Newspapers sent, 8 cents each, to be prepaid; those received, 4 cents each.

The postage on letters to Lima, Callao, Arica, Payta, and other places in Peru, is,

On letters sent (to be prepaid),

On those received,

On newspapers sent, 8 cents each; on those received, 4 cents

each.

On letters sent to Bogota and Buenaventura, in New Granada, the postage is 28 cents, to be prepaid. On letters received from these places, 20 cents. Newspapers sent, 8 cents; received, 4

cents.

Postage to and from Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward's Island, from and to any Point in the United States.

On letters sent not over 3,000 miles from the line in the United States,

10 cents.

15

Sent over 3,000 miles in the United States, Prepayment is optional in either country, but all is to be prepaid or none. A mail is made up for the British Provinces, via Halifax, from New York and Boston, by the English steamers. The postage on a single letter thus sent is 5 cents, to be prepaid. The postage on newspapers and periodicals to these places is at the regular United States rates, to and from the line, to be paid in the United States. Editors may exchange free of expense. Postage on Pamphlets and Magazines to and from Foreign Countries, from and to any Point in the United States.

The postage on magazines and pamphlets to all foreign countries, except Great Britain, the British North American Provinces, and the west coast of South America, is, by whatever line sent, one cent an ounce or fraction of an ounce. To the west coast of South America it is four cents an ounce or fraction of an ounce, to be collected in all cases in the United States. To and from the British North American Provinces the postage is the regular United States rate to and from the line, to be prepaid when sent, and collected when received.

On each periodical and pamphlet between Great Britain and the United States, the United States postage is 2 cents, if not over 2 ounces in weight, and 4 cents per ounce or fraction of an ounce over 2 ounces, always to be prepaid. An additional British postage of the same rate, when not exceeding 2 ounces, must be paid in England; but the third ounce raises the British charge to 6 pence (12 cents), with 2 pence (4 cents) additional for each additional ounce. When sent to or received from foreign countries, without passing through the United Kingdom, they will be charged with the regular United States rates, to be prepaid when sent, and collected when received. No pamphlet can be sent weighing over 8 ounces, and no periodical over 16 ounces, without being subject to letter postage.

Newspapers and periodicals to foreign countries, and particularly to the Continent of Europe, must be sent in narrow bands, open at the sides or end; otherwise they are chargeable there with letter postage.

9. Amounts actually credited for the Transportation of the Mails, by States and Territories, and the Amount of Postages collected in the same, in the Year ending June 30, 1853.

$68,300.73$ 15,433.29 $ 41,460.92 $ 125,194.94 $52,767.88

43,276.13 10,740.77 27,686.63 81,703.53

31,999.45

41,041.08 12,000.34

25,597.44

78,638.86

62,476.85

Delaware,

New Jersey,

Pennsylvania,

Maryland,

273,372.91

9,660.38 1,989.22 58,461.42 8,639.16 61,001.69

4,661.11

16,310.71

9,412.00

152,158.11

191,586.20

District of Columbia,

Virginia,

183,472.19

313,234.72

North Carolina,

28,838.43 12,107.45

19,805.63

60,751.51 175,630.59

South Carolina,

82,985.75

127,169.19

Georgia,

76,316.01 19,079.75

Florida,

Alabama,

178,543,35

Mississippi,

Texas,

42,228.09 13,655.44
29,916.73

17,224.68

73,108.21

115,924.92

8,078.03

Kentucky,

61,080.71 15,977.08

35,484.81

112,542.60

139,038.15

Michigan,

Wisconsin,

44,493.41 13,132.09

Louisiana,

80,822.52 13,440.96

90,420.73

Tennessee,

45,272.79 13,943.83

92,885.29

Missouri,.

58,435.03 12,765.01

27,581.78

98,781.82

140,454.41

Illinois,

Ohio,

363,182.37

Indiana,

137,339.43

109,392.96

Arkansas,

16,188.71

4,595.27

4,321.91

Iowa,

California,

93,951.04 13,111.56

174,243.02

Oregon Territory,

6,276.31

1,580.35

Minnesota Territory,

3,529.86

2,386.28

New Mexico Territory,

517.22

19,647.22

Utah Territory,

Nebraska Territory,

Washington Territory,

THE Congress of the United States consists of a Senate and House of Representatives, and must assemble at least once every year, on the first Monday of December, unless it is otherwise provided by law.

The Senate is composed of two members from each State; and, of course, the regular number is now 62. They are chosen by the Legislatures of the several States, for the term of six years, one third being elected biennially.

