OH Chloral Amide. CC.CH.CHO. Compound produced by the action of formamide upon chloral; colorless crystals, rather insoluble in water, with a bitter taste; used in pharmacy as a hypnotic. Chloral Hydrate. CCl,.CH:(OH),. Mpt. 57° C. White crystalline substance, formed by the combination of water with chloral. Sulphuric acid withdraws water with the formation of chloral. It is used largely as a hypnotic, but has a depressing effect upon the nervous centers, and is injurious to many. The habit of taking it is easily acquired, and abandoned with great difficulty. Chloranil. C,ClO2. Tetrachlorquinone; light yellow plates with quinone odor, formed by the action of chlorine upon quinone; also by that of hydrochloric acid and chlorate of potassium upon many organic compounds. Chloraniline. Cl.C,H,.NH,. Mpt. 75° C. Three forms are known, as ortho-, meta-, and parachloraniline. The latter is most important, and is prepared from parachloracetanilide by the removal of the acet group. White solid. The ortho and meta compounds are both liquid, and are prepared indirectly. Chloranthaceæ. Natural family of flowering plants, of the class Angiosperma and sub-class Dicotyledones, comprising 4 genera and ab. 37 species, distributed through the tropics of 299 chloroform, for bleaching and disinfection. See DEACON'S PROCESS, WELDON'S PROCESS. German Stone Chlorine Still. Chlorine Dioxide. CIO, Greenish-yellow gas, made by treating potassium chlorate with sulphuric acid. It is unstable, and supports combustion readily. Chlorine Hydrate. Cl,+10H,O. Crystals, formed by passing chlorine into water cooled down below 0° C.; unstable. Chlorine Monoxide. Cl,O. Very unstable gas, which can readily be liquefied; made by passing chlorine over cold, dry mercuric oxide. Chlorine Water. Made by passing the gas into water until it is saturated. It must be protected from sunlight. Chlorite. Group of minerals, hydrous aluminum and magnesium subsilicates, greenish in color, lamellar in texture, Chloranthy. Reversion of flowers to green leaves, as in and soft. Occur in crystalline schists, and in many cases are alteration products from amphibole. America and Asia; found also in e. Asia and the Islands of the certain roses; called also Chlorosis. Chlorastrolite. Greenish pebbles with stellate structure found on Isle Royale, in Lake Superior; formerly supposed to be a homogeneous mineral species. Hydrous silicate of aluminium, calcium, sodium and iron. Chlorates. Salts of chloric acid, HCIO,, made by replacing the hydrogen by a metal. Chlorauric Acid. HAuCl,+4H,O. Crystalline compound, obtained by evaporating a solution of gold trichloride in presence of an excess of hydrochloric acid. Chlorbenzene. C.H.Cl. Bpt. 133° C. Monochlorbenzene; product of the action of chlorine upon benzene in the presence of iodine; liquid of agreeable odor. Chlorcarbonic Ether. See ETHYL CHLORCARBONATE. Chlor Compounds. Organic compounds derived by the replacing of hydrogen by chlorine. The chlorides are compounds whose name signifies a combination of a group with chlorine. See BROM COMPOUNDS. Chlorhydric Acid. See HYDROCHLORIC ACID. Chlorhydrines. Compounds formed from alcohols containing more than one hydroxyl group by replacing hydroxyl by chlorine. Thus from glycerol (CH,OH.CHOH.CH,OH) are derived mono-, di-, and trichlorhydrines. Chloric Acid. HCIO,. Oily, unstable liquid, decomposing at 40° C.; strong oxidizing agent, made by treating barium chlorate with sulphuric acid. Chloride of Lime. CaOCl,. Common name for BLEACHING POWDER (q.v.) Chlorides. Salts of hydrochloric acid, HCl, made by replacing the hydrogen with a metal; also, compounds formed by the union of chlorine with another element. Chlorine. Cl. At.wt. 35.17, sp.gr. 2.45. Element discovered by Scheele 1774. It does not occur free in nature. It occurs in chlorides, common salt, sodium chloride, being its most important compound. It is isolated by decomposing hydrochloric acid with manganese dioxide. It may be made by heating salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid. It is a greenish-yellow gas, of a suffocating odor and with great affinity for many of the elements. Water dissolves 2 vols. at 15.5° C. It is liquefied by pressure of 3.66 Atm., 0° C.; the liquid is yellow to orange, sp. gr. 1.47. It is solidified at -102 C. It is manufactured in large quantities for the preparation of bleaching powder, CaOCl2+H2O, which contains up to 43 per cent available chlorine. In this form it can be conveniently transported. It is used in the manufacture of certain aniline dyes, in that of Chlorites. Salts of chlorous acid, HCIO,. Chloritoid. Hydrous aluminum and iron silicate, named from its