who can sue, if res commodata is stolen, iv. 1. 16. compensatio, originally allowed only
in bonae fidei actions: extended to those stricti iuris by a rescript of M. Aurelius: Justinian's changes, iv. 6.30: ib. 39.
condemnatio in an action: must be certae pecuniae or rei, iv. 6. 32. condicio, in connection with dies, i. 20. 1 i. 15. 2: iii. 16. 2: iii. 19. 5 iii. 26. 12: iii. 29. 3: iv. 6. 33. condictio, on mutuum, iii. 14. pr. and I on stipulatio, iii. 15. pr.: origin and definition of, iv. 6. 15: furtiva, iv. 1. 19: ii. 1. 26: iv. 6. 14: inde- biti, iii. 14. 1, cf. iii. 27. 6: cases of solutio per errorem in which it is excluded, iii. 27. 7.
conditions in institution of heir, ii. 14. 9: in legacies, iii. 20. 32 and 33: impossible, in wills, ii. 14. 10: in stipulations, iii. 19. 11: alternative and conjunctive conditions in wills, ii. 14. 11.
consilium, in manumissions, i. 6. distinguished from mandatum, iii. 26. 6.
consolidatio, ii. 4. 3.
constitutio Antonini, i. 8. 2.
Justiniani, i. 5. 3: i. 6. 2: i. 7. pr. i. 10. pr. and 13: i. 11. 3 and 12: i. 12. 4, ib. 6: i. 19: i. 20. 5: i. 22. pr. i. 25. 13: ii. 1.8 and 40: ii. 4. 3 ii. 6. pr. and 14: ii. 7. 1. 2. 3 and 4 ii. 8. 1 and 2: ii. 9. 1: ii. 11. pr. and 6: ii. 12. 3: ii. 13. 5: ii. 14. pr.: ii. 16. 1: ii. 18. 2, 3 and 6: ii. 19. 6: ii. 20. 2, 23, 27, 34, 35 and 36: ii. 23. 12: iii. 1. 2, 14 and 16: iii. 2. 3. 4. 7 and 8: iii. 3. 4: iii. 6. 10: iii. 7. 3 and 4: iii. 9. 4 and 5: iii. 1o. I iii. 11. 7: iii. 19. 12: iii. 21. pr. iii. 23. pr.: iii. 27. 7: iii. 28. pr. iii. 29. 3: iv. 6. 8, 24, 25, 30, 33: iv. 13. 2: iv. 16. 1: iv. 18. 8.
Leoniana, iii. 15. I. Severi, iii. 9. 5.
Zenonis, ii. 6. 14: iv. 4. 10: iv. 6. 34: iv. 13. 10.
constitutiones, defined, i. 2. 6: gene- rales and personales, ib. constitutum, the action on, iv. 6. 9. construction of terms in a will, i. 14. 5. continuatio dominii, in succession of
sui heredes ab intestato. iii. 1. 13: temporis, in usucapio, ii. 6. 12 and 13. contracts, the four kinds of, iii. 13. 2: most of them originate in the ius gen- tium, i. 2. 2: innominate, iii. 24. I
and 2 performance of, in respect of place, iii. 15. 5, and of time, iii. 19. 26 and 27: impossibility of perform- ance, ib. 2: see obligatio. contracts of slaves and children in power, liability of master and pater on, iv. 7: the actio quod iussu, ib. 1: actiones exercitoria and institoria, ib. 2: tributoria, ib. 3: de peculio et in rem verso, ib. 4: plaintiff generally has option between some of these remedies: their respective advantages, ib. 5 sometimes can bring condictio as alternative, ib. 8. contumacia, iv. 17. 6.
correi promittendi and stipulandi, iii. 16.
costs of suit, iv. 16. 1.
criminal prosecutions, sec iudicia publica.
