Washington, has general in his pocket, Cavaignac told him that he been recalled from Constantinople, where he acted|(C.) had refused the post of minister of war, and seven years. His friends aver that he will return would retain his position; Chargarnier was fain as poor as he went-a case not quite so bad as to return to Paris. We are informed this day, that of most of our American envoys. The Na- that he will be sent as envoy to Berlin. The tional, of the 9th inst., contains an editorial mani- corps d'état major is of 560 officers, from the grade festo (No. 1) against King Leopold of Belgium of lieutenant to that of colonel-able body, equal it declares a Belgium republic inevitable. Social to any service. It was organized by Marshal inequalities and clerical sway are to be exploded. Gouvion St. Cyr. The infantry, styled the effective, Belgium is too densely peopled and cankered with has 8770 officers and 200,000 subalterns, soldiers, pauperism, to be soon brought into true order drummers, &c. But France could scarcely put and security of any kind. Prussia Royal or the at once on foot 100,000 infantry. The cavalry province of Prussia, enters into the Germanic con- (effective) has 2750 officers-55,000 men ; but it federation; the Duchy of Posen refuses as Polish. is not to be estimated at more than thirty thousand A congress of the constitutional states of Italy is for immediate service; it is not well-mounted. to assemble at Rome for the formation of an Italian There are ten thousand gens d'armes well-mounted league. After the final ejection of the Austrians, excellent troopers. The artillery consists of there will arise considerable difficulty in settling 30,000, including officers; it cannot, however, institutions and determining territorial divisions. count upon a train of more than 100 bouches a-feu; But the peninsula will be mistress of her affairs, it is complete in every respect. The corps de abounds with enlightened patriots, and has a com- génie is of 8700, officers included, admirably common object of veneration in a liberal, wise, intrepid, posed and trained. The total regular force now supreme pontiff-a sort of Washington in state and available in France, is 153,000 men and 45,000 church. In the middle and south of France, par-horses. A vast volunteer-strength is invited and ticularly, bishops and curates are candidates for can be compassed. I give you these details bethe national assembly, and serve in the national cause, truly, all the European atmosphere is ful

quarter, thus: "Their object was a donation of three hundred francs to the republic. A band of girls, robed in white, with garlands on their heads, and tri-colored scarfs, carried an elegant corbeille containing the money. The youngest held the long strings. One of them, Annette Maina, the daughter of a combatant of July, read a patriotic piece of verse; then the young Louisa Maillin delivered an address." This address is highflown in sentiment and diction. The answer of the deputy-mayor is romantic and complimentary-"Youth is charming," &c.

of martial sounds. The French are arming uni- reports a deputation, the day before, to the Hotel versally-partly to keep each other in peace or at de Ville, from the washer-women of a particular bay, or in awe, and partly to settle Europe. You may have occasion for a proclamation of neutrality by the American government, and a strict abstinence from any coöperation with the Trojans or Grecians abroad. It is well to rejoice in the demolition of bad governments, but wise and fair to pause for the sequel. There may be a prolonged, organized anarchy-a republicanism as distinct from the felicitous American, as arbitrary and devastating rule is from genuine, regulated democracy. Institutions, political and social, for the exclusive benefit of the working classes in the confined and popular sense of the denomination, would be a return finally to barbarism-the reverse of American republican civilization.

Paris, 13th April, 1848.

A desultory epistle, copious enough, was thrown into the post-office yesterday for your readers. You must accept, for this day, a random collection of paragraphs from my note-book and the journals of the capital. Let us begin with some of the scenes in the streets and at the Hotel de Ville.

