3. When the divisor is large, and not a composite number, you may divide by the whole divisor at once, after tranner of long division, as follows, vida

EXAMFLES.

Divide 128l. 13s. Id. by 47.
£. 8. d.

£. $. d.
47)178 18 3(2 14 9 quotient.

94

34 pounds remaining. Multiply by 20 and add in the 134. produces 699 shillings, which divided by' 47, frer

745. in the quotient.

223

188

35 shillings remaining. Multiply by 18 and add in the 3d. produces 425 pence, which divided as sboro, gine 423

[9d. in the quotiont

1

f

dhe 2. Divide 113 13 4 by 31. 3. Divide 85 6 3 by 75. 4. Divide $15 3 104 by 365. 5. Diviile 132 0 8 by 68. 8. Divide 740 16 8 100.

Dividc 898 18 10 95.

EXAMPLES OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES, &c. 1. Divide 14 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lb. of sugar equally among & men.

C.

gr.
8)14 1 '80

16. 0%.

1 3 4 8 Quotient.

14 1 8 0 Proof.

Divide 6'T. 11 cwt. 3 qrs: 19 lb. by 4

Ans. 11. 12cut. Sqrs. 2516. 120z. 3. Divide 14 cwt. I qr. 12 lb. by 5

Ans. 2cwt. Sqrs. 131b. 9ox. 9dr.t 4. Divide 16 lb. 13 oz. 10 dr. by 6

Ans. 216, 1202. 15dr. 5. Divide 56 lb. 6 M. 17 pwt. of silver into 9 equal parts.

Ans. 61b. Soz. 8pt. 18grs. + 6. Divide 26 lb. 1 02. 5 pwt. by 24

Ans. ilb. 1ox. 1put. 1gr. 7. Divide 9 hhds. 28 gals. 2 gta. by 12

Ans. Ohhds. 49gals. 2gts. Ipt. 8. Divide 168 bu. 1 pk. 6 gis by 35

Ans. 461. Spks. eqts. 9. Divide 17 lea. 1 m. 4 fur. 21 po. by 21

Ans. 2m. 4fur. 1po. 10. Divide 43. yds. 1 qr. 1 na by 11

1

Ans. Syds. 3grs. 3n2.. 11. Divide 97 E. E. 4 qrs. 1 na. by 5

Ans. 19yds. 2grs. Sna. + 12. Divide 41 gallons of brandy equally among 144 soldiers.

Ans. Igill a-piece: 18. Bought a dozen of silver spoons, which together weighed 316. 2 oz. 13 pwt. 12 grs. how much silver did ach

Ans. Soz. 4prot. ilgr. 1.14. Bought 17 cwt. 3 qrs. 19 lb. of sugar, and sold out pe third of it; how much remains unsold ?

Ans. 11cwt. Sgre. 2elb.

spoon contain ?

15. From a piece of cloth containing 64 yards 2 na. a taylor was ordered to make 9 soldiers' coats, which took one third of the whole piece ; how many yards did each coat contain ?

Ans. 2yds. lor. 2na.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.

1. If 9 yards of cloth cost 41. 38. 744. what is that per yard ?

5. d. tr. 54 Shop 2

9 3 2 Ansuer.

2. Il 11 tons of hay cost 231. Os. 2d. what is that per ton ?

Ans. £,2 ls. 10d. 3. If 12 gallons of brandy cost 41. 15. 6d. what is thæt per gallon

Ans. 7s. 11d. 2qrs. 4. If 84 lbs. of cheese cost 11. 168. 9d. what is that

per pound ?

Ans. 5fd. 5. Bought 48 pairs of stockings for 11l. 2s. how much a pair do they stand me in ?

Ans. 4s. 7 d. 6. If a reckoning of 5l. 8š. 101d. be paid equally among 13 persons what do they pay a-piece ? Ans. 8s. 4fd.

