II. That he would leave Delinquents to a legal Tryal, and Judg. ment of Parliament.

III. That the Papifts may not only be disbanded, but difarmed according to Law.

IV. That his Majefty would be pleafed to give his Royal Affent unto the Bill for taking away fuperftitious Innovations, to the Bill for the utter abolishing and taking away of all Archbishops, Bishops, their Chancellors and Commiffaries, &c. to the Bill against fcandalous Ministers, to the Bill against Pluralities, &c.

V. That his Majefty would be pleased, for the better Discovery and Speedier Conviction of Recufants, that an Oath might be established by Act of Parliament, to be adminiftred in fuch Manner as by both Houfes fhould be agreed on, wherein they fhall abjure and renounce, the Pope's Supremacy, Doctrine of Tranfubflantiation, Purgatory, &c.

VI. That the Earl of Bristol be removed from his Majefty's Councils, and that both he and the Lord Herbert, eldest Son to the Earl of Worcester, may likewife be reftrained from coming within the Verge of the Court, &c.

VII. That the Militia both by Sea and Land, and the Forts and Ports of the Kingdom, be fettled in fuch a Manner as fhould be agreed on by both Houses, &c.

VIII. That his Majefly would be pleafed by his Letters to make Sir John Brampton Chief Juftice of the King's Bench, and Mr. Serjeant Rells, and Mr. Serjeant Atkins, Juftices of the King's-Bench, &c.

IX. That all fuch Perfons as have been put out of the Commiffion of Peace, &c. fince the firft Day of April (other than fuch as were put out by the Defire of the Parliament) may again be put into thofe Commiflions, &.

X. As the 18th Propofition of the 19 Propofitions.

XI. That the Royal Affent be given unto fuch Acts as shall be advised by Parliament, for fatisfying the Debts wherein the Parliament had engaged the Publick Faith of the Kingdom.

XII. The fame with the 17th of the 19 Propofitions.

XIII. As the 14th Propofition of the 19 Propofitions.

XIV. The fame with the 10th Propofition of the 19 Propofitions fent to the King, June 21, 1641. But this Treaty became fruitless.

near

A. D. 1643, in the Beginning of the Spring the Queen returned into England, bringing with her confiderable Supplies of Men, Money and Ammunition out of France; and that Year his Majesty became Mafter of the North and Weft, fome few Garrisons excepted. July 5, Sir Ralph Hepton with his Cavaliers routed Sir Wil. liam Waller at Lansdown Bath; and July 15, he again de feated him at Roundway-bill by the Devizes, killing many Hundreds on the Place, and taking many more Prifoners. Bristol and Exeter were yielded to thofe two martial Princes Rupert and Maurice, Sors of Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine and Elizabeth his Wife, Sifter to King Charles I. Glow fler the King befieged with a brave Army; and the Befieged, under their Colonel Edward Maffey, defended themselves with great Bravery, ull the Earl of Effex came with an Army, and railed the Siege. From this Siege the two Armies marched within few Miles of each the other without any Engagement (lave a little Skirmish by Alborne Chace) till they came to Newbury, where a fore Battle was fought. On the

King's

King's Part were flain the Earls of Carnarvon and Sunderland, and the learned Lord Faulkland; Effex loft many of his Officers.

January 22, Those loyal Members of Parliament who diffented from them at Westminster, met at Oxford by the King's Summons; of thefe, befides the Prince and Duke of York, the Lord-Keeper Littleton, Treasurer Cottington, Duke of Richmond, and Marquis of Hertford, there were nineteen Earls and as many Lords, and One hundred and feventeen Knights and Gentlemen. Other loyal Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen, Members of Parliament, were at this Time employed in the King's Service in divers Places of the Nation.

In this Month and Year the Scotch Army, under the Conduct of the Earl of Leven, entred England for the Parliament, being about 18,000 Foot, and 2000 Horse.

About this time was loyal New ark befieged by Sir John Meldrum: but by Prince Rupert's coming it was relieved, and the Parliamentarians forced to march away after great Loffes, on fuch Conditions as the Prince would grant them.

