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lex, defined, i. 2. 4.

Aelia Sentia, i. 5. 3: i. 6. pr.: i. 4
and 7: Anastasiana, iii. 5. 1: Aquilia,
iii. 27. 7: iv. 3 (see damnum iniuria
datum): Atilia, i. 20. pr. and 3:
Atinia, ii. 6. 2: Cornelia, de falsis,
ii. 12. 5: iv. 18. 7: de iniuria, iv. 4.
8: de sicariis, iv. 18. 5 and 6: duode-
cim Tabularum, see Twelve Tables:
Fabia de plagiariis, iv. 18. 10: Fal-
cidia, ii. 17. 3: ii. 22: ii. 23. 5: iv.
6. 33 Furia testamentaria, ii. 22.
pr.: Fufia Caninia, i. 7. pr.: Hor-
tensia, i. 2. 4: Hostilia, iv. 10. pr.:
Iulia, de ambitu, iv. 18. 11: de adul-
teriis, ib. 4: de annona, ib. 11: de
praedio dotali, ii. 8. pr.: de residuis,
iv. 18. 11: de vi publica aut privata,
iv. 15. 6: iv. 18. 8: maiestatis, iv.
18. 3 peculatus, iv. 18. 9: repetun-
darum, ib. II: Iulia et Plautia, ii. 6.
2: Iulia et Titia, i. 20. pr. and 3:
Junia Norbana, i. 5. 3: iii. 7. 4:
Iunia Velleia, ii. 13. 2: Papia Pop-
paea, iii. 7. 2 and 3: Pompeia, de
parricidiis, iv. 18. 6: regia, i. 2. 6:
Voconia, ii. 22. pr.: Zenoniana, iii.
24. 3: iv. 6. 33.

libellus conventionis, iv. 6. 24.
liberatio legata, ii. 20. 13.
libertas, defined, i. 3. 1: legacy of, to
incerta persona, once void, ii. 20. 25:
given poenae nomine, by will, ib. 36:
given per fideicommissum, ii. 24. 2.
libertini, defined, i. 5. pr.: formerly of
three kinds, ib. 3: liberti cives, ib.:
intestate succession to, under the XII
Tables, iii. 7. pr.: as amended by
the praetor, ib. 1, and by the lex
Papia, ib. 2: as finally settled by
Justinian, ib. 3: adsignatio of, see
adsignatio.

lis crescens, cases of, iii. 27. 7: iv. 6.
26: iv. 16. 1.

locatio conductio, analogy of its rules

to those of sale: contract concluded
as soon as merces is agreed upon, iii.
24. pr.: same rule as in sale if merces
is left to be fixed by a third person,
iii. 23. 1 iii. 24. I cases resembling
locatio conductio, but really innomi-
nate contract, ib. 1 and 2: cases
doubtful whether belonging to sale
or locatio conductio, ib. 3 and 4:
duties of conductor, ib. 5: they de-
scend to his heirs, ib. 6.
lucrativae causae, concurrence of, ii.
20. 6.

M.

mancipium, i. 3. 3.

mandatum, a gratuitous contract, iii.

26. 13: its five modes, ib. pr.: man-
datum for sole benefit of mandator,
ib. 1 for joint benefit of mandator
and agent, ib. 2: for sole benefit of
third person, ib. 3 for joint benefit
of mandator and third person, ib. 4:
for joint benefit of agent and third
person (mandatum qualificatum), ib.
5 for benefit of agent alone, con-
silium rather than mandatum, ib. 6:
mandatum contra bonos mores, not
obligatory, ib. 7: agent must not
exceed the terms of his commission,
ib. 8: revocation of mandatum before
execution, ib. 9: death of either party
terminates the commission, except
where subsequently executed through
ignorance, ib. 10: mandatum need
not be undertaken, but if accepted
must be executed, ib. 11: mandatum
in diem and sub condicione, ib. 12.
manumissio, defined, i. 5. pr.: its
modes, ib. I time of, ib. 2: in fraud
of creditors, avoided by lex Aelia Sen-
tia, i. 6. pr.: implies animus fraud-
andi, ib. 3: change in law of manu-
mission by minors, ib. 7: by will,
limited by lex Fufia Caninia, i. 7.
pr. not a capitis deminutio, i. 16.
4: of slave jointly owned, ii. 7. 4:
impossible condition in testamentary
manumission, taken pro non scripto,
ii. 14. 10 who cannot manumit, i. 6.
pr. and 4.

