he had listened to twenty-six years before. But he does not pretend to give us a positive discourse, in the manner of Mather, but says, 'Amongst other wholesome instructions and exhortations, he [Mr. Robinson] used these expressions, or to the same purpose." (Young's Pilgrims, p. 396.) NOTE C.- Page 56. BURIAL OF ROBINSON. Or the inscription in the Blaffaarden van de Hoofd-Kerken, recording the receipt of nine florins for the opening and hire of a tomb for Robinson, the following is a fac-simile, certified by Dr. Dermout, to whom I have before alluded, and by Mr. de Pecker. Translation. 66 1625 [See fac-simile on opposite page.] 10 March-Open and hire for John Robens, English preacher9 florins." The volume from which this is taken is, as I have mentioned before, the record of church receipts. In the Gravenboeck, or book of interments, which was deposited in the Stadt Huis in 1812, the following record appears of Robinson's interment. "1625 4 Maart-Jan Roelends, Predicant van de Engelsche Translation. John Roelends, Preacher of the English sect, The words "by the Belfry " allude to the residence of the deceased, which is mentioned against the name of each person. Near the Belfry of Leyden there was a large square, on one side of which alone were a few houses; so that such a direction was perhaps sufficiently explicit. The Church of St. Peter is the oldest in Leyden, and the date of the first building is now quite unknown. In September, 1121, Godebald, twenty-fourth bishop of Utrecht, consecrated it by the name of St. Peter and St. Paul, and in 1339 it was much enlarged. (See Orlers's History of Leyden.) It contains now several monuments, among them, one to Boerhaven, one to Scaliger, &c. An old book, printed at Leyden in 1713, entitled Les Délices de Leide, gives the following account of the privileges enjoyed by the students. "Les etudians aussi quels qu'ils soient, y'ont beaucoup de beaux Privileges; comme d'avoir tous les mois, sans payer les Droits de l'Etat et de la Ville, chacun une demi-Tonne de Biere, et tous les trois mois vingt stoopen de Vin (chaque Stoop contient quatre pintes) et d'n'être jugés dans leurs diverses querelles et différens que par le Recteur Magnifique, quatre Assesseurs, quatre Bourgemaitres et deux Echevins (Scheepenen) quand même il y aûroit en quelque meurtre; et autres libertez. .. Les personnes de la plus haute qualité, Princes, Comtes, Marquis, Barons, &c., &c., se font un honneur d'y voir paroître leur Nom et d'avoir été sujets de l'Academie."-p. 71. These fine privileges" continued to be enjoyed by the students until 1795, when, in the movement that followed in Holland the French Revolution, all old chartered privileges of a similar nature were broken up. The magisterial powers possessed by the University had, however, long previously to that time, given annoyance to the town'speople of Leyden, and produced, perhaps, as many heart-burnings as one sees existing at the present day between the academical and municipal officers of Cambridge and Oxford. The following is the record of Robinson's admission to the University of Leyden, certified by Dr. Kist, one of the professors of the University. "In albo Civium Academiæ Lugdvno-Batavæ, die 5o Septembris, Anni 1615, inscriptus est, 'Consulum permissu : 666 Joannes Robintsonus, Anglus, Ann. XXXIX., Stud. Theol. alit familiam.' IN the MSS. catalogue of the University Library at Leyden, the name of Robinson does not appear, neither is it in the old printed catalogue of 1750. In the Royal Library at Paris is a Latin copy of his Apology, dated 1619, though no other books appear against his name. The earliest notice of Robinson that I can find in any work printed in Holland is one given twenty-eight years after his death, by John Hoornbeeck, in his book, Summa Controversiarum Religionis, Trajecti ad Rhenum (Utrecht), 1653. In his tenth chapter he devotes nearly a hundred pages to the Brownists, and, speaking of Robinson, says, "Optimus inter illos fuit, de quo postremum dicendus, Johannes Robinsonus, quoque Leidensium Separatistarum Minister, vir supra reliquos probus atque eruditus." He speaks of Ames and Parker as having mollified Robinson in some degree, although he would not allow entire communion with the Dutch church; and mentions Robinson's Apology as having been printed in Latin in 1619 and in English in 1644; but I can find no allusion to a controversy with Episcopius, a passage relating to which Mr. Young has copied (p. 42) from the second edition of Hoornbeeck, printed at Leyden in 1658. Is it not probable that the fame of this discussion had not reached Hoornbeeck at Utrecht, but that he first heard of it at Leyden, to which place he removed in the same year that his first edition was published? The second notice is in 1687, in Horn's Historia Ecclesiastica, published