cura, a munus publicum, i. 25. pr. curator, i. 21. 3: who have curators: minors, i. 23. pr.: furiosi and pro- digi, ib. 3 idiots, deaf, dumb, etc, ib. 4 curator, where appointed, in addition to tutor, ib. 5: mode of appointment, ib. 1 and 3: cannot be forced on a minor 'praeterquam in litem,' ib. 2 can be appointed ad certam causam, ib.: satisdatio of, i. 24: iv. 11. pr.: competition for sole administration between two or more curators, 1. 24. 1: procedure where none of several curators offers satis- datio, ib.: magistrates responsible for their appointments, ib. 2-4: grounds of excuse from serving the office of curator or tutor, i. 25: viz. having a certain number of children, ib. pr.: being employed by the fiscus, ib. 1: absence rei publicae causa, ib. 2: lis de omnibus bonis vel hereditate be- tween ward and tutor or curator, ib. 4 already serving three such offices, ib. 5 poverty, ib. 6: extreme ill- health, ib. 7: want of education, ib. 8: malicious appointment by pater, ib. 9: irreconcileable enmity with pater, ib. 11, or 'status controversia,' ib. 12: old age or minority, ib. 13: being a soldier, ib. 14, or a gramma- ticus, rhetorician or physician intra numerum,' ib. 15: allegation of ex- cuse, how and when to be made, ib. 16. customary Law (ius non scriptum, di- uturni mores), i. 2. 9: ii. 16. pr.: iii. 10. pr. iv. 17. pr.
damnum iniuria datum, governed by the lex Aquilia, iv. 3. pr.: its first
chapter (unlawful killing of slaves and certain animals) and penalty, ib.: animals hereunder included, ib. 1: ' unlawful killing' more precisely de- fined, ib. 2: illustrations, ib. 4-8: does not include accident, ib. 3: lia- bility for culpa under the statute, ib.: meaning of the penalty, ib. 9: exten- sion of the statute by construction, ib. 10: plaintiff may elect between civil remedy and a criminal prosecution, ib. 11 second chapter of the statute obsolete, ib. 12: third chapter, relat- ing to all other kinds of damnum, ib. 13: penalty under, ib. 14, 15: iv. 6. 19 actio utilis or in factum under, iv. 3. 16.
dediticii, i. 5. 3: iii. 7. 4. deductio de peculio, iv. 7. 4. defensor, iv. 11. 5: defensores civita- tum, i. 20. 5.
deportatio in insulam, i. 12. I: i. 22. 1: iv. 18. 2, 7, 8 and 9. depositum, iii. 14. 3: no set-off allow- ed in action on, iv. 6. 30: miserabile, iv. 6. 17 and 23.
derelictum, what is, ii. 1. 47 and 48. dies, see condicio: dies cedit, ii. 20. 20 and 32: venit, ii. 15. 2.
Digest, the, references to, i. 10. 11: iii. 23. 2: iv. 6. 2, 5 and 37: iv. 13. 6: iv. 14. 3: iv. 18. 12. dignitas, loss of, no capitis deminutio, i. 16. 5.
diligentia, iii. 14. 2. 3 and 4: iii. 24. 5 iii. 25. 9: iii. 27. 1: iv. 1. 17. dispensator, iii. 26. 10. divi fratres, i. 25. 6.
dolus and culpa, iii. 23. 3: iii. 25. 9: iv. 1. 17: iv. 3. 3 and 14. donatio, inter vivos, differs from that mortis causa in the difficulty of revo- cation, ii. 7. 2: necessity of traditio for, ib. insinuatio in acta, how far necessary, ib. in certain cases revo- cable, ib. mortis causa, defined, ib. 1 assimilated in legal treatment to legacy, ib. propter nuptias, ib. 3. dos, 10. 12: ii. 7. 3: ii. 20. 15: iii. i. 2: iii. 19. 4: iii. 24. 3: actions for recovery of, iv. 6. 39.
dotale praedium, lex Iulia relating to, ii. 8. pr. new legislation of Justin- ian, ib.
dotis exactio, i. 10. 12.
retentio, iv. 6. 37. duplicatio, iv. 14. I.
electio in legacies, ii. 20. 22: in alter- native stipulation, iv. 6. 33.
