Evolution, or the extracting of Roots, Page Difcount by Compound Interest, Annaties, or Penfions in arrears at Compound Intereft,308 Prefent worth of annuities, at Compound Intereft, 3FI Annuities in Reverfion, at Compound Intereft, Table fhewing the amount of £1 from one year to 40, 319 -fhewing the prefent worth of £1 from 1 year to 40, 320 ABRIDGED. A RITHMETICK is the Art or Science of com puting by numbers, and is comprised under fiveprincipal or fundamental Rules, viz. NOTATION or Nu MERATION, ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICA FION and DIVISION NUMERATION Teaches the different value of figures by their different places and to read or write any fum or number by these ten characters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.-0 is called: a cypher, and all the reft are called figures or digits. 2. Befides the fimple value of figures as above noted, they have each a local value, according to the following law; viz. In a combination of figures, reckoning from right to left, the figure, in the first place reprefents. its primitive fimple value; that in the fecond place, ten. times its fimple value, and fo on the value of the figure, in each fucceeding place, being ten times the value of it, in that immediately preceding it. 3. The values of the places are estimated according to their order: the first is denominated the place of units; the fecond, tens: the third, hundreds, and fo on, as in, the Table. Thus, in the number 3467: 7 in the first place, fignifies only feven; 6 in the fecond place, figni fies 6 tens, or fixty; 4, in the third place, four hundred 3, in the fourth place, three thousand; and the whole, taken together, is read thus; three thousand four huadred and fixty feven. 4. A 4. A cypher, though of no fignifica tion itself, yet it poffeffes a place, and when fet on the right hand of figures, in whole numbers, increases their value in the fame tenfold proportion; thus, 9 fignifies only nine; but, if a cypher is placed on its right hand, thus, 90, it then becomes ninety, To enumerate any parcel of figures, obferve the fol lowing Rule. First. Commit the words at the head of the Table viz. units, tens, hundreds, &c. to memory; then, to the fimple value of each figure, join, the name of its place, beginning at the left hand, and reading towards the right-More particularly-1. Place a dot under the right hand figure of the 2d, 4th, 6th, 8th, &c. half periods, and the figure over fuch dot will, univerfally, have the name of thoufands.-2. Place the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. as indices, over the 2d, 3d, 4th, &c. period: Thefe indices, will then fhow the number of times the millions are involved the figure under 1, bearing the name of millions, that under 2, the name of billions (or millions of millions) that under 3, trillions (or millions of millions of millions.). EXAMPLE. Sextil. Quintili. Quatrill. Trillions. Eillions. Millions. Units. བ th. un. th. un. th. in. th, un. Th. un. th. un, &..t.C.2.0. 913,208;000, 341,620, 0573219, 356;809 379;120, 406;129.763 Thousands Thousands Thousands Thousands Thousands NOTE NOTE . Billions is fubftituted for millions of millions; Trillions, for millions of millions of millions: Quatrillions, for millions of millions of millions of millions. Quintillions, Sextillions, Septillions, Octillions, Nonmillions Decillions, Undecillions, Duodecillions &c. an. fwer to millions fo often involved as their indices refpec tively denote. NOTE 2. The right hand figure of each half period has the place of units, of that half period; the middle one, that of tens, and the left hand one, that of hundreds. THE APPLICATION. Write down, in proper figures, the following numbers. Fifteen. Two hundred and feventy-nine. Three thousand, four hundred and three. Thirty feven thousand, five hundred and fixty feven. Nine millions, feventy two thoufand and two hundred. nine. Eight hundred millions, fourty four thousand, and fifty five. 1 Two thoufand, five hundred and forty three millions, four hundred and thirty one thousand, seven hundred and two. Write down in words at length, the following numbers. 8437 709040 3476194 7584397647 17 3010 879066 84094007 49163189186 12917606 4091875 699748591 500098422700 Notation I. One. 1. Two. III. Three. IV. Four. V. Five. VI. Six. VII. Seven. VIII. Eight. IX. Nine. X. Ten. Notation by Roman Letters XI. Eleven. XL. Forty. CC. Two Hundred. 1000. Fifty Thousand. eight hundred and feven. A lefs literal number, placed after a greater, always augments the value of the greater; if put before, it diminishes it. Thus, VI is 6; IV is 4; XI is 11; 1X is 9, &c. ADDITION Is the putting together of two or more numbers, or fums, to make them one total, or whole fum. SIMPLE ADDITION Is the adding of feveral integers or whole numbers rogether, which are all of one kind, or fort; as, 7 pour 12 pounds and 20 pounds, being added together, the.. aggregate, or fum total, is 39 pounds. RULE. |