PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PHILOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VOLUME X THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN BY CHARLES W. BAIN RECENT CRITICISM OF LATIN BY GEORGE HOWE BALTIMORE J. H. FURST COMPANY 1913 It has been said that the world needs not so much to be instructed as to be reminded. It is in this spirit that these statistics on the distribution and proportion of the demonstrative pronouns in Sophocles are presented. This paper on οὗτος, ὅδε and ἐκεῖνος (the traditional order in the grammars) grew out of some remarks by Professor Gildersleeve in divers places in The American Journal of Philology, in which he desiderated more definite information about these pronouns. Perhaps, therefore, it will not be amiss to quote the passages in full. "OUTOS is the universal demonstrative; the others are all particular; it is the regular antecedent of the relative, and with it the relative is that. With the others, ode and exeîvos, it is rather who' or 'which.' In practical use ode sets up an opposition to ouros, gets to itself the connotation of the important first person, but it is only in dramatic style that öde can make. head against ovтos, and it is the large use of ode that gives so much of the conversational tone to Herodotus. To be sure, ékeivos gives bulk, gives weight, but it lacks precision. It is a 'yon,' which is as vague as the next world to which it is always assigned, and great hulking demonstrative that it is, it needs the guidance of ὅδε and οὗτος, οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, ὅδ ̓ ἐκεῖνος ἐγώ. All these are the commonplaces of grammar. But, of late, scholars have thought it worth while to watch the usage of so familiar a pronoun as ouros in the Attic orators, and have formulated 3 |