emancipati, their rights in intestate succession, iii. 1. 9: rights of eman- cipator, iii. 2. 8. emancipation, old form of, i. 12. 6: by imperial rescript, ib.: Justinian's changes in the law of, ib. rights of emancipator over emancipatus, ib.: cannot be enforced by children, ib. 9: its effect on the peculium, ii. 9. 2: pater allowed to retain usufruct of half, ib. emancipation under Justin- ian always implies a fiducia, iii. 2. 8. emphyteusis, iii. 24. 3: the law of Zeno confirmed by Justinian, ib. emptio venditio, the contract con- cluded as soon as the price is agreed on, iii. 23. pr., except where the par- ties agree that it shall be in writing: Justinian's change, ib.: vendor not bound to convey unless the price is paid, or security or credit given, ii. 1. 41 where fixing of the price is left to a third person, iii. 23. I: price must be in money: former doubts whether exchange was a distinct con- tract, ib. 2 periculum rei venditae, ib. 3 conditional sales, ib. 4: pur- chase of things extra commercium : remedy of purchaser if deceived by vendor, ib. 5.
exceptio, a form of defence to an action, iv. 13. pr.: in some cases statutory, in others praetorian, ib. 7: perpetua or peremptoria, ib. 9: tem- poralis or dilatoria, ib. 10: effect of prosecution of suit in face of the latter, ib., iv. 6. 33: ex persona di- latoria, iv. 13. 11: exceptio of prin- cipal debtor usually available to his surety, iv. 14. 4.
exceptio doli mali, ii. 1. 30, 32, 33 and 34: iv. 13. I.
in factum composita, iv. 13. 1. iurisiurandi, iv. 13. 4. metus causa, iv. 13. 1. nisi bonis cesserit, iv. 14. 4. pacti conventi, iii. 15. 3: iv. 13. 3. pecuniae non numeratae, iii. 21: iv. 13. 2.
procuratoria, iv. 13. 11.
rei a fisco emptae, etc., ii. 6. 13. rei iudicatae, iv. 13. 5. exheredatio, of filiusfamilias, must be made nominatim, ii. 13. pr.: of daughters, grandchildren, etc., in power, may be made inter ceteros, ib. of postumi, ib. 1: of persons postumorum loco, ib. 2: of emanci- pati, required by the praetor, ib. 3 and 4 of adoptive children, ib. 4: Justinian's changes in the law of, ib. 5: not necessary in a military tes-
tament, ib. 6: nor in will of mother or maternal ancestor, ib. 7. extinctae res, ii. 1. 26.
fideicommissarii, may witness will under which they take, ii. 10. II. fideicommissum, impossible condition in, taken pro non scripto, ii. 14. 10: at first less strictly interpreted than legacy, ii. 20. 3: to incertae personae, ib. 25 to be executed after heir's or fideicommissarius' death, ib. 35: ori- ginally not binding in law, ii. 23. 1: made binding by Augustus, ib.: con- ditions of, under a will, ib. 2: fidei- commissa pura, sub condicione, and ex die certo, ib.: position of fidei- commissarius, as quasi-heir or quasi- legatee, ib. 3: relation between heres and fideicommissarius under the SC". Trebellianum and Pegasianum, ib. 5. 19: case of heres being directed to retain some single thing, equal to, more, or less than his fourth, ib. 9: fideicommissa ab intestato, ib. 10: fideicommissarius may himself be made fiduciarius, ib. 11: method of proving fideicommissa ab intestato, ib. 12: fideicommissa of res singulae, may be imposed on legatee as well as on heir, ii. 24. pr.: what may be given in this way, ib. I usual form of fideicommissa, ib. 3. fideiussio, can precede the principal obligation, iii. 20. 3: mode of creat- ing in Greek, ib. 7: document in evi- dence of, proof of the contract, ib. 8. fideiussors, iii. 20. pr.: can be added to any obligation, civil or natural, ib.
their contract binds their heirs, ib. 2: cofideiussors bound each in solidum, ib. 4: cannot be bound for more than the principal debt, ib. 5: meaning of 'more,' ib.: paying fide- iussor has actio mandati against his principal, ib. 6: can generally plead exceptiones open to his principal, iv. 14. 4.
fiducia, in emancipations, iii. 2. 8. filiusfamilias, contracts of, iii, 19. 6: iv. 7 delicts of, iv. 8. 7. fiscus, usucapio of property of, ii. 6. 9: purchase of res alienae from, ib. 14: change in the law by Zeno, ib.: suc- cession by, to reus perduellionis, iii. 1.5 to intestate persons, iii. II. I. freemen, either ingenui or libertini, i. 3.5.