resemblance to chlorite. Chlorodyne. Proprietary preparation, used as an anodyne, narcotic, and in the treatment of diarrhoeal disorders; said to contain morphine, ether, chloroform, and cannabis indica. Chloroform. CHCl3. Bpt. 61°C. Trichlormethane. Marsh replaced by chlorine; heavy liquid with agreeable odor; pregas or methane (CH) in which 3 atoms of hydrogen have been pared by the action of bleaching powder upon alcohol or acetone. Chloral is first formed and subsequently decomposed by calcium hydroxide. Used as a solvent and as an anesthetic. It was discovered 1831 by Guthrie of Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., and nearly at the same time by Liebig and Soubeiran, and first used as an anæsthetic Nov. 1847 by Sir J. Y. Simpson of Edinburgh. It is less irritating to the lungs, and can be used in smaller quantities than ether, but is more dangerous, and should not be administered to persons with heart disease; it is more extensively used in Europe than in the U. S. See ANESTHETICS and SULPHURIC ETHER. Chloroleucites. See CHLOROPLASTIDS. Chloropal. Fe,Si,O,+5aq. Soft, greenish, earthy mineral, resembling opal in appearance, but in composition a hydrous iron silicate. Chlorophyceæ. Division of Algæ, including the light green or yellowish green kinds, as Sea Lettuce (Ulva), and the Conferoidea; also called Chlorospermeæ. Chlorophyll. Green coloring matter of leaves and plants; exceedingly unstable body of unknown constitution, iron. It occurs in the cells in the form of soft granules, and containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and perhaps acts as an assimilating agent under the influence of light. It is unknown in Fungi. Chlorophyllan. Green crystalline substance obtained by evaporating the alcoholic solution of green leaves. Chlorophyllophyceæ. See PROTOCOCCOIDEÆ. Chloroplastids. Grains containing chlorophyll, occurring in great abundance in all the green portions of plants. Alcohol dissolves from them the green matter and leaves the skeleton of protoplasmic matter. They are generally nearly spherical in form, and in some cases contain starch; also known as Chloroleucites. Chlororufin. Yellow or orange pigment, soluble in alcohol, having then a strong odor of violets; contained in the cells of certain minute Alge and Protophyta. Chlorosis. Bleaching of green plants, caused by a deficiency of iron in the sap; also, the reversion of flowers to green leaves. See CHLORANTHY. Chlorosis. Condition confined almost exclusively to females between the ages of 15 and 20, and connected with the establishment of the menstrual function; characterized by weakness, low spirits, palpitation of the heart, depraved appetite, disordered digestion, and a pallid or muddy complexion. When uncomplicated by disease of the heart and blood vessels or lungs, it is usually easily relieved by proper hygienic surroundings and the building up of the strength. Chlorospermeæ. See CHLOROPHYCEÆ. Chlorotic. Plants which have become entirely colorless by being artificially deprived of iron. Chlorous Acid. HCIO,. Unknown in free condition; believed to exist when chlorine trioxide, Cl,O,, is dissolved in water. Their solution, treated with bases, yields salts, the chlorites. Chlorpicrin. CCI,NO,. Bpt. 112° C. Nitrochloroform; heavy liquid of suffocating odor, formed from many organic compounds by the simultaneous action of nitric acid and chlorine; made readily by heating picric acid with bleaching powder. Chlorplatinic Acid. H,PtCl.+6H,O. Crystalline compound, dibasic, made by treating platinum chloride with hydro chloric acid. Chocolate Bean (Theobroma cacao). Choczim. In s. Russia. Here the Turks were defeated by Sobieski, Nov. 11, 1673, and by the Russians April 30 and July 13, 1769. Chodowiecki, DANIEL NIKOLAUS, 1726-1801. German engraver and painter. Chœrilus. (1) Greek poet, ab. 450 B.C., author of a lost epic on the Persian war. (2) Versifier who lauded Alexander. alternatives; fundamental condition of freedom. See VOLITION. Choice. Determination of the will; selection between Choir. Singers in church, or portion of the building assigned to them, properly part of the chancel; in some Protestant communions, the organ loft.