Law and equity, cases of, 186, 189, 192, 216, 300. Law and fact, jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as to, 224, 226, 300, 304.
Law of the land, 233. Law of nations, offences against, 119, 294.
303. Of speech, 255, 261, 303. Of the press, 255, 261, 303; restricted in foreign countries, 262; loose reasoning on it, 263. Of speech and debate, under the Confederation, 281. Licensing the press, 263. Licentiousness of the press, 264. Life or limb, second trials for, 230, 232, 304.
Laws, for new countries, 21. Inefficacy of, under the Con- federation, 30. Mode of pas-Literary institutions, Washington sing, in Congress, 96, 293. on, 317.
Power of Congress to make nec-Loyalists, articles respecting, in essary and proper, 131, 295. the treaty of 1783, 327.
Ex post facto, by Congress, 144, Louisiana, acquisition of, 108, 295; by the States, 146, 150, 296. Impairing the obligation of contracts, 146, 150, 248, 296, 302. Uniformity in inter- preting, 181. Duty of the Pres- ident respecting the faithful ex-|| ecution of the, 177, 299. Ju- risdiction in cases under the United States', 186, 188, 190, 216, 221, 223, 300. Suprema- cy of the Constitution, treaties, and, 249, 302. Washington, on oppositions to the, 313. Common, Congress, and Ju- diciary.
Mably, Abbé, on neighboring states, 38.
Magazines, 129, 295. Reservation respecting, 130.
Legal tender in payment of debts, 146, 149, 296. Legislation in ceded places, 129,|| 130, 295.
Legislative powers under the colo- nial governments, 17-19. Un- der the Confederation and Con- stitution, 47, 49, 289. Advan- tages of the division of, in Con- gress, 49. Legislature, see Congress, Repre- sentatives, and Senate. Letters of marque and reprisal, 120, 121, 294. By the States, unconstitutional, 146, 296. Levies for the Revolutionary ar- my, 122.
Liberty, on securing the blessings of, 45, 289. Of speech and de- bate in Congress, 93, 94, 292. Religious, 252, 253, 255, 259,
Magna Charta, 20. Valuable pro- visions in the, 257. Mail routes, 117, 294. Maritime jurisdiction, power of the Judiciary in cases of admiralty and, 186, 187, 194, 196, 221, 223, 300. Marque, letters of, and reprisal, 120, 121, 294. By the States, unconstitutional, 146, 296. Maryland, settled, 16. Proprietary government of, 18. Accedes to the Confederation, 28. Com- missioners appointed by, in 1785, 33. Adopts the Consti- tution, 35.
Massachusetts, settled, 16. Union of, with Plymouth, 16. Charter government of, 19. Recom- mends a Continental Congress, 26. Adopts the Constitution, 35.
Maximilian, institution of the im-
perial chamber by, 200. Measures and weights, power of
Congress as to, 116, 294. Meetings of Congress, 90, 291. Migration and importation of slaves, 142, 295.
ryland and Virginia, meet at Alexandria, 33. Meeting of, at Annapolis, 33.
Commissions from the President, 176, 178, 299. See Appoint-
Committee of the States, under the Confederation, 285. Common defence, provision for,
42, 101, 141, 289, 293. Common law, of England, intro- duced into the Colonies, 20. Conservative principle in the, 20. Its effects in the Colonies, 22. Cases at, under the Consti- tution, 189. See Law,and Laws. Common socage, 16. Compacts, see Alliances. Compensation, of members of Con-
gress, 93, 292. Of the Presi- dent, 168, 298. Of the judges of the Supreme Court, 181, 185, 300. For private property taken for public use, 233, 304. Confederation, history of the, 28. Delays and objections to the, 28. Final adoption of the, 28. Defects in the, 29. Powers and weakness of the, 29. Gave to Congress no coercive authority, 30; nor penal sanction to their enactments, 30; nor power to lay taxes, or to collect revenue, 30, 102; nor to regulate com- merce, 31. Prospective termi- nation of the, 33. Convention for revision of the Articles of, 34. Legislative power under the, 49. Voting in Congress under the, 56, 68, 281. State of com- merce under the, 108. Impoten- cy of the, as to armies, 122. Restricted the authority of Con- gress to powers expressly grant- ed, 132, 279. Want of an execu- tive department in the, 159; of judicial power, 180. Authority under the, to determine differ- ences between States, 200, 283. Disregard of treaty stipulations under the, 250. Articles of,