fructus, become property of usufruc-
tuary only by perceptio: what the
term comprehends, ib. 37: fructus consumpti, ii. 1. 35: iv. 17. 2 and 4: fructus percepti, belong to bona fide possessor, ii. 1. 35: cf. iv. 17. 2 and 4. furiosus, consent of, not necessary for his children's marriage, i. 10. pr.: as tutor, i. 14. 2: cannot make a will, except in a lucid interval, ii. 12. 1: cannot witness a will, ii. 10. 6: con- tracts of, iii. 19. 8.
furtum, derived, iv. 1. 2: defined, ib. I implies animus furandi, ii. 6. 5: iv. 1. 7 and 18: the kinds of, ib. 3: ma- nifestum and nec manifestum, ib.: conceptum, oblatum, prohibitum, and non exhibitum, obsolete in Justinian's time, ib. 4: penalties for, ib. 5: in connection with commodatum and pignus, ib. 6 and 7: with servus corruptus, ib. 8: of free persons, ib. 9: of res sua, ib. 10: of domestic ani- mals, ii. 1. 16: law of, in relation to res extinctae, ib. 26: furtum of pro- perty thrown out to lighten a vessel, ib. 48: usucapio in relation to, ii. 6. 2, 3, 4 and 6: of immoveables, im- possible, ib. 7: accomplices in fur- tum, iv. 1. 11: assistance necessary as well as advice to render an accom- plice liable, ib.: by filiusfamilias or slave, of property of pater or domi- nus, ib. 12: by impubes, ib. 18: the different actions on, ib. 19: iv. 6, 14 and 18.
Gaius, iv. 18. 5. Gallus Aquilius, iii. 29. 2. Gordian, ii. 19. 6.
habitatio, a ius in re aliena distinct from usus and ususfructus: its ex- tent, ii. 5. 5.
Hadrian, ii. 1. 39: ii. 10. 7: ii. 12. pr. ii. 19. 6: ii. 20. 25: iii. 3. 2: epistola of, iii. 20. 4. hereditas, either ex testamento or ab intestato, ii. 9. 6: mode of calculating the shares in, ii. 14. 5-8: damnosa, ii. 19. 5 legitima, ii. 19. 7. heres, his obligation to discharge lega- cies quasi contractual, iii. 27. 5.
extraneus, ii. 19.3: must have tes- tamentifactio at three times, ib. 4: is entitled to an interval for deliberation, ib. 5 after aditio made cannot re- linquish unless a minor, ib.: certain earlier exceptions to this rule, ib. 6, which is much modified by Justinian's introduction of the inventory, ib.: modes of acceptance and refusal, ib. 7.
heres necessarius, ii. 14. 1: defined, ii. 19. 1: his beneficium separationis,' ib. suus et necessarius, defined, and the name explained, ii. 19. 2: iii. 1. 2 and 8: permitted by the praetor to abstain from the inheritance, but not after immixtio, ib. 5: need not make aditio on intestacy, but succeeds ipso iure, iii. 1. 3: females as sui, repre- sented by their children after decease, iii. 1. 15 and 16: suus heres iure postliminii, iii. 1. 4: suus heres bar- red from the succession where the ancestor has been adjudged guilty of treason, ib. 5.
households of the emperor and em- press, ii. 6. 14.
hypotheca, ii. 6. 14: distinguished from pignus, iv. 6. 7: tacit, of wife, for restoration of dos, ib. 29: of dotale praedium, ii. 8. pr.: as security in an action, iv. 11. 4.
inaedificatio, a species of accessio, ii. I. 29 and 30.
incertae personae, defined, ii. 20. 25: traditio to, ii. 1. 46: sub certa de- monstratione, ii. 20. 25. infamia, of tutor removed for dolus, i. 26, 6: the penalty of condemnation in certain actions, iv. 16. 2. infantia, iii. 19. 10. ingenui, who are, i. 4. pr. ingenuitas, intermediate slavery no bar to, i. 4. I.
