Time Study and Job Analysis as Applied to Standardization of Methods and Operations |
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able actual allowed amount analyst applying assistant average basis better bonus cards cent changes CHAPTER Chart cloth complete consideration considered correct cost course curve definite delays detail determine developed earnings effect element employees equipment example experience fact factory fatigue feet Figure foreman give given hand handled important improvements inches increase individual industry instructions instructor involved job standardization keep labor laying length less machine manufacturing material means mechanical method minutes necessary observer obtained operation organization particular perform period piece plant possible practice preliminary production reading record represents roll saving sheet shown side skilled speed starting step student symbol taken time-study tion unit variables wages watch workman
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Page 375 - They heartily cooperate with the men so as to insure all of the work being done in accordance with the principles of the science which has been developed. Fourth. There is an almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between the management and the workmen. The management take over all work for which they are better fitted than the workmen, while in the past almost all of the work and the greater part of the responsibility were thrown upon the men.
Page 375 - Second. They scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could. Third. They heartily cooperate with the men so as to insure all of the work being done in accordance with the principles of the science which has been developed.
Page 375 - ... the managers assume new burdens, new duties, and responsibilities never dreamed of in the past. The managers assume, for instance, the burden of gathering together all of the traditional knowledge which in the past has been possessed by the workmen and then of classifying, tabulating, and reducing this knowledge to rules, laws, and formulae which are immensely helpful to the workmen in doing their daily work/ In addition to developing a science in this way, the management take on three other...
Page 375 - The first great advantage which scientific management has over the management of initiative and incentive is that under scientific management the initiative of the workmen — that is, their hard work, their good will, their ingenuity — is obtained practically with absolute regularity, while under even the best of the older type of management this initiative is only obtained spasmodically and somewhat irregularly. This obtaining, however, of the initiative of the workmen is the lesser of the two...
Page 375 - First. They develop a science for each element of a man's work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method. Second. They scientifically select and then train, teach and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could.
Page 313 - ... set, involve what has been termed scientific management. The term is appropriate for it expresses briefly the idea of applying science to management. While it is true that management can be relatively scientific, nevertheless the following definition shows that the adjective is not wholly misapplied. The term "scientific management" is used to characterize that form of organization or procedure which is based on principles and laws established by a thorough investigation of manual and machine...
Page 90 - RULE 1.—Take the first term from the second, the second from the third, the third from the fourth, &c., and the remainders will form a new series, called the first order of differences.
Page 165 - Elements are recorded in sequence without stopping the watch. The observer keeps the watch going continuously during the period of study, making a mental note of the time as shown on the watch at the instant each elementary operation is completed and recording that time on the sheet opposite its name or appropriate symbol. He should do all this with sufficient...
Page 242 - Guaranteed Rate." D. When a bonus worker is required to work for less than a day on work of his own class which cannot be put on a bonus, he will be paid the Base Rate for the time actually put in on the work. E. When a bonus worker is required to work a day or longer on work of his own class which cannot be put on a bonus and if he has been earning his bonus 75% of his total working hours for the past period, he will be paid on the...
Page 242 - ... temporarily to a different class of work, he will be paid the Base Rate of his regular work, provided the work is done within the Standard Time, unless he can make more money on bonus at the new job. G — In case a bonus worker makes a mistake in his work and does not rectify it at the time he does the work, he will not receive his bonus. H — No bonus worker will be given additional time to correct his mistake. I — If any work is discovered to be faulty by another department, the amount...