of Wines & Worden's store. He was one of the most energetic and thorough business men of the village, and if his life had been spared the development and history of Ann Arbor would probably have been different in some respects from what it actually has been. He was determined the future city of Ann Arbor should be on the north side of the Huron River, and at one time he seemed likely to succeed. In 1832 he obtained the appointment of postmaster and removed the postoffice to the lower village. This movement caused great excitement among the upper villagers. He brought up the mail in his hat to the upper village and distributed the mail to the people on the streets. A meeting of the citizens of the upper village was held in 1834 for the purpose of recommending to the Postmaster General the appointment of another postmaster, not because there was any personal objection to Brown, but in order to secure its return to the upper village. That meeting recommended Charles Thayer, who still resides with us on Huron street. The petition was sent to Washington for his appointment and it was received September 30, 1834. A short time previous to this Mr. Brown had died of cholera, and Thayer took possession of the postoffice, and soon after removed it to the upper village. By the death of Brown and the loss of the post office the growth of the lower village was permanently crippled. "Huron block," on the southeast side of Broadway, was built in 1834 by Brown & Fuller, about the time Brown died. In 1832 Justice Gooding built the Washtenaw House, and in 1834 Dr. Kellogg's building was built by Chester Ingalls.

In 1832 the Indian chief Black Hawk declared war against the white people, and the soldiers commanded by Gen. Scott brought the cholera to Michigan. These two calamities, an Indian war and the cholera, impeded the growth of the early settlements of Michigan for several years. But few immigrants came into the Territory and in fact were prevented from coming to Washtenaw county by armed men stationed on the road leading into Ypsilanti from the east. This precautionary measure was ridiculed at the time, but as there were no cases of cholera at Ypsilanti or Ann Arbor it was claimed this action of the authorities alone prevented its spread among the settlers of these towns. Other places which did not take such measures were visited by the cholera and many of the settlers fell victims to this fatal disease. In 1834 the cholera again made its appearance in Michigan. No stringent measures were at this time taken by the authorities of the village and it soon appeared in Ann Arbor, and several persons became its victims. Among them was Anson Brown, the hero of the lower village above mentioned. It should be stated here that Mr. Brown was greatly assisted in his enterprises by his partner in real estate transactions, Mr. Edward L. Fuller. He was one of the most energetic, persevering, and persistent business men of the village. When the California "gold fever" broke out among the people of Ann Arbor in 1846, Mr. Fuller went to California and died soon after he arrived there.

The first newspaper published in Ann Arbor was called "The Emigrant," and first appeared in 1829. It was published by Mr. Simpson. It soon passed into the hands of Judge Dexter and became the organ of the Anti-Masonic party, and was then called "The Western Emigrant.” In 1831 Loren Mills built the first brick house in Ann Arbor. This old landmark is still standing on the southwest corner of Main and Liberty streets, near the store of Mack & Schmid. The first school was taught by Harriet Parsons, who afterwards became the wife of Loren

A Miss Monroe, however, first opened the school and taught a few weeks, when she died and Miss Parsons succeeded her as teacher. Rev. John A. Baughman was the first Methodist minister who preached in Ann Arbor, and it has been supposed he was the first minister who preached the gospel within the limits of the village; but it is now conceded that a Baptist minister named Moses Clark first preached here. He came to Ann Arbor in 1825 and located 160 acres of land with Amos Hicks, on section 26, in the township of Ann Arbor, where he died a few years after he settled there. He preached here in the summer of 1825. Mr. Baughman preached his first sermon in the fall of the same year.

The Presbyterian church was the first church organized in Ann Arbor, and it was organized August 21, 1826, in a log school house standing near the northwest corner of Main and Ann streets. Rev. William Page was the first minister of this church, and he remained here several years and returned to the State of New York.

Among the first members of the legal profession who settled in Ann Arbor were James Kingsley, Marcus Lane, and Elisha W. Belcher, who came here about the year 1826. Gideon Wilcoxson followed in 1827, and E. W. Morgan in 1829. Olney Hawkins located here in 1832, and Judge E. Lawrence soon after this. Mr. Lane afterwards removed to Ypsilanti, and Belcher to the western part of the State. Previous to 1830 Mr. Wilcoxson held the office of justice of the peace and prosecuting attorney by appointment from General Cass, then Governor of the Territory. He died August 30, 1830. Mr. Hawkins died in 1875. Mr. Kingsley and Mr. Morgan and Mr. Lawrence are so well known nothing more need be said of them. They are still able to speak for themselves. Dr. David E. Lord and Dr. Samuel Denton were the first physicians who settled in Ann Arbor. They came here in 1826. Among the other pioneer physicians were Seth Markham, Philip Brigham, and Robert P. Chase, Charles Jefferies, Martin Cowles, and Charles Backus.