iniuria, defined, iv. 4. pr.: comprises abuse, libel, etc., ib. 1: through whom it may be suffered: children in power and wife, ib. 2: slaves, ib. 3: to joint-owners through servus com- munis, ib. 4: iniuria through usufruc- tuary slave, ib. 5: to free man or alienus servus bona fide serviens or possessed, ib. 6: penalty of, accord- ing to the XII Tables, altered by the praetor, ib. 7: lex Cornelia on, ib. 8: iniuria atrox, defined, ib. 9: plaintiff can choose between civil and crimi- nal remedy, ib. 10: viri illustres may bring or defend criminal prosecution through a procurator, ib.: accessor- ies, ib. 11: right to sue extinguished by dissimulatio, ib. 12.
in ius vocatio of parent or patron without praetor's permission, iv. 6. 12: iv. 16. 3. insinuatio, see acta.
institutio of heir, ii. 14: who may be
instituted, ib. pr. and 12: institution of servus proprius and alienus, ib. pr.:
effect of manumission and alienation on institution of slave, ib. 1: institu- tion of servus hereditarius, or one belonging to an unknown person, ib. 2: of slave owned in common, ib. 3: of postumus alienus, ii. 20. 28: of the emperor for improper purposes, ii. 17. 8: any number of heirs may be instituted, ii. 14. 4: institutio sub condicione, ex tempore, and ad tem- pus, ib. 9: impossible condition in institution taken pro non scripto, ib. 10: institution preceded by legacies or manumissions, ii. 20. 34: poenae nomine, ib. 36.
interdicts, their nature, iv. 15. pr.: most usual in disputes about posses- sion, ib.: prohibitory, restitutory and exhibitory, ib. I adipiscendae pos- sessionis, ib. 3: retinendae possessi- onis, ib. 4: recuperandae possessionis, ib. 6: simple and double, ib. 7: pro- cedure, ib. 8. interdictum quorum bonorum, iv. 15. 3. Salvianum, iv. 15. 3. unde vi, iv. 15. 6.
uti possidetis, iv. 15. 4 and 7. utrubi, iv. 15. 4 and 7. interpretatio of the XII Tables, i. 17: iv. 18. 5 of the lex Aquilia, iv. 3. 10. intestacy, defined, iii. 1. pr.: succes- sion on, given by the XII Tables first to sui heredes, iii. I. 1, division among them being per stirpes, ib. 6: time to ascertain who is suus heres, ib. 7; given by the XII Tables after sui to the nearest agnate, iii. 2. pr.: time to ascertain who is nearest agnate, ib. 1 and 6: no successio graduum among agnates till Justinian, ib. 7: succes- sion of mother to children under SC. Tertullianum, iii. 3: her rights en- larged by Justinian, ib. 4 and 5, sub- ject to her duty of procuring them tutors if impuberes, ib. 6: succession of children to mother under SC. Orfi- tianum, iii. 4: succession after sui and agnates or those adgnatorum loco given by the praetor to cognates, iii. 5. pr. meaning of intestacy in con- nection with tutela legitima adgna- torum, i. 15. 2.
inundatio, effect of on title to land, ii. I. 24.
inventory, the, ii. 19. 6. iudex, his duties, iv. 5. pr.: iv. 17: to decide according to law and custom, ib. pr. in noxal actions, ib. 1: in real actions, ib. 2: in actio ad exhi- bendum, ib. 3: in actio familiae er- ciscundae, ib. 4: communi dividundo, ib. 5 finium regundorum, ib. 6.
iudicia, omnia absolutoria, iv. 12. 2: omnia hodie extraordinaria, iii. 12. pr.: iv. 15. 8.
iudicia publica, contrasted with civil suits, iv. 18. pr.: meaning of the term 'public,' ib. 1: some of them are capital, ib. 2. iuris praecepta, i. I. 3. iurisprudentia, defined, i. I. I. ius, divided into publicum and priva- tum, i. I. 4: publicum defined, ib.: privatum defined, ib. is tripertitum, ib.: naturale, defined, i. 2. pr.: civile, distinguished from ius gentium, i. 2. I its two species, ib. 10: subject to change, ib. 11: gentium, proceeds from naturalis ratio, i. 2. 1: is com- mon to all men, ib. 2, and unchange- able, ib. II: identified with ius natu- rale, ii. 1. 11: older than ius civile, ib. scriptum and non scriptum, i. 2. 3: six sources of the former, ib: honorarium, i. 2. 7: Romanum, its three main heads, personarum, rerum and actionum, i. 3. pr.
