In taking aboard a passenger, such as this Slavonic woman is carrying, a large shawl is folded triangularly, the child placed in the middle by means of some bench or elevation. The mother takes hold of the two long ends of the shawl with her back to the child, draws the ends over her shoulders and across the breast, around under her arms and the ends are tied underneath the child. Thus the weight comes upon her shoulders, chest, back and hips, while allowing both arms free to carry freight. This is the method usually adopted by the Slavonic and Polish mothers. The Lapland mother, here shown, was a member of a small colony imported by Uncle Sam to introduce the breeding of reindeer in Alaska. There were about fifteen in the party, and this woman had two children, the younger she carried in this queer looking combination of cradle and sled, which she could carry either across her back, after the manner of a quiver with arrows, or else drag along over the snow as a sled. The picturesque costume was made of furs and skins, while the cap was brilliant with fancy-dyed leather; the large knife and key that hung from the girdle was undoubtedly the prototype of the modern society girl's "chatelaine." The baby,. clad in furs suitable for a cold climate, was protesting most vigorously against his environment. The elder child had that serious, prematurely-old look, so common among children brought up in rigorous climates. Quite naturally, the woman from sunny Italy, accustomed as she is to carrying jugs of water and heavy loads of freight nicely balanced on her head, might sometimes balance a baby, crib and all in this manner. The Italian baby, accustomed early to the wide bandage with which he is enveloped, somewhat after the manner of a mummy, seems contented under any circumstances. He seldom cries, not even if carried like a shawlstrap by one of the folds of his binder, or under the arm like a a golfbag, or stood in a corner like a bundle of sticks. When it is realized that his parents cannot talk if prevented from gesticulating by tying their hands to their sides, then it may be understood why the Italian baby is silent when immobilized. The Arab mother carries her baby in the most universally used methodin the left arm; she, nevertheless, swathes it in most gaudily colored clothes, the whole bound around with a heavy knitted or embroidered band. The Arab mother delights in adorning her baby with many glass bracelets, rings and necklaces. Not satisfied with its natural beauty she must have its arms tatooed, its fingernails stained a rich orange color with "henna," its eyelashes blackened with a sort of "make-up" stagepaint. And to complete her savage "fetishism she has a small round spot This, burned with a hot iron on the top of the child's head. she claims wards off evil influences and especially prevents eye troubles. Of course it was useless to point out to her the numerous adults from her country who had chronic conjunctivitis in spite of the magic scar on the vertex. This is not a party of Alpine mountain-climbers lashed together, but a Norwegian mother with her numerous brood fastened together with a long rope to prevent loosing them in the "hurly-burly" of landing in America. The mother carries the infant in a shawl across the front of the chest, the shawl arranged so as to produce traction on her back and neck. This is one of our native American Indian mothers and child returning with a wild-west show from Europe. She had long since abandoned the "papoose" frame once used by American Indians from Canada to the tropics. This papoose frame in the north was made of birch-bark, with pillow of |