The population of Ann Arbor village in 1834 was 830; Ypsilanti contained 500 inhabitants; Detroit 4,910, and Washtenaw county 4,042. At the general election in 1831 Judge Samuel W. Dexter, Austin E. Wing, and Gen. John R. Williams were candidates for the office of Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan. Mr. Wing was the Democratic candidate, Williams was an Independent candidate, while Judge Dexter was the candidate of the Anti-Masons. The vote in this county was as follows: Wing 227, Dexter 389, Williams 5, making a total vote of 621 in the county. The vote each received in the Territory was as follows: Wing, 2,100; Dexter, 1,388; Williams, 1,100. Total vote, 4,588.

Another of the early settlers who will be remembered by the people of this county as long as any of them shall be permitted to live was Mr. Solon Cook, the proprietor of the home of the traveler, known far and wide as "Cook's Hotel." Mr. Cook came to Ann Arbor in August, 1830. His wife came the November following. They came from Auburn, State of New York. He was a harness-maker by trade, and opened a harness shop in a small building where now the store of J. Donnelly stands. He soon afterwards moved into the tavern built by Ira W. Bird on the southeast corner of Main and Huron streets, where the savings bank now stands. Here he kept a temperance house until he purchased the

premises on the southwest corner of Huron and Fourth streets, which has been one of the noted landmarks of the city ever since. When he purchased these premises there was a frame house built thereon, and occupied by our fellow-townsman, Charles Thayer. Mr. Cook built a large addition to this building, and opened the house for the accommodation of the public. He afterwards, at different times, built additions to his hotel until it became a large and commodious mansion, and one of the principal places of resort by the public till it was moved off the grounds, in 1871, to make room for the present brick block known as the "Cook House." Mr. Cook remained at his post as proprietor of his hotel over 37 years. During all this time he kept a temperance house. There was no bar for the sale of liquors in his hotel at any time. The last years of Mr. Cook were spent at his private residence on Huron street. He died November 9th, 1875.

Another of the landmarks of our city is known as the Goodrich building, erected by one of the early settlers of Ann Arbor, Mr. Chauncey S. Goodrich. He came to Ann Arbor in 1830. He resided in the township of Lima three years previous, having located a section of land in that township in 1827. In 1829 he purchased of James Abbott, of Detroit, the block on the east side of the grounds owned by the county and known as the public square, paying $1,000 therefor, including a frame building, which has within a few years past been repaired and changed into the present residence of his son, Merchant H. Goodrich. In 1831 Mr. Goodrich built a frame building on this block, and occupied it as the proprietor of the "Goodrich House" until 1842. This building is still standing and occupied for business purposes. He died April 2d. 1860.

During the early settlement of Ann Arbor the village could justly feel proud of its good society. Many of the early settlers came with their families from the old and cultivated portions of the east and south, and Ann Arbor society comprised several refined, educated, and enterprising gentlemen, and beautiful and accomplished ladies. Among the more prominent ladies and gentlemen who assisted in making the social gatherings attractive and entertaining were John Allen and his father James Allen, James Kingsley, Marcus Lane, Dr. Samuel Denton, David and Jonathan Ely, Gideon Wilcoxson and wife, Charles Thayer and wife, James Turner Allen and wife, Henry Welch and family, Edward Clark, John and Robert Geddes, Miss Harriet Parsons, and the Misses Maynard and others.

But it is impossible to do justice to such a subject in the brief time I have been able to give to it. This narrative is only intended as a beginning of the history of Ann Arbor, and it is hoped, now that a beginning has been made, that some older settler than I will take up the subject and complete it. Since the organization of the Washtenaw County Pioneer Society no one has been found who would volunteer to write the history of the village and city of Ann Arbor, when I concluded to make a beginning, and again urge others to assist in the work.

WAYNE COUNTY.

ITS ORIGINAL AND ITS PRESENT BOUNDARIES.

In 1787 the whole region claimed by the Americans, lying northwest of the Ohio river, was organized by Congress into a Northwest Territory.

On the 11th August 1796, Wayne county was organized including all of Michigan, Northern Ohio and Indiana and a part of Illinois and Wisconsin.

The county seat was at Detroit.

"In 1796 Captain Porter, with a detachment of troops from General Wayne's army, took possession of Detroit, and flung to the breeze the first American banner that ever floated over the soil of the Peninsular State."