This Year, upon a Ceffation of Arms in Ireland, fome Forces came over to the King's Affistance.

This Year alfo that Rebellious Thing called a Parliament, met at Westminster, and their Adherents, and fome, to fave themselves from Punishment, took the Scottish Solemn League and Covenant, with Hands lifted up to the most high God, fwearing to endeavour the Prefer vation of the Reformed Religion, the Extirpation of Popery and Prelacy, to preferve the Rights and Privileges of Parliament, and Liberties of the Kingdom, and to defend and preferve the King's Majetty's Perfon and Authority, to

make Discovery of all Incendiaries, 1644. malignant or evil Inftruments, dividing the King from his People, to maintain a firm Peace betwixt the Confederate Nations of England and Scotland, to assist and defend all thofe that enter into this Solemn League and Covenant, in the maintaining and purfuing thereof, to endeavour the amending of their Lives, and each one to go before another in the Example of real Reformation, that the Lord might turn away his Wrath and heavy Indignation, and establish these Churches and Kingdoms in Truth and Peace. All the Parliament's Pretence in raifing Arms was Reformation, for the Defence of the King's Perfon, to rescue him from his evil Council, and to make him a glorious King; which at length they did when they deprived him of his natural Life.

And presently

A. D. 1644, Sir William Waller defeated Sir Ralph Hopton about Brandon-Heath. The Lord Fairfax and his Son Sir Thomas took divers of the King's Garrisons in the North. Prince Rupert raised the Siege of Latham Houfe, which Garrison had been defended the Space of about eighteen Weeks, by that loyal and magnanimous Lady the Countess of Derby. June 29, the King's Forces gave a great Defeat to Waller's Army at Cropely-Bridge. after this the King drove the Earl of Effex up into Cornwall; but the Earl deferted his Army, paffing by Water to Plymouth; and his Horse taking the Advantage of a dark Night, efcaped, leaving the Foot to fhift how they could, who capitulated for their Lives, leaving their Arms, Cannon, Ammunition, and Baggage to the King's Difpofal. Then Ilferdcome, Barnstaple, and Saltash yielded to the King, whe now victoriously marched towards London.

July

July the 3d, was a great Fight at Marfion-moore, where the Parliament Army obtained a very confiderable Victory. And October the 27th, Effex, Waller, and the Earl of Manchefter, met the King as he came out of the Weft at Newbury, where a fharp Battle was fought, and the King's Party forced out of the Field.

In November, Mack Mahon, an Irish Rebel, was hang'd and quartered at Tyburn. And December 23, Sir Alexander Carew was beheaded on Tower Hill, for attempting to give up the Iland of Plymouth to the King's Forces.

January the ift, Hotham the Son, and January the 2d, Hotham the Father, were beheaded on Tower. Hill, for defigning to betray Hall to the Royalifls, and for other Treacheries.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, having been voted guil. ty of High Treafon by the Houfe of Commons, and condemned by the House of Peers to be drawn, hanged, and quartered, (though upon his Petition they changed the Manner of his Execution) was brought to the Scaffold on TowerHill, January 10, where he preached his laft Sermon, taking for his Text Hebr. xiii. 2. So yielding his Neck to the Stroke of the Executioner. The Charge against him was, endeavouring to fubvert the Laws, Religion, and Privileges of Parliament.

January 30. By his Majefty's Procurement, a Treaty was held at Uxbridge, where the Parliament's Demands were, That Epifcopacy might be extirpated, that Presbytery might be ettablished, and that the King fhould yield up the Militia folely unto the Parliament's Difpofal, &c. as in the 19 Propofitions, and thofe in the Treaty at