Marcellus, i. 4. pr.: ii. 5. 5.
matrimonium, defined, i. 9. 1: pro-
hibited degrees, i. 10. I sqq.

merx peculiaris, iv. 7. 3.
method of the Institutes, i. 1. 2.
military testament, does not require
the usual number of witnesses, ii. 11.
pr., or other ordinary forms, ib.: may
be made only while on actual service,
ib. and 3: if oral, a witness necessary,
ib. 1 may be made by a deaf or
dumb man, ib. 2: remains in force
only a year after discharge, except in
case of unfulfilled condition, ib. 3:
confirmation on actual service of a
non-military will irregularly made, ib.

4:

: effect of capitis deminutio on, ib.
5 not invalidated by absence of ex-
heredatio, ii. 13. 6: legacy in, to
incerta persona, once void, ii. 20. 25:
legacy poenae nomine in, ib. 36.
minor, as tutor, i. 14. 2.
minus petitio, iv. 6. 34.

mistake, in wills, ii. 20. 29: in con-
tracts, iii. 19. 23: in statement of
claim in an action, iv. 6. 35.
mutuum, defined, iii. 14. pr.: by pupil
without tutor's auctoritas, ii. 8. 2.

N.

necessarius heres, i. 6. 1: institution
of slave as, equivalent to manumis-
sion, ib. 2: see heres.
negotiorum gestio, iii. 27. I.
Nero, ii. 23. 4.

Nerva, ii. 12. pr.

nomen, in literal contract, iii. 21.
novatio, iii. 29. 3.

noxae datio, iv. 8. pr.: justified in
principle, ib. 2: ownership of surren-
dered slave passes to surrenderee, but
slave may demand manumission if he
can get the damages paid, ib. 3:
some actions noxal legibus, others
edicto praetoris, ib. 4: actio noxalis
caput sequitur, ib. 5: effect of noxia
committed by slave against his own
master, ib. 6: noxae datio as applied
to children in power obsolete under
Justinian, ib. 7: its application in
cases of pauperies, iv. 9.

nuptiae, defined, i. 9. 1: iustae, con-
ditions of, i. 10. pr.: see matrimo-
nium.

O.

re

obligatio, defined, iii. 13. pr.: divided
into civil and praetorian, ib. 1: into
contractual, quasi-contractual, delic-
tual, and quasi-delictual, ib. 2:
contracta, iii. 14: verbis contracta,
iii. 15 (see stipulatio): litteris con-
tracta, iii. 21: consensu contracta, iii.
22. pr. naturalis and civilis, iii. 20.
1: quasi ex contractu, iii. 27: ex
maleficio or delicto, four species, iv.
I. pr.: quasi ex maleficio or delicto,
iv. 5 obligations, how extinguished,
iii. 29: solutio, ib. pr.: acceptilatio,
ib. I novatio, ib. 3: contraria volun-
tas, in consensual contracts, ib. 4.
occupatio of wild animals, ii. 1. 12:
when complete, ib. 13, cf. iv. 9. pr.:
of bees, ii. 1. 14: of pigeons, ib. 15:
of enemies and their property, ib. 17:
of gems and stones found on the sea-
shore, ib. 18: of island rising in the
sea, ib. 22 of treasure trove, ib. 39:
of res derelicta, ib. 47.
optio, legacy of, ii. 20. 23.
orcinus, ii. 24. 2.

ordinaria and extraordinaria iudicia,
iii. 12. pr.: iv. 15. 8.

P.

Papinian, i. 25. 2: i. 26. 7: ii. 1. 8:
ii. 6. 9: ii. 20. 14: ii. 25. 1: iii.
23.7.
parentes, as tutores legitimi, i. 18.
partitio, ii. 23. 5.

patriciatus, i. 12. 4.

patroni, as tutores legitimi, i. 17.
Paulus, ii. 14. pr.
pauperies, iv. 9.
peculium, Justinian's changes in the
law of, ii. 9. 1: iii. 10. 2: iii. 28. pr.:
legacy of, ii. 20. 20: castrense, ii. 9.
1: ii. 12. pr.: quasi-castrense, ii. 11. 6.
perceptio fructuum, see fructus per-
cepti.