The

The Paris central committee of elections has published in the National a full list of the candidates for the constituent assembly whom it prefers and offers for the suffrages of the army and navy. All France is included. Several of the journals complain that this amounts to a choice or formation of the whole assembly by the committee. provincial candidates are reported by the government commissaries and the clubs. The Siècle of this day (organ of the old dynastic Left) expresses satisfaction with many of the names as of men of former good service and general merit,. adding, sarcastically, that it was impossible for the committee to find nine hundred candidates that would pass any muster out of their own party, the avowed republicans before the 24th of February-Republicains de la Veille. The Union (former legitimist oracle) affirms that no list, of the same extent, ever imagined, had so many unknown patriots, or "illustrious obscure." The commissaries have set up in the departments a number of democratic journals to support their agency. Some of them have been suppressed by mobs. There is in the interior a general democratic condition and prone

Last week more than two hundred corporations or trades met in an open place, either to appoint delegates for the examination of questions of common interest, or to organize themselves fraternally. When a division of the Polish refugees set out on their northern expedition, they were stopped at the door of a great edifice near the Palais Royal by a . favorite actress of the Historical Theatre, who tendered to them a purse, as containing all her money, and divested herself of her ear-rings, bracelets, rings, which she added as an offering to the cause of liberty. Vive la République!-Vive la Citoyenne! shouted the Poles, as they pursued their march. A month ness; no theoretic or intelligent republicanism. ago, in a morning ride, I remarked several hundred Most of the precautions and arbitrary measures women, generally of decent appearance, in close adopted to counteract obnoxious influences on the pressure in a narrow street, near a mayor's office, people, argue a sense of their present unfitness for waiting for alms. In the Paris National of the universal and truly free suffrage. No nation is 11th inst., there is the following editorial paragraph: more plastic or of quicker apprehension than the "We claim the attention of the mayor of the French: we must trust to instruction and practice. capital to the distribution of charity to females in It is impossible that the old influences of property, the different districts. This proceeding occasions birth, character, function, family, every kind of perin each a great concourse of them. These assem-sonal authority, habit, should be at once dissipated. blages are far from being as quiet and manageable One material thing remains to be taught and underas those of an equal number of men would be. stood-submission on the part of the minority in There might result a little more order and regu- elections. Our Paris clubs enact that they will larity if some sub-division could be managed that not brook an equivocal constituent assembly. The should lessen the crowds. We may conjecture, Courrier Français of this morning proclaims that, likewise, that the charity does not accrue exclu- in the metropolis, "the revolution is armed, persively to those who are in extreme need." We manent, suspicious, distrustful, and will scrutinize have daily processions of the sex to the Hotel de the representatives from the interior." Bugbears Ville, summoning the government to supply them are deemed expedient, and therefore the same jourwith work or stipend equally with the men. These nal has repeatedly denounced Orleanist conspiracies, poor creatures, like the operatives of the factories, with the Prince de Joinville, the least committed carry, at the same time that they petition for em- of the dynasty, as pretender. The day before ployment, small patriotic gifts. The spacious yesterday the Courrier commenced-" We have edifices called the Stables of the King, in the fau- deplorable tidings from the provinces; the commisbourg du Roulé, are appropriated as a national saries of the republic have been driven from several." atelier for females. The Moniteur of the 10th inst. True; but even the National admits that with the

rebels the question was one of persons, and not of investigation. College rebellions are quite common principles. The commissaries unceremoniously in the interior. cashiered mayors, municipal councils, magistrates, old and popular acquaintance, and functionaries of the people. An unknown man jumps up from the malle-porte, minister plenipotentiary in the utmost latitude, and instantly begins the execution of his errand-substitution to suit the views of the Paris central committee.

Our

Within the two days past, French stocks have risen a little and remain firm, owing to the failure of the Chartist demonstration and the relinquishment of the government notion of monopolizing the rail-roads, canals and banks. Yet the roads are to be bought by the treasury, and that soon. All the directors of the several companies are summoned to receive this evening, at the hotel of the minister of finance, the definitive proposition. Gold is less dear than it was last week, by reason of an influx from London. Our "most advanced" republican sheets do not concede that the Chartists have been defeated. The National says:-" A deep, thorough reform, social and political, must take place in England; the red coats can only defer it." Utter revolution may be averted, Irish insurrection repressed, but the British government must now seriously address itself to the task of popular reforms, social ameliorations and fiscal retrenchment. It will not escape your notice that Mr. Lushington gave notice, on the 10th, in the house of commons, that he meant to ask the noble lord at the head of the government whether he could hold out any distinct hope that he would, during the present session, introduce any measure for the extension of the suffrage, the abridgment of the duration of parliament, the formation of electoral districts, and the vote by ballot.