-In architecture, that part of a cathedral or other important church behind the transepts, separated by them from the nave, in which the mass was celebrated. Choiseul et Amboise, ETIENNE FRANÇOIS, DUC DE, 17191785. French diplomatist, Minister 1757-70. Choisy, JACQUES DENYS, 1799-1859. Prof. of Botany in Geneva. Convolvulaceae orientalis, 1834-41. Choke Berry. Pyrus arbutifolia. Shrub of the Rose family bearing small red or black fruits, native of e. N. America. focating mixture of vapors found in a mine after an explosion Choke Damp, AFTER DAMP, or BLACK DAMP. CO,. Sufof fire damp; chiefly carbon dioxide. Choker. Apparatus consisting of two stout levers conthe fabrication of fascines, to choke them down to the renected by a chain or strong rope, used by engineer troops in quired diameter and hold them till the building is completed. found in the blood. See JAUNDICE. Cholæmia. Condition in which bile or its elements are Cholera. Acute infectious disease, lasting ab. 60 hours; characterized by the passage of profuse watery stools resembling rice water, vomiting, cramps, and general collapse. It has prevailed as an epidemic at various times in all parts of the world, causing the death of nearly one half of those attacked. There are reasons for believing that it was known to the ancients, but the first clearly recognized epidemic occurred in India 1770. Its gravity was not appreciated until 1817, when it destroyed in Bengal nearly 5,000 soldiers in five days. From this point it spread throughout the entire Indian peninsula and Asia, reaching Europe 1830 and America 1832. Starting from the same point 1847 and following the same course, it reached America 1849, and did not entirely disappear 930 until 1852. In 1866 it appeared among the troops stationed around New York, was scattered by them all over the country, and prevailed until the end of 1867. In 1873 it was introduced into New Orleans from the West Indies, and affected points having commercial relations with that port. It appeared in Egypt 1883 and extended over Europe, causing 250,000 deaths in three years. Great Britain was the only country which did not suffer seriously. In 1892 several steamers conveying emigrants from German and French ports appeared in New York Harbor infected with the disease, and a few cases, less than ten, developed in N. Y. City. From time to time minor epidemics have prevailed in various portions of the world, but the disease is believed to be indigenous to the delta of the River Ganges, it having occurred in Calcutta every year, with four exceptions, since 1817. All epidemics have had their starting points in that part of the world and have followed the highways of travel, progressing slowly or rapidly according to the facilities for transportation of man and merchandise; a very common route is that followed by caravans making pilgrimages to Mecca. Neither climate nor season affect its progress; it has been as violent in Russia during the winter as in milder climates in summer. There is some reason to believe that it has gained a permanent foothold in the valley of the Mississippi, as cases occur there in which there has been no possibility of its introduction from abroad. Until recently it was believed that a form of Penicillium, or Mould, which was found in the stools of those affected, and also upon diseased rice, was the active agent in its propagation, and it was sought to establish a connection between a failure of the Indian rice crop and America, but widely distributed and grown in most tropical the occurrence of an epidemic. It is true that failures of a regions; known as Cacao Tree. staple crop like that of rice in India may be followed by pesti CHOLERA INFANTUM-CHORAGIC MONUMENT lence, but only because insufficient and improper food predis- it and those who have been in contact with them should be Cholera Infantum. Diarrhoea of young children, occurring most often during teething and in warm weather; excited usually by improper food or exposure to cold; by far the most common cause of death among infants, especially in large cities and warm climates. Cholera Morbus. Diarrhoea, especially that occurring in warm weather. Cholesterin. C26H.OH. Monatomic aromatic alcohol, of which many varieties are known; present in the blood, bile, and many tissues; main constituent of gall stones, and, combined with fat acids, forms the main constituent of woo! grease. Solid, melting at 145° C. Choline. N(CH3)3.OC,H.OH. Trimethyloxyethyl ammonium hydroxide; derivative of trimethyl amine; found in the brain, hops, beer, and in various fungi; a strong base; white crystalline deliquescent substance. Cholula. Ancient city of Mexico, 55 m. e. of the capital; once populous and important; scene of a massacre by Cortes 1519. Its great pyramid still stands. Pop. ab. 6,000. Chondrenchym. See COLLENCHYM. Chondrocranium. See CARTILAGINOUS CRANIUM. Chondrodite. Granular magnesium fluo-silicate, occurring on Mt. Vesuvius, found associated with limestone in many localities. Chondrophora. See DECAPODA and DIBRANCHIATA. Chondrostei. Ganoids with persistent notochord, cartilaginous cranium, covered by dermal bones; with