279. See Congress, Continental, Confederation among States, un- constitutional, 146, 296. See Alliances.
Confessions, as evidence, 241. Confiscation, in punishment for
treason, unconstitutional, 134, 135, 239, 301. In the States, during the Revolution, 150. Articles respecting, in the treaty of peace, of 1783, 327, 328.- Congress, Continental, first and second meetings of the, 24, 26. Declaration of Rights of the, in 1774, 24, 271. Voting in, 26, 68, 281. Organization of the, 27. Its powers and its weak- ness, 27, 29, 30. Articles of Confederation by the, 28, 279. Had no coercive author- ity, 30; nor penal sanctions for its enactments, 30. Could not lay taxes or collect revenue, for the public service, 30; nor regulate commerce, 31. Report laid before the, for a General Convention, 33. Calls a Con- vention for revision of the Arti- cles of Confederation, 34. Puts into operation the Federal Con- stitution, 34. Adjournment of, to Princeton, 129. Compelled to violate the Confederation, in order to preserve it, 132. Re- presentation of the States in the, 280. Freedom of speech and debate in the, 281. Sole and exclusive rights and powers of the, 283. See Confederation. Congress, the first under the Con- stitution, 34. Divided into two branches, 49, 289. Impeachment by, 62, 63, 76, 78, 85, 290, 291, 299. Elections for, 89, 90, 291, 292. Meetings of, 90, 291. Powers and privileges of both Houses of, 90, 292. Judgement of elections by, 90, 91, 292. Quorum of, 90, 91, 292. Absent members compelled to attend, 90, 91, 292. Rules of, 91. Pun-
ishment and expulsion of mem- bers of, 91, 292. Journals of, to be kept, 92, 292. Yeas and nays of, 92, 292. Adjournment of, 92, 292. Contempts of, 93. Compensation of members of, 93, 292. Their privilege from ar- rest, 93, 292. Liberty of speech and debate in, 93, 94, 292. Disqualifications of members of, 94, 161, 162, 292, 297. Mode of passing laws in, 96, 293. Power of the President to neg- ative the laws of, 98-100, 293. Power of, to lay and collect tax- es, 101,103,141,293. May bor- row money, 107, 141, 294. May regulate commerce, 108, 109, 141, 294; inquiries respecting this power, 109. On trade with Indian tribes, 108,109,113,294. Power of, respecting naturaliza- tion, 114, 294; bankruptcies, 114, 294; to coin money, regu- late the value thereof, and fix the standard of weights and meas- ures, 116, 294; as to counter- feiting, 116, 294; post offices and post roads, 117, 294; pa- tents and copy-rights, 118, 294; to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, 119, 181, 218, 294, 299; to define, and punish piracies and felonies, committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of na- tions, 119, 294; to declare war, 120, 141, 294; grant letters of marque and reprisal, 120, 121, 294; to make rules concerning captures, 120, 122, 294; to raise and support armies, 122, 123, 141, 294; to provide and maintain a navy, 124, 141, 294; to make rules for land and na- val forces, 124, 294; to provide for calling forth the militia, 125, 127, 294; for organizing and disciplining the militia, 126, 294. Power of, over the Seat of the Government, 128, 129, 295;
over ceded places for forts, mag- azines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings, 128, 129, 295; to make all nec- essary and proper laws for car- rying their powers into effect, 131,295. Implied and inciden- tal powers of, 131, 133, 141, 191. Power of, respecting trea- son, 134, 239, 301; respecting the faith and credit to be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State, 135,301; as to the admission of New States, 137, 140, 301, 336; respecting the territory, or other property, of the United States,138,301. Pro- hibitions on the powers of, 141, 266, 305; respecting the slave- trade, 142, 295; respecting the writ of habeas corpus, 143, 295; respecting bills of attainder, and ex post facto laws, 144, 239, 295; respecting appropriations before drawing money from the treasury, 144, 295; as to creat- ing titles of nobility, 145, 296. Power of, respecting Electors, 166, 297. Provision by, for va- cancy of the Presidency and Vice-Presidency, 168, 298; for appointment of inferior officers, 172, 174, 299. The President to give information to, and re- commend measures, 176, 299. Power of the President to con- vene and adjourn, 176, 299. Authority given by, to the post- master-general, to bring suits, 205. Restriction by, on appel- late jurisdiction, 212–224, 226, 227, 300, 304. Power of, as to designating places for trials, 228, 300; respecting amendments to the Constitution, 246, 302. Duty of courts, respecting un- constitutional laws passed by, 251. Oaths to be taken by members of, 251, 303. No religious test required, 252, 253,
303. Amendments to the Con- stitution, adopted by, 254, 303. Shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, 255, 259, 303; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, 255, 259, 261, 303; or the rights of the peo- ple peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, 255, 259, 264, 303. Recommendations required to be made by the, ac- cording to the treaty of 1783, 327, 328. See Commerce, Con- gress, Continental, Impeach- ments, Judiciary, Representa- tives, Senators, and States. Connecticut, settled, 16. Charter government of, 19. Adopts the Constitution, 35. Conscience, rights of, 252, 253, 255, 259, 303.