Oxford, with fome Additional; as, That his Majefty, according to the laudable Example of his Royal Father, of happy Memory, would be pleafed to fwear and fign the late Solemn League and Covenant, and that an Act of Parliament be paffed in both Kingdoms refpec. tively, for enjoyning the taking of the fame, by all the Subjects of the three Kingdoms; That the Perfons who shall expect no Pardon, be only these following, Rupert and Maurice, Sons of the Count Palatine of the Rhine, James Earl of Derby, John Earl of Bristol, William Earl of Newcastle, Francis Lord Cattington, John Lord Parlet, George Lord Digby, Edward Lord Little ton, Matthew Wren Bishop of Ely, Sir Robert Heath, Dr. Bramhåll Bishop of Derry, Sir John Biron, William Widdrington, Colonel George Goring, Henry Germyn, Elq; Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir Francis Doddington, Mr. Endymion Porter, Sir George Ratcliffe, Sir Marmaduke Langdale, Sir Henry Vaughan, Sir Francis Windebanke, Sir Richard Greenvie, Mr. Edward Hyde, Sir John Marley, Sir Nicholas Cole, Sir Thomas Riddle, jun. Colonel Ware, Sir John Strangewaies, Sir John Culpe per, Sir Richard Floyd, John Bol wile, Efq; Mr. David Jenkins, Su George Strode, Marquis of Huntley, Earl of Montrofe, Earl of Nidde dale, Earl of Traquair, Earl of Care avath, with fome other Scotch Lords and Gentlemen (named).

2. All Papifts and Popish Recufants who have been, now are, or fhall be actually in Arms, or voluntarily affifting againft the Parliament, or Eftates of either Kingdom.

3. All Perfons who have had any Hand in the Plotting, Defigning, or Affifting the Rebellion in Iland.

This Treaty alfo proved frui:lefs.

February

February 20, the Lord Mac-Guyer, another of the Grand Irish Rebels, was executed at Tyburn.

About this Time was the Parliament's Army new modell'd. The Earl of Effex and the other Commanders, who were Parliament Men (Oliver Cromwell was excepted) were by the Self-denying Ordinance (lately made) to attend in Parliament, in whofe Stead others and more active Persons were appointed. Sir Thomas Fairfax was conftituted Captain General, Oliver Cromwell (then the Sectaries Darling) was made Lieutenant General, Henry Ireton Commiffary General, &c. After which Model the King's Affairs of the Nation began fatally to decline.

4. D. 1645, his Majefty drew his Army out of Oxford, in order to relieve his Northern Counties and Garrifons; but after he had formed and taken Leicester, in his Way he was called back to fecure Oxford, which the Parliament Army threatned with a Siege. This while Sir Thomas Fairfax had intercepted a Letter of the Lord Goring's to the King, wherein that loyal Subject had defired of his Majefty to forbear engaging with the Enemy, till he could be joyned with him. Hereupon Fairfax left his Siege before Oxford, and made directly towards the King with a Purpofe to fight him before that Addition of Strength fhould come in. And at a Place near Naseby in Northamptonshire, both Armies met on Saturday, June 14, 1645. His Majefty commanded the main Body, Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice the Right Wing, Sir Marmaduke Langdale the Left, the Lord Apply the Right Hand Referve, and Sir George Lifle the Left. Of the Parliament Army Fairfax and Skipton had the ordering of the main

Battle, Cromwell the Right Wing, 1645. and Ireton the Left. Prince Rupert charged that Wing commanded by Ireton fo home, that he difordered it, taking Ireton Prifoner; and for a while he followed the Parliamentarians towards Nafeby, but in the Interim Cromwell worsted the King's Right Wing, and then came in to Fairfax's Affiftance, who together charged upon the King's main Body; and they, no longer able to ftand it out, retreated out of the Field leaving a compleat Victory to the disloyal Party, who purfued them within two Miles of Leicester, killing in their Way many Women that had followed the Cavaliers Camp. On the Parliament's Side were wounded and flain above 1,000. King's Side were flain 20 Knights, Colonels, and Officers of Note, and 600 private Soldiers; and of Prifoners were taken 6 Colonels, 8 Lieutenant-Colonels, 18 Majors, 70 Captains, with many other Officers, 4,500 common Soldiers, 13 of the King's Houfhold Servants, 12 Pieces of Ordnance, 8,000 Arms, 40 Barrels of Powder, 200 Carriages, ftore of rich Pillage, 3,000 Horfes, the King's Standard, one of his Coaches, his Cabinet of Letters, which the Parliameat caused to be made publick.