naked skin or bony plates instead of scales. Teeth are small or absent; branchiostegal rays scanty or absent; caudal fin is heterocercal, and with fulcra present. There are two groups: Selachostomi (Paddle-fishes), having the snout elongated and flattened for stirring Chondrostei (Acipenser ruthenus). up the bottom of fresh waters, and Glaniostomi (Sturgeons), of Chone. See SUBDERMAL CHAMBERS OF SPONGES. Dollar in China, Malacca, Burma, and Chopin, FREDERIC FRANCOIS, 1809-1849. Pianist and composer, b. near Warsaw of a French father and a Polish mother. He was musically precocious in childhood, and had a dreamy, melancholy temperament, which is reflected in all his music. Choragic Monument. At Athens; erected 334 B.C.; slender circular building, which once supported a bronze tripod, the prize won by a singing society, of which Lysicrates was the patron. Its beautiful Corinthian capitals are the earliest 302 CHORAGUS-CHRISTIAN ERA Choragus, or CHOREGUS. Organizer and trainer of the chorus at Athens; always a wealthy citizen, because of the large expense of feeding and lodging the singers and providing masks and costumes. Chorale. Measured and solemn church song of Germany. It is designed for congregational use, and was one of the mighty levers used in accomplishing the Reformation. Luther did much to encourage it by his hymns. It derived much of its popularity from being frequently adapted to secular melodies. The composers in harmonizing it first placed the melody in the tenor voice. The change from that to the present style of setting with the melody in the first voice, or soprano, was introduced 1586 by Lucas Osiander. It is generally sung by the congregation in unison, the organ furnishing the harmony. Chord. That portion of a secant line limited by the intersections with the curve.-In Music, union of sounds of different pitch. Chorda Dorsalis. See NOTOCHORD. Chorda Tendineæ. Fine tendinous cords connecting the valves of the heart to the projecting muscular columns within the ventricles of the heart. They prevent the valves being driven upward by the blood pressure. Chordata. Phylum of the Animal Kingdom, including forms which possess a notochord (at least at some early stage of their life), as in Enteropneusta, Tunicata, and Vertebrata. The Enteropneusta are termed Hemichordata, as forming a connecting link between the Echinoderms and Worms on the one hand and the Chordata on the other. The Tunicata are termed Urochorda because the notochord is present in the tail only. The Vertebrata have a notochord extending beneath the brain and are hence termed Cephalochorda, subdivided into the Acrania (Amphioxus) and the Craniota (Vertebrates, restricted). In a restricted use Cephalochorda refers only to Amphioxus. Chord of Curvature. Of any point of a curve (p. ) referred to polar co-ordinates; chord of the osculating circle determined by the given point and the pole of the curve. If K= the chord of curvature: p-the radius vector of the point and p-the distance from the pole to a tangent line through the given point; K-2pdp gives the length of the chord. dp Chords. Horizontal members of a bridge truss. The upper one is strained in compression and the lower one in tension for simple bridges, while in continuous and draw bridges the reverse is sometimes the case. They are connected by members called collectively bracing or webbing. Chorea (ST. VITUS' DANCE). Nervous disease in which there are more or less violent and purposeless movements of the voluntary muscles. It may attack one side of the body, or be limited to one or more muscles. It occurs most commonly in children, especially females; may follow scarlet fever or rheumatism, accompany sexual disturbances, or be inherited. In some instances a certain amount of mental trouble may accompany or follow it, but it is ordinarily uncomplicated, and rarely lasts over two months. Chorepiscopi. Ancient bishops of country places, subordinate to those of the cities. Chorion, or VITELLINE MEMBRANE. Thin membrane outside the zona radiata of the egg; in the mammalian ovum, the fused allantois and subzonal membrane which forms the foetal part of the placenta; also, a delicate membrane immediately surrounding the yelk within the zona radiata when that is present. Choripetalous. See POLYPETALOUS. Chorisis. Increase of the number of parts or organs of a flower by the production of two or more in the place of a single one. Choroidal Fissure. Embryonic cleft in the lower part of the eye, formed by the invagination of the optic stalk along its ventral side. Chorology. Geographical distribution. Chorus. In ancient Greece, a body of trained singers who assisted in filling out