performance of contract, impossi-
bility of, iii. 19. 2.

permutatio, a contract distinct from
emptio venditio, iii. 23. 2.
personarum ius, all men free or slaves,
i. 3. pr.: sui or alieni iuris, i. 8. pr.:
those alieni iuris in either dominica
or patria potestas, ib.: those sui iuris
sometimes in tutela or cura, i. 13. pr.
Pertinax, ii. 17. 7.

pignoris capio, i. 24. 3.

pignorum distractio, ii. 8. 1.
pignus, ii. 8. 1: iii. 14. 4: iii. 19. 20:
iv. I. 14: iv. 6. 7: iv. 15. 3.
Pius Antoninus, i. 8. 2: i. 25. 8 and
18: i. 26. 3. 4 and 9: ii. 6. 9: ii. 15.
2: ii. 20. 4.

plebiscitum, defined, i. 2. 4.
plebs, distinguished from populus, i.

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Pomponius, ii. 10. 5.

possessio, meaning of the term, iv. 15.
5: acquisition of, through slaves and
children in power, ii. 9. 3: through
usufructuary slaves, alieni servi bona
fide possessed, and free man bona
fide serviens, ib. 4: through extraneae
personae, ib. 5: possession bona and
mala fide, ii. 6. 3 and 7: pro herede,
iv. 15. 3 pro possessore, ib.: pos-
sessio or praescriptio longi temporis,
ii. 6. pr.: ii. 9. 5.

postliminium, i. 12. 5: i. 20, 2: ii. 1.
17: ii. 12. 5.

postumus, exheredatio of, ii. 13. 1:
persons postumorum loco, ib. 2: in
substitutions, ii. 16. 4: alienus, de-
fined, ii. 20. 26: when a suus heres,
iii. I. 2.

potestas dominica, is iuris gentium,
i. 8. I limited by Pius Antoninus,
ib. 2.

patria, i. 9: peculiar to Rome, ib.

3: over whom it extends, ib.: modes
in which it is extinguished: death of
paterfamilias, i. 12. pr.: deportatio
of parent or child, ib. 1: parent's be-
coming poenae servus, ib. 3: child's
being elevated to patriciate, ib. 4:
capture of parent or child and death
in captivity, ib. 5: emancipation, ib.
6: adoptio plena, ib. 8: case of grand-
child conceived before, but born after,
son's emancipation, i. 12. 9.
praeteritio of sui heredes, etc., ii. 13.
pr.

praetor, heredem facere non potest, iii.
9. 2: fideicommissarius, ii. 23. 3:
praetor's edict, i. 2. 7: i. 12. 6: con-
trasted with lex, iii. 9. 2.
principum placita, have the force of
law, i. 2. 6: their species, ib.
procurator, acquisition through, ii. 9.

5 mode of appointing, iv. 10. 1:
satisdatio by, iv. 11. pr.

prodigus, cui bonorum suorum admi-

nistratio interdicta est, under a cura-
tor, i. 23. 3 cannot make a will, ii.

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relegatio, in insulam, i. 12. 2.
replicatio, iv. 14. pr.
repraesentatio, ii. 20. 14.
rerum ius, ii. 1. pr.

res, in patrimonio or extra patrimo-
nium, ii. 1. pr.: communes, ib. 1:
publicae, ib. 2: universitatis, ib. 6:
res of which the use is public, ib. 4:
res nullius, ib. 7, 12 sq. 17, 18, 22:
res sacrae, ib. 8: religiosae, ib. 9:
sanctae, ib. 10: res singulorum, be-
come so either iure gentium or iure
civili, ib. 11: res corporales, ii. 2. 1:
incorporales, ib. 2 and 3: legacy of,

ii. 20. 21 res mobiles and immo-
biles, different treatment of, ii. 6. pr.,
3 and 7: iv. 15. 4: res fungibiles, iii.
14. pr.

responsa prudentium, i. 1. 8.
restitutio in integrum, iv. 6. 33.
restitutio of inheritance under a fidei-
commissum, ii. 23. 2.

S.