On the

At

April 16, Leicester was yielded up to Sir Thomas Fairfax, which accomplished, he marched into the Weft to relieve Taunton, then befieged by the Royal Party. Langport he difcomfited the Lord Goring's Forces, taking 1,400 Prifoners. Then Bridgewater and Bath yielded to him. Then he befieged Sherbourn Caftie, and fent Cromwell to, fupprefs the Wilts and Darfefbire Clubmen, affociated about Shaftsbury, which he did; killing fome, taking others, and

difperfing

1646. difperfing the reft. Thefe Clubmen declared themfelves Neutrals, pretending only to fecure their own Properties. August 15, Sherbourn Caftle was furrendred upon Promife of Quarter.

1

At Rowton Heath, near Chefter, Colonel Poyns worfted his Majesty's Forces.

In Yorkshire Colonel Robert Lilbourn routed the Royalifts commanded, by the Lord Digby, and Sir Marmaduke Langdale. Colonel Birch and Colonel Morgan, by a Stratagem took Hereford for the Parliament. At Bovey-tracey, Oliver Cromwell furprized the Lord Wentworth, took three Regiments, difperfing two others. Fairfax took Dartmouth, defeated the Lord Hopton at Torrington, and immediately after blocks him up at Truro, inforcing him to disband his Army. March 21, Jacob Lord Afbly was routed at Stow in the Wold, by Sir William Brereton and Colonel Mor gan. The loyal Lord himself was taken Prifoner, with 1500 others. Many of the King's Garrifons fell this Year into the Hands of the Parliamentarians; as Bristol, the Devizes, Winchefter Caftle, Bafing Houfe, Laycock Houfe, Berkly Cattle, Cheapflow, Winchester, Belvoir Cattle, Latham Houfe, Monmouth, and Wel beck Houfe, &c.

A. D. 1646, This Year the Parliament began with difabling all fuch of their Fellow-Members as were with the King, from ever fitting in the Houfe again, impowering the Speaker to give Warrants to the Clerk of the Crown for new Elections in their Places; and alfo commanded all Cavaliers to depart the City of London, betwixt the Thirtieth of March and the Sixth of April. And in London a Court-Marshal was erected, who made it Death for any to re

pair to the King, Queen, Prince, or Malignant Lords and Commanders; for Malignant was a Term applied by the Parliamentarians to the King's loyal Subjects. And now his Majefty was reduced into a very low Condition. His Forces beaten out of the Field in all Places, and his Garrifons furrendred und taken daily, as St. Michael's Mount, Ruthen Caftle, Woodstock, Excefter, and Barnstaple; and General Fairfax approaching to befiege Oxford, the King upon Thoughts of providing for himself, went in Difguife to the Scotch Camp that was then before Newark, May the 4th. The Scotch Officers engaging to fecure both him and as many of his Party as fhould feek for Shelter with them, and to ftand to him with their Lives and Fortunes. But upon his Majefty's Departure from Oxford, divers of the Noblemen, as if they had been deferted by the King, yielded themfelves to Fairfax. And June 24, the most loyal University and City of Oxford was furrendred upon honourable Terms by Sir Thomas Glenham. After which a Number of the King's Garrisons yielded to the Parliament, as Benbury, Ludlow, Borftal, Carnarvon, Lichfield, Worcester, Wallingford, Gothridge, Ragland, Pendennis, and Newark by the King's Order was delivered up; and the Lord Me trofs in Scotland, and the Lord Or mond in Ireland, by the King's Com mand, defifted their Hoftilities. Af ter the Surrender of Newark, the Scotch Army marched back towards their own Country as far as New caftle upon Tyne, where when they were come, they tendred their Covenant to the King, pretending that unless he would take that, they durft not bring him into Sect land. This the King refufed not, if they would still fatisfy the Scruples concerning