the story or in singing the lesson to be drawn from a tragedy. They numbered from 12 to 60, and were accompanied by flutes. Chose in Action. Thing to which one has the right, as distinguished from a thing in possession or chattel; such as a bill of exchange, a bond or a claim for damages. Unless negotiable, the assignee takes it subject to equities between the debtor and the assignor, and must sue in the assignor's name. This has been modified by statute in many States. Chosroes, or Khosru I. King of Persia 531-579, long at war with the Byzantines, whom his grandson, CHOSROES II., 590-628, severely chastised, conquering Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, and parts of Asia Minor. Red-legged Crow. Chouans. Royalists of Brittany, defeated at Le Mans Dec. 1793, and at Quiberon 1795 by La Hoche. Chough. Pyrrhocorax graculus. Widely distributed species of the Corvida family, of the same size as the common crow, of a glossy black color shading into blue and purple, with deep orange legs and bill. Chree, CHARLES, b. 1860. Director of the Kew Observatory, Eng. Author of papers on Vortex Motion; Elasticity of Solids; Stresses and Strains in a Rotating Ellipsoid; Robinson's Anemometor. Chrematistics. Sci Chough. ence of wealth; portion of political economy relating to the regulation of wealth. Chrestien, or CHRETIEN, DE TROYES, d. ab. 1192. French poet, highly esteemed in the ages of chivalry. Several of his works deal with the Arthurian legend, and were drawn upon by Tennyson for his Idyls of the King. Chrestomathy. Selection of passages from Greek or other literature; similar to anthology. Chrism. In R.C. Ch., a mixture of oil and balsam, blessed by the bishop, and used in baptism, confirmation, and ordination; or oil alone, for extreme unction. In the Greek Ch. other ingredients are added. Christ. Anointed One, Messiah; official title of our Lord, popularly used as his surname. Christ, WILHELM, b. 1831. Prof. at Munich from 1861, editor of Homer and Aristotle, and historian of Greek litera ture. Christadelphians. Non-trinitarian Baptist sect, in England and America, founded by John Thomas, M.D., ab. 1856. Christian IX., b. 1818. King of Denmark 1863; the house of Oldenburgh having become extinct upon the death of Frederick VII. One of his daughters married the Emperor Alexander III. of Russia; another, the Prince of Wales. His second son became King of Greece 1863. Christian Catholics. Swiss Old Catholics. Christian Commission. Organized in N. Y. 1861 for beneficent work among the soldiers during the Civil War. Christian Connection. See CHRISTIANS. Christiancy, ISAAC PECKHAM, 1812-1890. Judge of Mich. Supreme Court 1857, 1865, and 1873; Chief-Justice 1872; U. S. Senator 1875-79; Minister to Peru 1879-81. Christian Endeavor, SOCIETY OF. Organized in Me. 1881. It has spread throughout the U. S., and has largely attended annual conventions. Christian Era. First adopted in Syria ab. 527. It aimed to begin with the birth of Christ, which (as is now believed) probably occurred 4 B.C. CHRISTIANIA-CHROMIUM Christiania. Capital of Norway, at the head of Christiania Fiord, at the base of the Egeberg. It is a seaport and has considerable commerce. The Univ., founded 1811, has ab. Christiania. 50 profs., 1,600 students, and a library of 250,000 vols. Pop., 1891, 150,444. Christianity. Religion founded by Jesus, and professedly accepted by the foremost nations of the globe; existing under widely differing forms of ecclesiastical organization and doctrinal conception. Repeatedly overgrown and encumbered by misconceptions in theory and corruptions in practice, it has survived as a principle of spiritual life in constant struggle with human weakness, and has contributed powerfully to such measure of civilization and progress as the human race has yet attained. Christian Knowledge, SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING (S. P. C. K.). Founded by Ch. of England 1698, named 1701. It has done much missionary work in America, India, and elsewhere. Christians. Name given to believers A.D. 42 at Antioch, where first they were clearly distinguished from the Jews. Acts xi. 26. Christians, or CHRISTIAN CONNECTION. Denomination beginning in Va. and N. C. 1792, in New England and Ky. 1800-2, with the Bible for its only creed, and practicing immersion; affiliated chiefly with the Free Baptists. It had, in 1890, 1,424 churches and 103,722 full members. Christian Socialism. Doctrine that Christianity and the current individualism are irreconcilably opposed, and that a more perfect application of Christian principles would modify society in the direction of Socialism. Christians of St. Thomas. Ancient sect in s. w. India claiming spiritual descent from the Apostle Thomas, but probably of Nestorian origin. It now has ab. 97 churches, many having conformed to Rome. Christina, QUEEN OF SPAIN. See MARIA CHRISTINA. Christina, 1626-1689. Queen of Sweden 1632-54, daughter of Gustavus Adolphus; noted for ability and eccentricity. She abdicated in favor of her cousin, Charles Gustavus, and spent her later years in Rome, where she cultivated learning, founding a literary society, called the "Arcadians." Christison, SIR ROBERT, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L., 1797-1882. Robert Christison. 