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which the remainder of Christophe's family had fled, and from some troops under the command of general Romain, prince of Limbe, who had taken post in the mountains of Gros Morne, near Gonalves, with the assumed title of general-in-chief. The fortress of Ferriere appears, however, to have been, at last, quietly given up to the republican troops, together with the members of Christophe's family, and the whole of the black king's treasures, &c. On this, Romain also made over tures to surrender to president Boyer, on condition that himself, and all with him, should be admitted to the privileges of citizens of the republic. To this proposition Boyer readily acceded, and a conference was appointed between Romain and the chief authorities of the Cape, ou the one hand, and plenipotentiaries from Boyer on the other; the happy result of which was communicated to the inhabitants, on the 21st of October, by a proclamation, signed by a great number of magistrates and generals, with the name of Romain at the head, and announcing, that Hayti, united in one republic, was thenceforward to enjoy independence, liberty, and equality, under the presidency of Boyer. On the following day, Boyer, with an army of 20,000 men, entered the Cape, amid general rejoicings.

During this year, both the independents and the royalists made considerable exertions in Venezuela, and the adjacent provinces; but no event happened, that led to any decisive result. On the 25th of November, an armistice for six months was concluded between Bolivar and Morillo; and

soon afterwards the latter returned to Spain, resigning the command to general La Torre.

The provinces of the River Plata, after they threw off the Spanish yoke, enjoyed several years of tolerable tranquillity and prosperity; but in the present year, the

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scene was entirely changed. Two causes produced all their evils-the prevalence of a spirit of provincialism-and the factions into which the capital was split. The provinces were unwilling to acknowledge authorities which had their seat at Buenos Ayres, and endeavoured each to set up an independent government. A variety of intestine wars ensued, of which the most remarkable was, that between Buenos Ayres and Santa Fé. After several advantages had been gained by the troops of the former, an endeavour was made. to settle the dissensions by negotiation, but without success. the mean time, the army of Santa Fé had received reinforcements, and, under the command of one Lopez, attacked the town of San Nicholas, in the hope of surprising the garrison. The attempt was unsuccessful, and produced the most lamentable consequences to those who made it. For a large body of Indians, who had been engaged by them as auxiliaries, deserted them in their change of fortune, and, taking advantage of the unprotected state in which Santa Fé had been left, entered it on their retreat - plundering, burning, and destroying many of the houses, and committing the most dreadful outrages.

In the province of Buenos Ayres itself, the dissentions of factions raged with so much violence, that

several battles were fought in the immediate neighbourhood of the capital, and the very streets of the city were the scene of bloody conflicts. Towards the end of the year, these convulsions began to subside, and the administration, which had been passing daily into new hands, assumed a more stable aspect.

In the mean time general San Martin, intent in preparing to invade Peru, remained with his army in Chili, which enjoyed complete tranquillity under the government of its supreme director O'Higgins and its senate. Lord Cochrane, with the Chilian fleet, annihilated the commerce and naval power of Spain on that coast; and distinguished himself by the capture of the strongly fortified town of Valdivia.. At length, on the 21st of August, the expedition for the invasion of Peru sailed from Valparaiso, under the command of his lordship and of San Martin. As a prelude to this step, a proclamation was issued on the preceding day by the Chilian government, declaring the whole coast of Peru, from 2 deg. 12min. to 21 deg. 48 min. in a state of blockade. All vessels from Europe, or the United States, or European settlements in America and its islands, which might present themselves after the term of seven months, before any of the ports of this line of blockade, were to be sent to Valparaiso to be adjudged according to the laws of nations. Three months from Rio de la Plata, five from the Brazils, six from Africa and its islands, and one year from European settlements in Asia, were allowed as a kind of notice to all vessels coming to that coast. Vessels

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In the course of the present year, the United States imposed a duty of 18 dollars on the tonnage of French vessels, partly as a measure of finance, and partly as a retaliation for the disadvantages to which American vessels were exposed in the ports of France. But the event of most consequence in their foreign relations was, the ratification of the treaty by which Spain ceded to them the Floridas. This ratification Ferdinand had hitherto refused, unless the United States would bind themselves not to recognize or enter into relations of amity with the revolted provinces of South America. To such a condition they would not consent; and they were preparing to take possession of the provinces with a military force, when news of the Spanish revolution arrived. This event induced them to submit to another delay, in the hopes that they might obtain from the new, born democracy, what Ferdinand would not concede. Their expectations were not disappointed. On the 24th of October, the treaty for the cession of the Floridas was, with the approba

tion of the Cortes, formally ratified by Ferdinand.