Constitution of the United States
of America, 33, 289. Origin of the, 33. Adoption of the, 34, 35, 303. Remarks on the framers of the, 35, 247. Exposition of the, 36. Formed by the people, and not by the States, 36. Remarks on the interpretation of the, 36. Final interpreter of the, 37. The Preamble of the, and its exposi- tion,37,289. Distribution of pow- ers by the, 46, 289. Separation of the legislative, the executive, and the judicial, departments by the, 47, 49. On the House of Representatives, 49, 50, 289. On the Senate and Senators, 49, 64, 67, 290. On impeachments, 62, 63, 76, 291, 298, 299. On elections and meetings of Con- gress, 89, 291. On the powers and privileges of both Houses, 90, 292. On the mode of pas- sing laws, 96, 293. On tax- ation, 101, 141, 293. On borrowing money, 107, 294. On regulating commerce, 108,
109, 294. On trade with Indian tribes, 108, 113, 294. On nat- uralization, 114, 294. On bank- ruptcy, 114, 294. On coinage
of money, 115, 294. On post- offices, and post roads, 117, 294. On patents and copy-rights, 118, 294. On the punishment of piracies and felonies, 119, 294. On the declaration of war, 120, 141, 294. On the army, 122, 294.
On the navy, 124, 294. As to militia, 125, 294. On the Seat of the Government, and oth- er ceded places, 128, 295. Gen- eral power of Congress under the, to make necessary and prop- er laws,131,295. On the punish- ment of treason, 134, 239, 301. On State Records, 135, 301. On the admission of New States, 137, 301. On the government of Territories, 138, 301. Pro- hibitions on the United States by the, 142, 305; on the States by the, 146, 296. On the struc- ture, organization, and powers, of the Executive department, 158, 296. On the powers and duties of the President, 170, 298. On the Judicial department, 179, 299. On the powers and jurisdiction of the Judiciary, 186, 300, 304, 305. On trial by jury, 228, 300. Definition of treason by the, 239, 300. On the privileges of citizens, 242, 301. On fugitive criminals and slaves, 242, 243, 301. Guaran- tee of republican government by the, to the States, 244, 302. Mode of making amendments to the, 246, 302. Considered as an experiment, 247, 267. On public debt, 248, 302. Supre- macy of Laws, treaties, and the, 249,302. On oath of office,251, 298, 303. On religious tests, 252, 253, 303. Ratification of the, 254, 303. Amendments to the, 254, 303. Regarded as a
Proprietary governments, in the American colonies, 17, 18. In- troduction of the common law into, 20.
Proroguing, by the King, and by governors, 92.
Protecting domestic manufactures,
Provincial Assemblies, 17. Disso- lution of, by English governors, 92, 272. Provincial governments, in the American colonies, 17. Intro- duction of the common law into the, 20. Provisional Articles of Peace, sign-
ed at Paris, in 1782, 324. Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, the faith to be giv- en to, 135, 301. Public credit, Washington on, 317. Public debts, see Debts.
Public lands, owned by the Crown,
29. Concessions of, by Virginia and New York, 29. See Ceded places. Public ministers, appointment of, 172, 173, 299. To be received by the President, 176, 299. Ju- risdiction of the Judiciary over, 186, 192, 213, 221, 223, 300. Public money, see Money. Punishments, on the infliction of, under the Confederation, 30. In cases of impeachment, unpar- donable, 88, 170, 171, 298. Of members of Congress, 91, 292. For counterfeiting securities and current coin, 116, 294. Of pi- racies, felonies, and offences against the law of nations, 119,
President and Vice-President, 167, 297, 306. Quartering soldiers, 265, 303. Quorum, in the Houses of Con- gress, 90, 91, 292. In voting for President and Vice-Presi- dent, 162, 163, 297, 306.
Ratifications of the Constitution, 254, 303. Recaptures, 196.
Receipts of public money, account of, to be published, 144, 145, 296. Records and laws of States, admis-
sion and proof of, 135, 301. Effect to be given to, 136. Regulate commerce, power of Congress to, 108, 109, 110, 141, 294. Meaning of the words, 109. See Commerce. Religion, freedom of, 252, 253, 255, 259, 303. Right of gov- ernment to interfere in, 260. Washington on the necessity of, to political prosperity, 316. Religious establishments, unconsti- tutional, 255, 259, 303. Religious tests, 252, 253, 259, 303.
Removals from office by the Pres- ident, 174. Representation, in Parliament, 24, 273. The principle of, 50, 57. The right of, 273. In the Territory northwest of the river Ohio, 332.
Representatives under the Colonial Governments, 17, 19. Representatives, House of, in Con- gress, 49, 50, 289. Election of, by the people, 50, 89, 289; advantages of it, 50, 51. Quali- fications of electors of, 50, 51, 289. Serve two years, 52, 289. Knowledge and experience re- quisite in, 52. Qualifications of, 54, 73, 289; as to age, 54, 73, 289; as to citizenship, 54, 55, 73, 290; as to inhabitancy, 54,
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