The provisional government has decided on the 20th inst. for a grand review of all the national guards in the Champ de Mars. New colors are to be distributed; battalions of regular troops to appear and fraternize. "We must," says the National of this morning, "show the nature of our whole strength, when France may soon be called by the voice of the nations to succor the democratic cause against the plots of the kings of Europe." You may be struck with the language of the London Observer of the 9th inst. :-" War must come, unless some very unexpected change should take place in Europe; the only question that remains is the direction the war will take." We desire the prompt expulsion of Austria from Italy in order that France shall not have obligation or pretext to fight. Austria (the reformed and liberalized) can scarcely persevere in the contest; a project of compromise with her former Italian provinces is mentioned. latest intelligence is that her troops were in strong positions on the Adige, awaiting reinforcements The committee charged with the revision of the from Vienna; that the army led against them by Swiss federal compact has terminated its labor, and the King of Sardinia exceeded fifty thousand-with reported a scheme, national and federal, akin to the one hundred pieces of artillery-and received daily American. Each canton is to send as many depuaccessions of militia and volunteers. The Austri- ties to the national chamber as it counts of twenty ans had burnt most of the bridges and subjected the thousand souls; each voter is to share in the nomifortified cities of which they retained possession to nation of all the deputies; another chamber (senate) the most rigorous sway and exactions. We learn will consist of forty-four deputies from the twentyby yesterday's mail that Hungary will grant to the two cantons, and act freely, without instructions, Austrian government no recruits against Lombardy; under a presiding officer chosen by itself from its that Bohemia insists on the freest institutions; that bosom. The two branches are to meet annually; the representatives of Prussia in the Germanic diet a federal university is to be established on the widest are to be chosen by the people, one for every fifty basis. But the directorial or executive power is thousand, and not by the Prussian diet, as at first to be vested in a council of five, appointed for three arranged; that the committee of fifty left at Frank-years, by the two chambers. Unity, such as ours, fort enjoys and exercises more authority than ever would be preferable. The civic condition of the public body did before over Germany; that Empe- French clergy is to be regulated by the constituent ror Nicholas pledges protection to the French resi- assembly. dents in St. Petersburg; that the people of Naples have compelled Ferdinand to admit a new ministry, (of progress,) to swallow a freer constitution, and to send troops without delay to Lombardy. Anarchical disturbances have agitated Manheim and Carlsruhe. This day's record of similar riots in France is sad, though they may expedite general quiet by stimulating the provisional government and the real majority-the substantial citizens-to a due exertion of power. Havre, Rheims, and the neighborhood of Rouen, again have just witnessed ANY historical work from Alison's pen will of bloody affrays. Several of the enclosed newspaper volume will become in his hands clothed with pecucourse command attention. The subject of this paragraphs exhibit more distant cities under the liar interest, and we anticipate high gratification same visitation. Yesterday the pupils of the col- from the perusal; for we cannot doubt that he has lege Louis le Grand mutinied and cast the profes- done ample justice to his theme. The volume is sors out of the windows. A government commis- of convenient size, and accompanied by half a dozen sary has restored some quiet and instituted a judicial neatly executed battle plans.

Let our United States remain scrupulously neutral in this chaotic vicissitude of Europe, protect well their commerce abroad, and doubly prize and cherish their peerless institutions.

NEW BOOKS.

LIFE OF THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. By Archibald Alison, F. R. S. New York: Harper & Brothers.

SCRAPS. Punch, 299, 300- Voice of the Grass, 330.

PROSPECTUS. This work is conducted in the spirit of | Littell's Museum of Foreign Literature, (which was favorably received by the public for twenty years,) but as it is twice as large, and appears so often, we not only give spirit and freshness to it by many things which were excluded by a month's delay, but while thus extending our scope and gathering a greater and more attractive variety, are able so to increase the solid and substantial part of our literary, historical, and political harvest, as fully to satisfy the wants of the American reader.