ius adcrescendi, a civil mode of ac- quisition, ii. 7. 4: the law relating to, altered by Justinian, ib.: under a will, in consequence of praeteritio of suus heres, ii. 13. pr.: among legitimi heredes on intestacy, iii. 4. 4. iusiurandum taken by litigants, iv. 16. 1: de calumnia, ib. iusta causa manumissionis, i. 6. 4-6: adquisitionis, ii. 1. 35 ii. 6. pr.: possessionis, ii. 6. pr. and 10. Iustinus, ii. 7. 3: ii. 12. 4. iustitia, defined, i. 1. pr.
Labeo, ii. 25. pr. Latini Iuniani, i. 5. 3: succession to, iii. 7. 4 modified by the SC. Largi- anum and an edict of Trajan, ib.: Latinitas abolished by Justinian, ib. legacy, wrongly placed in the Insti- tutes, ii. 20. pr.: defined, ib. 1: the four old forms of, ib. 2: all assimi- lated, and made recoverable by iden- tical remedies, ib. : placed by Justin- ian on the same footing with fidei- commissa, ib. 3: iii. 27. 7: what things may be bequeathed, ii. 20. 4: burden of proof on legatee, ib.: le- gacy of thing in pledge, and heir's obligation to redeem, ib. 5 of res aliena, when legatee becomes its owner vivo testatore, ib. 6: legacy of same thing to same person in two different wills, ib. of non-existent thing, ib. 7: of the same thing to two persons
coniunctim and disiunctim, ib. 8: of fundus alienus, in which legatee al- ready has usufruct by causa lucrativa, ib. 9: of res legatarii, void, ib. 10: of res sua quasi aliena, ib. II: ali- enation or mortgage in whole or part by testator of thing previously be- queathed, ib. 12: legacy of release from a debt, or of extension of time for payment, ib. 13: of money already owed, whether puré, in diem, or sub condicione. ib. 14: of dos from hus- band to wife, ib. 15: destruction or deterioration of res legata, without fault of the heir, ib. 16: manumission by heir of slave bequeathed by testa- tor, ib. legacy of ancilla with chil- dren, of slave with peculium, of farm with stock, of ordinarius servus with vicarii, ib. 17: of flock of sheep, ib. 18: of house with fixtures, ib. 19: of a peculium, ib. 20: of res incorpor- ales, e. g. a nomen, ib. 21: election in legacies, ib. 22: legatum optionis, ib. 23: the law changed by Justinian, ib. legacies void from want of tes- tamentifactio in legatee, ib. 24: so too formerly if legatee were an in- certa persona, ib. 25, or a postumus alienus, ib. 26: Justinian's change in the law, ib. 27: mistake in name of heir or legatee, ib. 29: falsa demon- stratio in legacy, ib. 30: falsa causa, ib. 31: legacy to slave of the heir, ib. 32: to master of instituted slave, ib. 33: legalisation by Justinian of legacy before institution of the heir, ib. 34: legacy to be paid after death of heir or legatee, not lawful before Justin- ian, ib. 35: legacy given or transfer- red poenae nomine, ib. 36: impossible condition in legacy, taken pro non scripto, ii. 14. 10: ademptio of lega- cies, ii. 21. pr.: translatio, ib. 1: li- mitation of legacies by leges Furia, Voconia, and Falcidia, ii. 22. pr.: in singulis heredibus ratio legis Falci- diae ponenda est, ib. 1: time of esti- mating the Falcidian fourth, ib. 2: funeral expenses, etc. first deducted from the estate, ib. 3: legacy per damnationem, iii. 27. 7.
legatees, can witness the will under which they take, ii. 10. 11: partiary, ii. 25. 5.
legitima pars: see quarta e lege Fal- cidia.
legitimation, modes of, i. 10. 13: effect of, in making children sui he- redes, iii. 1. 2. Lentulus, ii. 25. pr.
Leo, iii. 15. 1: iii. 19. 14.
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