The Vice-President of the United States is the President of the Senate, in which body he has only a casting vote, which is given in case of an equal division of the votes of the Senators. In his absence, a President pro tempore is chosen from among the Senators by the Senate.

* In closed mails; there were, besides, 33,155 in the Prussian closed mails.

The House of Representatives is composed of members from the several States, elected by the people, for the term of two years. The Representatives are apportioned among the different States according to population, in the following manner. Under the provisions of the act of Congress of May 23, 1850, Ch. XI. §§ 25, 26, the number of Representatives is established at 233. After each decennial enumeration, the aggregate representative population of the United States is ascertained by the Secretary of the Interior, by adding to the whole number of free persons in all the States, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. This aggregate is divided by 233, and the quotient, rejecting fractions, if any, is the ratio of apportionment among the several States. The representative population of each State is then ascertained in the same manner, and is divided by the above-named ratio, and this quotient gives the apportionment of Representatives to each State. The loss by fractions is compensated for by assigning to as many States having the largest fractions as may be necessary to make the whole number of Representatives 233, one additional member each for its fraction. If after the apportionment new States are admitted, Representatives are assigned to such States upon the above basis, in addition to the limited number of 233; but such excess continues only until the next apportionment under the succeeding census. When the apportionment is completed, the Secretary sends a certificate thereof to the House of Representatives, and to the Executive of each State a certificate of the number apportioned to such State. The present number of Representatives is 234, an additional representative being temporarily assigned to California by the act of July 30, 1852. There are, besides, seven Delegates, one each from Oregon, Minnesota, Utah, New Mexico, Washington, Kanzas, and Nebraska, who have a right to speak, but not to vote. A previous law (Laws of 1842, Ch. 47) requires that in each State the Representatives "shall be elected by districts composed of contiguous territory, equal in number to the number of Representatives to which said State may be entitled, no one district electing more than one Representative." For a table of apportionments, &c. among the several States, see post, page 188.

Since the 4th of March, 1817, the compensation of each member of the Senate and House of Representatives has been $8 a day, during the period of his attendance in Congress, without deduction in case of sickness; and $8 for every twenty miles' travel, in the usual road, in going to and returning from the seat of government. The compensation of the President of the Senate pro tempore, and of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, is $16 a day.

THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS, 2D SESSION.

THE SENATE.

[The figures denote the expiration of the terms of the Senators.]
David R. Atchison, of Missouri, President pro tempore.

Manchester, 1855

1859

Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1857 Moses Norris, Jr.
Wm. Pitt Fessenden, Portland, 1859 Vacancy,*

Jared S. Williams was appointed vice Atherton, deceased, but there was no election by the Legislature.

Maryland.

Illinois.

Virginia.

1855

James A. Pearce, Chestertown, 1855 James Shields, Belleville,
Thos. G. Pratt, Annapolis, 1857 S. A. Douglas, Quincy, 1859

James M. Mason, Winchester, 1857 David R. Atchison, Platte City, 1855
R.M.T.Hunter, Lloyds, Essex Co. 1859 Henry S. Geyer, St. Louis,

Missouri.

1857

A. P. Butler, Edgefield C.H.1855 Thos. J. Rusk,
Josiah J. Evans, Society Hill, 1859 Samuel Houston, Huntsville,

Nacogdoches, 1857

1859

Wm. C. Dawson, Greensboro', 1855 A. C. Dodge, Burlington,
Robert Toombs, Washington, 1859 George W. Jones, Dubuque,

1855

1859

Alabama.

Wisconsin.

Benj. Fitzpatrick, Wetumpka,
C. C. Clay,
Huntsville,

* Julius Rockwell, of Pittsfield, was appointed vice Everett, resigned, to serve until the Legislature elects or adjourns.

Wm. M. Gwinn, San Francisco, 1855 Henry Slicer, Chaplain.
John B. Weller, San Francisco, 1857 D. R. McNair, Sergeant-at-Arms.
Principal Officers of the Senate. Isaac Holland, Doorkeeper.
Asbury Dickins, Secretary.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS, which will expire on the 3d of March, 1855.

HON. LINN BOYD, of Kentucky, Speaker.

[The second session of the 33d Congress commences on the 4th of December, 1854. The numbers prefixed to the names of the members show the Districts in each State from which they were chosen. The numbers after the names of the States indicate the number of Representatives to which, under the present apportionment, the State is entitled.]