Sabinians and Proculians, ii. 1. 25:
iii. 23. 2: iii. 26. 8.

sanctio, meaning of the term, ii. I. 10.
satisdatio, the old law of, in real

actions, iv. 11. pr.: in personal ac-
tions, ib. I the law in Justinian's
time, when the parties appear in per-
son, ib. 2: where there is a procura-
tor, ib. 3, or a defensor, ib. 5: satis-
datio iudicatum solvi, ib. pr., I, 4
and 5 ratam rem dominum habitu-
rum, ib. pr. and 2.
Scaevola, i. 25. 16.
seashore, common property, ii. 1. 1:
its use public, ib. 5: defined, ib. 3.
semestria, i. 25. I.
senatusconsultum, defined. i. 2. 5:
Afinianum, iii. 1. 14: Claudianum, iii.
12. 1: Largianum, iii. 7. 4: Mace-
donianum, iv. 7. 7: Orfitianum, iii.
4 Pegasianum, iii. 23. 4 and 7:
Rufi et Scapulae, iii. 8. pr. and 3:
Tertullianum, iii. 3: Trebellianum,
iii. 23. 4 and 6.
servitudes, are res incorporales, ii, 2.
3 rustic, ii. 3. pr. and 2: urban, ib.
1: meaning of 'praedial' servitudes,
ib. 3: modes of creating servitudes,
ib. 4.

Servius, i. 13. I.

servus, nullum habet caput, i. 16. 4:
as heir or legatee, ii. 9. 3: adultery
of, with free woman, ii. 14. pr. iii.
II ordinarius and vicarius, ii. 20.
17: iv. 7. 4: stipulations of, iii. 17.
Severus, i. 25. 18: i. 26. 3. 4 and 9:
ii. 6. 9 and 13: ii. 9. 5: ii. 10. 7:
ii. 14. pr. ii. 17. 3 and 8: ii. 20. 5,
12, 15 and 20: ii. 25. I.
slavery, originates in ius gentium, but
contrary to ius naturale, i. 2. 2: i. 3.
2 modes in which persons become
slaves, ib. 4: slaves all of one con.
dition, ib. 5: see servus.
societas, either tutorum bonorum or
unius alicuius negotiationis, iii. 25.
pr. shares of profit and loss, how
ascertained, ib. 1-3: modes in which
societas terminates: renunciation, ib.
4: death of socius, ib. 5: completion
of the business for which the partner-

ship was formed, ib. 6: publicatio of
the property of a partner, ib. 7, or
his insolvency, ib. 8: obligations of
partners inter se, ib. 9: beneficium
competentiae, iv. 6. 38.
solidary obligation, iii. 20. 4.
solum Italicum, ii. 6. pr.: ii. 8. pr.
solutio, iii. 29. pr.: per errorem, a case
of real, iii. 14. 1, or rather quasi-con-
tractual obligation, iii. 27. 6: solutio
per errorem of legacies, ii. 20. 25.
specificatio, ii. 1. 25.
sportulae, iv. 6. 24.

spurii, i. 10. 2: have cognates, but not
agnates, iii. 5. 4.

status, see capitis deminutio: status
controversia, i. 25. 12.

stipendiaria praedia, ii. I. 40.
stipulatio, defined, iii. 15. pr.: form
of, under the older law, ib. 1: greater
freedom introduced by Leo, ib., cf. iii.
19. 5 and 7: puré, in diem, and sub
condicione, iii. 15. 2: stipulation for
periodical payment, theoretically pura,
ib. 3: conditional, defined, ib, 4 and
6: for factio, as distinguished from
datio, best secured by a penalty, ib.
7: correi stipulandi and promittendi,
iii. 16: stipulation of slave, iii. 17.
pr.: personal to slave, if for a 'fac-
tum,' ib. 2: stipulation of slave jointly
owned, ib. 3 iii. 28. 3: stipulationes
iudiciales, iii. 18. 1: praetoriae and
aediliciae, ib. 2: conventionales, ib.
3: communes, ib. 4: what may be
stipulated for, iii. 19. pr.: stipula-
tions, why void: on account of non-
existence of their subject, ib. I, or
performance being otherwise impos-
sible in nature or law, ib. 2: because
performance is promised from a per-
son not a party to the contract, ib. 3,
or to a person not a party to the
contract, nor having promisee in his
potestas, ib. 4: on account of want
of correspondence between question
and answer, ib. 5. cf. 18: because
made between master and slave, or
pater and filiusfamilias, ib. 6: be-
cause a party is deaf or dumb, ib. 7,
or insane, ib. 8, or impubes in potes-
tas, ib. 10: because of impossible
condition, ib. 11: because inter ab-
sentes, ib. 12: on account of mis-
understanding between the parties, ib.
23: because immoral, ib. 24: stipu-
lation for performance to stipulator
or a third person, or to stipulator
and a third person, ib. 4: for per-
formance after death of promisor
or promisee, made valid by Justinian,
ib. 13: for performance after death