The elaborate and stately Essays of the Edinburgh, Quarterly, and other Reviews; and Blackwood's noble criticisms on Poetry, his keen political Commentaries, highly wrought Tales, and vivid descriptions of rural and mountain Scenery; and the contributions to Literature, History, and Common Life, by the sagacious Spectator, the sparkling Examiner, the judicious Athenæum, the busy and industrious Literary Gazette, the sensible and comprehensive Britannia, the sober and respectable ChrisMan Observer; these are intermixed with the Military and Naval reminiscences of the United Service, and with the best articles of the Dublin University, New Monthly, Fraser's, Tail's, Ainsworth's, Hood's, and Sporting Magazines, and of Chambers' admirable Journal. We do not consider it beneath our dignity to borrow wit and wisdom from Punch; and, when we think it good enough, make use of the thunder of The Times. We shall increase our variety by importations from the continent of Europe, and from the new growth of the British colonies.

The steamship has brought Europe, Asia, and Africa, into our neighborhood; and will greatly multiply our connections, as Merchants, Travellers, and Politicians, with all parts of the world; so that much more than ever it

Complete sets, in fifteen volumes, to the end of 1847, hanaseinely bound, and packed in neat boxes, are for sale at thirty dollars.

Any volume may be had separately at two dollars, bound, or a dollar and a half in numbers.

Any number may be had for 12 cents; and it may be worth while for subscribers or purchasers to complete any broken volumes they may have, and thus greatly enhance their value.

now becomes every intelligent American to be informed of the condition and changes of foreign countries. And this not only because of their nearer connection with our selves, but because the nations seem to be hastening, through a rapid process of change, to some new state of things, which the merely political prophet cannot compute or foresee.

Geographical Discoveries, the progress of Colonization, (which is extending over the whole world,) and Voyages and Travels, will be favorite matter for our selections; and, in general, we shail systematically and very ully acquaint our readers with the great department of Foreign affairs, without entirely neglecting our own.

While we aspire to make the Living Age desirable t all who wish to keep themselves informed of the rapia progress of the movement-to Statesmen, Divines, Lawvers, and Physicians-to men of business and men of leisure-it is still a stronger object to make it attractive and useful to their Wives and Children. We believe tha we can thus do some good in our day and generation; and hope to make the wor: indispensable in every well-informed family. We say indispensable, because in this day of cheap literature it is not possible to guard against the influx of what is bad in taste and vicious in morals, in any other way than by furnishing a sufficient supply of a healthy character. The mental and moral appetite must be gratified.

We hope that, by "winnowing the wheat from the chaff," by providing abundantly for the imagination, and by a large collection of Biography, Voyages and Travels, History, and more solid matter, we may produce a work which shall be popular, while at the same time it wil aspire to raise the standard of public taste.

Postage. When sent with the cover on, the Living Age consists of three sheets, and is rated as a pamphlet, at 44 cents. But when sent without the cover, it comes within the definition of a newspaper given in the law and cannot legally be charged with more than newspaper postage, (1 cts.) We add the definition alluded to:

A newspaper is "any printed publication, issued in numbers, consisting of not more than two sheets, and published at short, stated intervals of not more than one month, conveying intelligence of passing events."

Monthly parts.-For such as prefer it in that form, the Living Age is put up in monthly parts, containing four or five weekly numbers. In this shape it shows to great advantage in comparison with other works, containing in Binding. We hind the work in a uniform, strong, and each part double the matter of any of the quarterlies. good style; and where customers bring their numbers in But we recommend the weekly numbers, as fresher and good order, can generally give them bound volumes in ex-fuller of life. Postage on the monthly parts is about 14 change without any delay. The price of the binding is cents. The volumes are published quarterly, each volume 50 cents a volume. As they are always bound to one containing as much matter as a quarterly review gives in pattern, there will be no difficulty in matching the future eighteen months. volumes.

WASHINGTON, 27 DEC., 1845.

Or all the Periodical Journals devoted to literature and science which abound in Europe and in this country, this has appeared to me to be the most useful. It contains indeed the exposition only of the current literature of the English language, but this by its immense extent and comprehension includes a portraiture of the human mind 10 the utmost expansion of the present age, J. Q. ADAMS.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 210.-20 MAY, 1848.

From the Quarterly Review.

Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second, from his Accession to the Death of Queen Caroline. By JOHN LORD HERVEY. Edited, from the Original Manuscript at Ickworth, by the Right Hon. J. W. Croker. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1848.