The town of Detroit was incorporated in 1801. By an act of Congress of the 11th of January, 1805, that part of the Northwest Territory lying between Lake Michigan on the west, and Lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, and their connecting straits on the east, was organized on the 30th of June into a separate territory to be called Michigan. Detroit was the seat of government.

William Hull was appointed governor, and Stanley Griswold, Secretary, and Augustus B. Woodward, Frederick Bates, and John Griffin, Judges.

Subsequently Wayne county was reduced to narrower limits, so that now, instead of its original almost limitless extent, it includes only the following eighteen townships, viz.: Grosse Point, Hamtramck, Greenfield, Redford, Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Nankin, Dearborn, Springwells, Ecorse, Taylor, Romulus, Van Buren, Sumpter, Huron, Brownstown, Monguagon, and the city of Detroit.

WAYNE COUNTY.

To all to whom these presents may come, greeting: Know ye, That I do hereby lay out that part of the Territory of Michigan, to which the Indian title has been extinguished, into a county, to be called the county of Wayne, and the seat of justice of said county shall be at the city of Detroit.

And for the execution of an act, entitled "an act concerning highways and roads," I do hereby divide the said territory into as many road districts, as there are militia company districts, and I do hereby make each militia company district, a road district.

And I do hereby abrogate and repeal all acts of the executive of the said Territory, inconsistent with this act.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused [L. S.] the great seal of the territory to be affixed, at Detroit, this twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifteen.

LEWIS CASS.

PROCLAMATION.

The county of Wayne, established by an executive act of November 21st, 1815, shall be bounded as follows:

Beginning in Lake St. Clair, on the boundary line between the United States and the British province of Upper Canada, at a point due east from the intersection of the base line with Lake St. Clair, and running thence west to the line between the seventh and eighth ranges, east of the principal meridian; thence with the said line, south to the line between the townships numbered four and five, south of the base line; thence with the said line, between the said townships 4 and 5, to the middle of the river Huron of Lake Erie; thence with the said river, keeping the middle thereof, to its mouth; thence east to the boundary line between the United States and the province of Upper Canada; thence with the said boundary line to the place of beginning.

In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the great seal of the said territory to be hereunto affixed.

Given under my hand, at Detroit, this tenth day of September, A. D. 1822, and of the Independence of the United States, the forty-seventh. LEW. CASS.

By the Governor:

Secretary of Michigan Territory.

County-seat of Wayne county is at Detroit.

THE DETROIT PIONEER SOCIETY.

was organized in response to the following call:

A meeting is requested of gentlemen who have been permanent residents of Detroit and vicinity for thirty years or more, at the parlors of the Biddle House, at half past seven o'clock in the evening of Friday, April 21st, 1871, for the purpose of forming a Pioneer Society, and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. Dated Detroit, April 17, 1871.

Signed, LEVI BISHOP,

ROBERT REUME,
JOHN OWEN,

JOHN J. LEONARD,
THOMAS LEWIS,
J. L. KING,

J. B. SCOVEL,

JOHN WINDER,

E. V. CICOTTE,
J. A. GIRARDEN,
JOSEPH FRENCH,
CLEVELAND HUNT,
ELLIS ROBERTS,
ROBERT E. ROBERTS,
F. B. SIBLEY.

Pursuant to the above call, about sixty of the old residents met at the Biddle House, on the evening of April 21st, 1871, for the purpose of organizing a Pioneer Society.

The following gentlemen were chosen officers:

Chairman-Levi Bishop.

Vice Chairman-Dr. J. L. Whiting, John Farrar.
Secretary-Robert E. Roberts.

Assistant Secretary-Cleveland Hunt.

The meeting was then addressed by the chairman and a number of others present, all approving the formation of a pioneer society. A committee of five was then appointed to report a constitution at an adjourned meeting on May 4th.

The adjourned meeting was held at the Biddle House. The committee by their chairman, Levi Bishop, reported a constitution, recommending the following offices, to which the following gentlemen were respectively elected, viz.:

President-Levi Bishop.

Vice Presidents-1st, Luther Beecher; 2d, Thomas Lewis.

Treasurer-Washington A. Bacon.

Secretary Stanley G. Wight.

At the next annual meeting, held May 2d, 1872, the following persons were chosen:

President-Levi Bishop.

Vice Presidents-1st, Seymour Finney; 2d, Bela Hubbard.

Treasurer A. W. Bacon.

Secretary-Samuel Zug.