of third person, ib. 16: at death of
promisor or promisee, ib. 15: prae-
postera, ib. 14: on behalf of third
person, void unless secured by a
penalty, ib. 9, or unless promisee has
an interest in performance, ib. 20:
promise on behalf of third person,
not binding unless secured by a
penalty, ib. 21: for delivery of pro-
perty on its becoming promisee's
own, ib. 22: death of promisor before
fulfilment of condition, ib. 25: sti-
pulatio Aquiliana, iii. 29. 2.
substitutio pupillaris, ii. 16. pr.: an
institution of customary law, ib.:
unum testamentum duarum heredi-
tatum, ib. 2: precautions to be taken
in, ib. 3: allowable even when the
child is disinherited, ib. 4: not al-
lowed, unless testator makes a will
for himself, ib. 5: flexibility of, ib.
6: form of, ib. 7: avoided by child's
reaching puberty, ib. 8: cffects of,
how far producible where an extra-
neus or pubes filius is instituted,
ib. 9.

substitutio quasi-pupillaris, ii. 16. 1.
substitutio vulgaris, its nature, ii. 15.
pr.: flexibility, ib. 1. 2 and 3: to
servus alienus believed to be sui iuris,
ib. 4.

suspecti crimen, i. 26. pr.: see tutor.

T.

telum, defined, iv. 18. 5.
testamentifactio, ii. 10. 6: ii. 14. 2:
ii. 19. 4 ii. 20. 24.
testamentum, derived, ii. 10. pr.:
comitiis calatis and in procinctu, ib.
I per aes et libram, ib. praetorian
will, attested by seals of seven wit-
nesses, ib. 2: testamentum triperti-
tum. ib. 3: further requirement of
Justinian, ib. 4: any seal sufficient,
ib. 5: material on which will may be
written, ib. 12: duplicate copies, ib.
13: nuncupative will, ib. 14: will of
quasi-castrense peculium, ii. 11. 6:
who cannot make a will: filiifamilias,
except of castrense or quasi-castrense
peculium, ii. 12. pr.: impuberes and
furiosi, ib. 1: prodigi, ib. 2: deaf,
dumb, and blind persons, except
under prescribed special forms, ib.
3 and 4: captivi, while in captivity,
ib. 5: how a testament becomes rup-
tum by quasi-adgnatio of suus heres,
ii. 17. 1 by execution of a later will,
ib. 2, even if the heir of the latter be
instituted only ex certis rebus, ib. 3:
will becomes irritum by capitis de-

minutio of testator, ib. 4, though in
some cases upheld by the praetor, ib.
6: not avoided by mere intention to
revoke, ib. 7 will of libertus, iii. 7.
I sq. testamentum inofficiosum, see
querella: militare, see military tes-
tament.

Tiberius, i. II. II: ii. 15. 4.
tignum, meaning of, ii. 1. 29.
traditio, a natural mode of acquisition,
ii. 1. 40: the universal mode of con-
veying res corporales, ib.: may be
made by an agent with owner's con-
sent, ib. 42: e.g. by a general ma-
nager, ib. 43: where not necessary
for transfer of ownership, ib. 44 and
45 to incerta persona, ib. 46.
Trajan, ii. 11. 1: ii. 12. pr.: iii. 7. 4.
translatio of legacies, ii. 21. I.
Trebatius, ii. 25. pr.

trespass, in pursuit of wild animals,
ii. 1. 12.