303 Christlieb, THEODOR, D.D., PH.D., 1833-1889. German pastor in London 1858-65; prof. at Bonn from 1868. Scotus Erigena, 1860; Modern Doubt, 1868, tr. 1874; Prot. Missions, 1879, tr. 1880. Christmas. Festival commemorating Christ's birth, observed everywhere on Dec. 25. Till ab. 376 it was kept in the East on Jan. 6. Christology. Doctrine of the Person of Christ; an important department of theology, diligently cultivated and studied since ab. 325. Christophe, HENRI, 1767-1820. Insurgent in Haiti 1790, general 1806, Pres. 1807, King 1811. Christopher, ST. Alleged Syrian martyr ab. 250; in German legend a giant who, bearing a child across a ferry, found that he had carried the Saviour, and therefore took the name Christ-bearer. His day in R. C. Ch. is July 25, in the Eastern May 9. Christophorus. Pope 903-4. Christopoulos, ATHANASIOS, 1772-1847. Greek dramatist. Christ's Hospital. In Newgate Street, London, known as The Blue Coat School; founded by Edward VI. 1553. A mathematical school was added 1672 by Charles II. It has an annual income of over £60,000; admits boys between seven and ten, but keeps none after fifteen; has room for 800, and in the preparatory school on the same foundation at Hertford, founded 1683, for 440 more. Girls also are admitted at the latter. The ancient dress is still retained. A new plan of removal 1891 provided for two day-schools, accommodating 600 boys and 400 girls. Christy, EDWIN P., 1815-1862. Organizer of Christy's Minstrels at Buffalo, N. Y., 1842, and their manager till 1854. Chromates. Salts of chromic acid, HCrO.; made by replacing the hydrogen with a metal. Chromatic Aberration. In consequence of the different refrangibility of rays of light of different colors, a single lens will not bring all rays to a common focus; the focus of the violet rays is nearer the lens than that of the red. With such a lens the image of a star is a circle of light differing in color from center to circumference. Chromatic Mitom. See MITOM. Chromatic Polarization. Phenomena of colors produced by thin plates of mica or selenite when placed between the analyzer and polarizer of a polariscope. Chromatin. Substance found in the nucleolus of cells, which stains with ordinary coloring reagents. Chromatophores. Protoplasmic granules of vegetable cells which may contain chlorophyll or other coloring matters. -Pigment cells in the skin of Cuttle Fishes, the Chamæleon, and other animals; they have the power of changing their shape and so modifying the color of the skin as a whole. Chromatopsia. Condition in which objects appear col ored. Chrome Alum. Potassium chromium sulphate. Crk(SO4)2.12H2O. Large, violet octahedra, made by treating potassium dichromate with sulphuric acid, soluble in water, used in dyeing and tanning. Chrome Iron Ore. See CHROMITE. Chrome Red. Basic lead chromate made by treating chrome yellow with a quantity of sodium hydroxide insufficient to dissolve it. Used as a pigment. Chrome Yellow. LEAD CHROMATE (q.v.). Chromic Acid. H,CrO,. Unknown in free condition; believed to be formed when chromium trioxide is dissolved in water. Chromic Hydroxide. Cr(OH),+ 2H,O. Light blue precipitate, formed by adding ammonium hydroxide to a chromic salt. When heated it is converted into CrO.OH, and finally into Cr2O,. Chromic Oxide, or SESQUIOXIDE. Cr2O3. Green powder, made by heating chromic hydroxide; used in coloring glass and painting porcelain. Chromic Sulphate. Cr2(SO4),. When the hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid, purple crystals of Cr2(SO4)3+15H2O are deposited. Chromidrosis. Condition in which the sweat is colored. Chromite, or CHROMIC IRON. FeCr,O.. Mineral resembling magnetic iron but containing chromium sesquioxide in place of ferric oxide; used in the manufacture of chrome pigments. In the U. S. mines of chromite have been worked in Md. and in Cal. Russia, Turkey, and Asia Minor contain valuable de Prof. Univ. Edinburgh 1822-77: Baronet 1871. Poisons, 1829; posits. The Kidneys, 1839; Dispensatory, 1842. Chromium. Cr. At. wt. 51.69; sp. gr. 6.8. Discovered |