7. A piece of cloth containing 24 yards, cost 181. 6s. what did it cost per yard ?

Ans. 15s. Sd 8. If a hogshead of wine cost 331. 12s. what is it a gallon?

Aris. 10s. 8d. 9. If 1 cwt. of

sugar
cost 31. 10s. what is it per pound ?

Ans. 7.d. 10. If a man spends 711. 14s. 6d. a year what is that per calendar inonth ?,

Ans. 45 19s. 61d. 11. The Prince of Wales salary is 150,0001. a year. what is that a day?

Ans. 4410 9s. d. 12. A privateer takes a prize worth 12465 dollars, of which the owner takes one half, tlie officers one fourth, and the remainder is equally divided among the sailors, who are 125 in number, how much is each sailor's part?

Ans $24 93cts.

13. Three merćnants, A, B, and C, have a ship in company. A hathf, B1, and C , and they receive for freight 228l. 16s. 8d. It is required to divide it arnong the owners according to their respective shares

Ans. A's share £ 143 Os. 5d. B's share £57 4s. 2d. C's share 6 28 12s. 1d.

14. A privateer having taken a prize worth $6850, it is divided into one hundred shares; of which the captain is to have 11; 2 lieutenants, each 5; 12 midshipinen, each 2; and the remainder is to be divided equally among

the sailors, who are 105 in number. Ans. Captain's share 8753 50cts, lieut's. $342 50cts. a midshipman's $137, and a sailor's 835 38cts

REDUCTION, TEACHES to bring or change numbers from one name to another, without altering their value.

Reduction is either Descending or Ascending.

Descending, is when great names are brought into small, as pounds into shillings, days into hours, &c.Thris is done by Multiplication.

Ascending is when small names are brought into great, as shillings into pounds, hours into days, &c. This is performed by Division.

REDUCTION DESCENDING.

RULE.

Multiply the highest denomination given, by so many of the next less as make one of that greater, and thus continue till you have brought it down as low as your question requires.

Proor. Change the oruer of the question, and divide yoưr last product by the last multiplier, and so on.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 251. 15s. 9d. 2grs how many farthings?

15. From a piece of cloth containing 64 yards 2 na. a taylor was ordered to make 9 soldiers' coats, which took one third of the whole piece ; how many yards did each coat contain ?

Ans. 2yds. lor. 2na.

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.

1. If 9 yards of cloth cost 41. 38. 71d. what is that per yard?

f. s. d. gr. 9)4 S 2

93 % Answer.

2. Il 11 tons of hay cost 231. Os. 2d. what is that per ton ?

Ans. £2 1s. 10d. 3. If 12 gallons of brandy cost 41. 15s. 6d. what is that per gallon

Ans. 7s. 11d. 2qrs. 4. If 84 lbs. of cheese cost 1l. 16s. 9d. what is that per pound:

Ans. 5d. 5. Bought 48 pairs of stockings for 11l. 2s. how much a pair do they stand me in?

Ans. 4s. 7 1d. 6. If a reckoning of 5l. 8š. 101d. be paid equally among 13 persons what do they pay a-piece ? Ans. 8s. 4fd.

7. A piece of cloth containing 24'yards, cost 181. 68. what did it cost per yard ?

Ans. 15s. Sd 8. If a hogshead of wine cost 331. 12$. what is it a gallon ?

Aris. 10s. 8d. 9. If 1 cwt. of sugar cost 31. 10s. what is it per pound?

Ans. 7 d. 10. If a man spends 711. 14s. 6d. a year what is that per calendar inonth ?,

Ans. £5 19s. 61d. 1. The Prince of Wales' salary is 150,0001. a year, what is that a day?

Ans. £410 !9s. 2d. 12. A privateer takes a prize worth 12465 dollars, of which the owner takes one half, the officers one fourth, and the remainder is equally divided among the sailors, who are 125 in number; how much is each sailor's part?

Ans $24 9scts.