Tribonian, proem: i. 5. 3: ii. 8. 2:
ii. 23. 12.

tributoria praedia, ii. I. 40.
triplicatio, iv. 14. 2.

tutela, i. 13. pr.: defined, ib. 1: ad-
gnatorum, i. 15: belongs only to the
nearest degree, i. 16. 7: patronorum,
i. 17: parentium, i. 18: fiduciaria, i.
19: impuberum, based on natural
law, i. 20. 6: modes in which tutela
terminates, i. 22: by pupil's attaining
puberty, ib. pr.: adrogatio, deporta-
tio, capture in war, etc., ib. 1: fulfil-
ment of condition, etc., ib. 2 and 5:
death of pupil or tutor, ib. 3: capitis
deminutio, ib. 4: removal on suspi-
cion, grounds of excuse, etc., ib. 6:
tutela a munus publicum, i. 25. pr.
tutor, i. 13. 2: may be appointed by
will, ib. 3, even to postumi, ib. 4:
to an emancipated child only with
magistrate's approval, ib. 5: who
may be appointed, i. 14: incertae
personae cannot, ii. 20. 25 and 27:
appointment ad tempus, ex tempore,
sub condicione, etc., i. 14. 3: ap-
pointment certae rei or causae not
good, ib. 4: tutor Atilianus, i. 20.
pr.: ex lege Iulia et Titia, ib.: tutors
of these latter kinds often appointed
temporarily, ib. 1 and 2: later mode
of appointment in default of testa-
mentary tutor, ib. 3: in Justinian's
time, ib. 4 responsibility of tutor at
end of term of office, ib. 7: case of
action between tutor and pupil: lat-
ter must have a curator ad litem, i.
21. 3: tutoris actor, i. 23. 6: tutorum
satisdatio, i. 24: iv. 11. pr.: what
tutors are exempted from giving sa-

tisdatio, i. 24. pr.: offer of satisdatio
to secure sole administration, ib. 1:
iii. 19. 20: procedure where none of
several tutors offers, i. 24. 1: liability
of magistrates who appoint, ib. 2−4:
grounds of excuse from serving the
office, see curator: tutor cannot be
compelled to become curator to same
ward, i. 25. 18, or man to his own
wife, ib. 19: removal of tutor on sus-
picion, i. 26: who can remove, ib. 1,
and be removed, ib. 2: the actio sus-
pecti tutoris quasi-publica, ib. 3, but
cannot be brought by an impubes,
ib. 4 meaning of suspectus, ib. 5. 9
and 13: interdiction of administration
during the action, ib. 7: tutor's obli-
gation to maintain pupil, ib. 9 and
10: punishment of, by praefectus
urbis, ib. 10 and 11: offer of security
by tutor, no bar to his removal on
suspicion, ib. 12: tutor and pupil,
relation between is quasi-contractual,
iii. 27. 2.

Twelve Tables, the, on tutela, i. 15.
pr.: i. 17: on curatio adgnatorum, i.
23. 6: on suspecti crimen, i. 26. pr.:
on the actio de tigno iniuncto, ii. 1.
29: on sale, ii. 1. 41: on usucapio of
res furtivae, ii. 6. 2: on legacy, ii. 22.
pr.: on intestate succession, ii. 13. 5:
iii. 1. 1. 9 and 15: iii. 2. pr., 3 and 5:
iii. 3. pr. and 2: iii. 5. 1 and 5: iii. 7.
pr. iii. 9. 2: iii. 10. pr.: on iniuria,
iv. 4. 7: on pauperies, iv. 9. 4: Gaius'
work on, iv. 18. 5.

U.

usucapio, a civil mode of acquisition,
ii. 6. pr. Justinian's changes in the
law of, ib.: what cannot be acquired
by, ib. 1 and 2: of moveables, rare,
ib. 3 cases of it, ib. 4, 5 and 6: of
immoveables, easier: how effected, ib.
7: of res furtivae or vi possessae, how
possible, ib. 8: of res fisci, ib. 9: the
thing to be acquired must have no
vitium, ib. 10: error falsae causae,
fatal to, ib. 11: continuatio temporis
in, ib. 12 and 13.

Uu

usus, a personal servitude created and
extinguished in same ways as usus-
fructus, ii. 5. pr.: a less right than
the latter, ib. 1: rights of usuary of
a house, ib. 2: usus intransferable,
ib. 3 usus of slave, ib.: of cattle, ib.
4 not extinguished by capitis demi-
nutio minima, iii. 10. 1.
ususfructus, ii. 1. 36: duty of usu-
fructuary to act as bonus paterfami-
lias, ib. 38: defined, ii. 4. pr.: modes

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