In the old settled parts of the union much individual distress prevailed; most of the staple commodities fell greatly in price; the banks failed; and the paper circulation was exceedingly reduced. Foreign commerce, too, sustained a great diminution; and the produce of the customs fell to comparatively nothing. For details concerning the state of the revenue and the internal administration, we refer our readers to the message of the president at the opening of the congress. [See Appendix to the Chronicle, page 838].

In the beginning of the year, Constantinople saw the vizir displaced. Esseid Ali Pacha, who succeeded him, commenced his administration by equipping an army for the reduction of Ali, the old Pacha of Albania, who had so long defied the authority of the sultan. The troops of the Albanian chief were every where worsted; and after a defeat, which he sustained on the 31st of August, he was so completely deserted, that, exhausted by age and infirmities, he shut himself up with a garrison of 800 men in the citadel of his capital, Janina, abandoning the town itself to the mercy of the enemy. The general of the Porte prosecuted the siege up to the beginning of De

cember, when want of stores compelled him to retreat to Arta. Ali then issued from his strong hold, and, raising an army of mercenaries, again took the field.

Negotiations took place in the present year between the Porte and Russia, respecting Moldavia and Wallachia. While these were pending, some drunken soldiers discharged fire-arms, and commenced an alarming riot at the gate of the Russian embassy. Strogonoff, the ambassador, with the help of his janissaries, seized one of the rioters; and, though a tumultuous assemblage of his comrades demanded his liberation, delivered him over to the Turkish authorities. They yielded to the menaces of the mob, and permitted them to carry off the prisoner in triumph.

Next day Strogonoff insisted on immediate satisfaction. Some of the inferior functionaries were sent, to apologise to him in the name of the Reis-Effendi. This concession, however, was not sufficient; nor did the ambassador declare himself satisfied, till the Ischa baschi went to the hotel of the embassy, and there apologised in the name of the sultan for what had happened. Several of the soldiers were afterwards strangled; some of their officers were cashiered; and their commander-in-chief was displaced.

CHRONICLE.

CHRONICLE.

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"Windsor Castle, Jan. 1. "His Majesty's disorder has undergone no sensible alteration. His Majesty's bodily health has partaken of some of the infirmities of age, but has been generally good during the last month." A gentleman in the city lately received a remittance from Cadiz, -part of which was in Bank of England notes, which turned out to be forgeries. They are allowed to be some of the best imitations ever seen, and the Solicitor to the Bank, it is said, has for some time been in possession of information concerning their source, and on the extent to which the forgeries have been carried. They are believed to be of French manufacture, but difficulties existing to their circulation in that country, the scene of operations has been changed to Cadiz.

For some time past it has been known, that a brute, genteelly dressed, infests the fields near the Edgeware-road. Lately he stabbed a young lady walking with her sister, on the footpath leading to Kilburn, because they refused to listen to his impertinent importunities.

At the present Admiralty sessions, which commenced on Friday last, the following case of dreadful murder came on for VOL. LXII.

trial, before Sir William Scott, Mr. Justice Park, and Mr. Justice Best.

James Pater, a man apparently 60 years of age, was indicted for the murder of his brother, John Pater, on the 14th of November, on board a vessel called the Aurora, lying about two miles off Dungeness, in the county of Kent. There was no counsel for the prosecution. Wm. Bonsey, a youth, stated, that he was cabin-boy on board the smack, of which the prisoner was the master. One night before Christmas last, the vessel was off the coast of Dungeness, and he was lying in bed in the cabin, when he heard a noise something like a tumble. He looked out of bed, and saw that it was John Pater who had fallen down, the prisoner stood over him, and was beating him all over the head and body with the bellows.-The deceased kept crying out, "My dear brother James, leave off." The prisoner and the deceased were both in liquor, and witness saw the former wash the face of the latter with liquor.

Cross-examined by Mr. Alley. -Prisoner had some wounds in his head, and was often mad. When the prisoner met a smuggling vessel at sea, he became quite deranged. While beating his brother he constantly cried out, "Richardson, I am giving it to you." He had always previously been kind both to the deceased and witness.-The fact B

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