MS. had consulted some experienced literary adviser before he made irremediable mutilations, some of them possibly of no ordinary importance. Mr. Croker tells us he has altered nothing of the text confided to him except words or phrases not compatible with modern notions of decorum-a liberty which every recent editor of old letters or journals IT has been known, ever since Walpole pub- has (or ought to have) exemplified. No man can lished his Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors be justified in publishing for the first time gross in 1757, that John Lord Hervey, the Sporus of indecencies; and expressions that have this charPope, had left memoirs of the court of George II.; acter to every modern eye abounded in the familiar and it was stated by Bowles, in his edition of Pope, intercourse, oral or epistolary, of the purest men 1806, that Lord Hervey's dying injunction must and even women a hundred years ago—as well as prevent their appearance during the lifetime of in the most classical literature of their age. But George III. That injunction, however, was not Mr. Croker felt that this is a very nice and difficult Lord Hervey's, but contained in the will of his son part of an editor's task. To omit such things Augustus, third Earl of Bristol, whose nephew, wholly and leave no indication of them-is really the first marquis, now at last, twenty-eight years to destroy historical evidence both as to individual after the death of George III., authorizes the pub- character and national manners. His rule has lication. Mr. Croker's fitness for the editorial task been "to suppress, but not to conceal.' We are had no doubt been suggested by his edition of to take it for granted, then, that wherever we see Lady Hervey's Letters, 1821. That lady (the editorial asterisks or brackets there was heinous famous Mary Lepell) survived her lord for many offensiveness-for the text, as we have it, is still years, and several of her friends, among others" written with great freedom" in every sense of probably Lord Hailes and Horace Walpole, had been allowed by her to peruse parts of the memoirs; but Lord Hailes, who in 1778 justly described them as "written with great freedom," hinted that whenever they appeared the origin of the antipathy between George II. and his eldest son would be "revealed to posterity"-and that promise is not redeemed in the text now given to the world.

that word. We doubt not Mr. Croker's discretion; but there is no small risk, especially in these days of blue-stocking activity, that the scruples of delicacy may be indulged to the serious damage of historical testimony-and we venture to suggest that among all our book-clubs there might well be one to perpetuate unmutilated copies of private memoirs and correspondence. The plan of limited impressions, kept exclusively for a small circle, might in this case be serviceable to purposes of real value.

The explanation of this seems to be, that the marquis, upon the expiring of the testamentary injunction, examined the MS. with a view to pubThese memoirs extend over the first ten years lication, and not only conceived that a still longer of George the Second's reign, (1727-1737,) during suppression would be expedient, but that some of its seven of which the author was domesticated in the contents ought never to be revealed at all. His palace. Of his personal history before they comlordship accordingly cut out and burnt various pas- mence, and after their conclusion, we have even sages; and as he was careful to mark the place and now rather slender information; but Mr. Croker has extent of each laceration, the editor concludes from probably given us all that the world will ever have. the context that they all bore reference to the feuds He has certainly added a good deal to what we in the royal family. It is probable that we have formerly possessed, and, we think, enough to prethus lost a clue to what certainly is a very per- pare us very tolerably for the appreciation of Herplexing mystery; for it is evident that the alien- vey's posthumous narrative, as well as to render ation between Prince Frederick and not only his intelligible not a few hitherto dark allusions in the father, but his mother, was strong and decided prose and the verse of his friend Lady Mary Wortwhile he was yet in his early youth-years before ley, and their common enemy, Pope. he ever saw England; and historical inquirers will John Hervey, the second son of the first Lord now be more than ever puzzled, since Hervey's Bristol, was born in 1696. His father, the repMemoirs show that the parental animosity did go resentative of an ancient and wealthy family, was so far as to contemplate, if possible, his actual dis-one of the leading whig commoners at the revoluinheritance an extravagance alleged by Fred- tion, created a peer by Queen Anne in 1703 erick himself, or at his suggestion, in the scandalous through the influence of Marlborough, and remock fairy-tale of Prince Titi, but not heretofore warded for his Hanoverian zeal by the earldom on confirmed by any better authority. the accession of George I.: a man of powerful

It is to be wished that the noble owner of the talents, elegant accomplishments, and unspotted