during that year at Leyden. This book, however, must be well known in America. Prince refers frequently to it, and also Young, in his notes. Speaking of the Separatists, he mentions Brown, then Barrow, Johnson, and Smith, and continues," Ita languentem et animam agentem Separatismum restituit* Robinsonus, Pastor Leidensis, doctissimus ac modestissimus omnium Separatistarum, qui ab Amesio et Parkero in viam revocatus, rigidas Separatistarum opiniones mitigavit et Semi-Separatismum fundavit. Et hic Robinsonus verus author Independentium hodiernorum et in nova et in veteri Anglia est. De quibus hoc in universum tenendum est eos in doctrina nihil vel parum, in nullo saltem articulo fundamentali discrepare ab aliis Reformatis Ecclesiis. Cæterum majorem puritatem, vitæ sanctitatem ac perfectionem præ se ferunt." In Memorabilia Ecclesiastica Seculi Decimi Septimi, per And. Carolum, published at Tübingen in 1697, is a short notice of Robinson, which is compiled from Hoornbeeck's second edition and from Horn. He has the statement given in Young, p. 453, that the widow, children, and friends were received into the Dutch church. In Hoffinan's Lexicon Universale, Lugduni Bat., 1698, Vol. IV., p. 74, is a notice of Henry Robinson, in which part of the above section of text from Horn appears. Under the head, "Separatistæ, nomen secta in Anglia," he mentions Brown, Smith, and Robinson, and copies again a part of the foregoing paragraph of Horn, to whom he refers as authority. Under "Independentes "a long notice is given, compiled also from Horn, in which the name of Robinson is mentioned. In the Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Kunste, Leipzig, 1724, in 24 vols., folio, John Robinson is mentioned as an English preacher who left his fatherland on account of persecution. "Er wird auch von seinen Freunden gerühmet, dass er fromm und gelehrt gewesen, auch von denen Leydnischen Professoren sehr hoch gehalten, und seine Apologie überaus allen Gottesgelehrten zu recommendiren sey." The article continues by stating, that, after Robinson's death, his congregation went to New England, whence many returned during the time of Cromwell. For this last statement his authority is Arnold's Kirch Historie; for that in regard to the Leyden professors, he refers to Hoornbeeck, Lib. X., p. 775. After this, all the notices of Robinson that I met with in Dutch books were drawn either from Hoffman's Lexicon, or directly from Horn. Some notices in more recent works are taken from Neal's "Optimam operam navavit in refutandis_Arminianis. Extat ipsius Apologia moderata, docta, brevis. Independentismus Democratia est, desinens in avagxiav, perimens Jura Regiminis Ecclesiastici, Presbyterii, Classium, Synodorum, quæ tamen Scripturaria sunt, et defendenda contra Episcopatus hodierni Hierachiam." — pp. 398, 399. History of the Puritans, which, as I have before stated, was translated into Dutch by Jan Ross, and published in 1752, under the title, Historie der Rechtzinninge Puriteinen. NOTE F. THERE is in the writings of the Pilgrims no allusion, I believe, to the individuals who composed the magistracy of Leyden. Should any such be found at a future day, the following list of those officers for the years 1609 and 1620 will perhaps not be without interest. It is taken from Orler's History of Leyden, p. 650. MEMOIR OF GAMALIEL BRADFORD, M. D. BY, CONVERS FRANCIS, D. D. THE name of Bradford stands in an honored place on the records of New England history. From WILLIAM BRADFORD, the ancient governor of the Plymouth colony, a man in the front rank of the Puritan worthies, Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, of whom a brief notice is here to be given, was a lineal descendant, in the sixth generation. He was the son of Gamaliel Bradford, Esq., a gentleman who, by intellectual culture, manly courage, and the best qualities of a generous heart, won a high place in the respect of the wise and good.* Dr. Bradford was born in Boston, November 17th, 1795. At the early age of twelve years, he had passed through the preparation usual at that time for admission to Harvard University. But, as he was deemed too young to meet the duties and hazards of a college life, he accompanied his father on a voyage to the southern part of Europe, and was placed in a Catholic seminary at Messina, where he remained nine months. The winter of 1808-9 he spent in London, and in the ensuing spring returned to Boston. His studies were continued at home, and in 1810 he entered Harvard University. Without the impulse of a strong ambition for the literary honors of college, his unquestioned talents, classical attainments, and keen intellectual activity gave him a highly respect * See a Memoir of him in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, 3d series, Vol. I., p. 202. |