177. Cecropias, because the Attic honey was celebrated.

178. munere, abl. of respect.

181. crura: as is well known, the bees carry their pollen in a cavity on the thighs.

183. ferrugineos, cf. i. 467, Æn. ix. 582.

187. corpora curant, cf. Æn. ix. 157.

188. mussant, cf. Æn. xi. 454 and 345. 190. suus, welcome.

195. saburram, i.e. for ball

197. illum, i.e. the following.

200. ipsae: the function of the drones was not understood by the ancients.

202. sufficiunt, supply anew.

210. regem, etc., i.e. not the most absolute monarchs of the East are so obeyed as the queen of the bees.

213. fidem, their allegiance to the State. Probably this is not true, but the bees hatch out and nurture another queen, as the workers are only sterile females.

219. quidam: originally the Pythagoreans, and afterwards the Platonists, and especially the Stoics, in opposition to the Epicurean doctrine; cf. i. 415; cf. also Æn. vi. 724.

221. deum, a divine mind, which was identical with the æther, whence aetherios. In a slightly different sense the doctrine is held, "deus est anima brutorum."

224. arcessere, draws.

227. sideris: because the æther (see note above) was also supposed to feed the stars which were composed of it. 229. relines, open; cf. vv. 38 et seq. · with a draught of water. The whole is to smell, which is very acute in insects.

230. manu, ablative.

numerum, the company. haustu, i.e. rinse the mouth avoid offending the sense of

232. Taygete, one of the Pleiades, at whose morning rising in May, and setting in November, the honey was taken up (cf. i. 221).

233. Oceani amnis, the streams of Ocean, a Homeric conception; cf. Od. xi. 639.

234. piscis: the setting of the Pleiades follows very soon after the rising of the Fish.

236. illis, etc., resuming the method of gathering, after the parenthetic statement of the time.

237. morsibus, their stings.

238. animas, from a notion that the loss of the sting kills many

insects.

239. sin, etc., opposed to v. 228; in this case the greater part of the honey should be left, and only sanitary measures taken, instead of destroy. ing the hive.

241. at, cf. Æn. i. 543.

242. nam, introducing the reason for the sanitary measures. — - ignotus, unnoticed.

243. congesta, i.e. in the vacant cells.

246. invisa: see the fable of Arachne changed to a spider.

248. quo magis, etc.: the gist of this passage is that, though some honey must be left as intimated in the preceding, yet not too much, for the bees are stimulated by the loss.

250. floribus, i.e. with wax made from the flowers.

259. contracto, pinched up, properly of the bees themselves.

265. ultro, thus taking pains to, &c., i.e. beyond what they ordinarily do of themselves.

268. pinguia, rich, being boiled down till it is strong, hence igni multo.

271. amello, see § 231, b.; G. 322; H. 387, N.1

274. aureus ipse, the centre of the flower, with ray flowers of purple. 278. Mellae, a river near Mantua.

279. odorato, proleptic, but the same figure is common enough in English to admit a literal translation.

283. Arcadii: Aristæus, who is here referred to, was a herdsman, and hence called Arcadian; see v. 317, and i. 14.

285. insincerus, corrupted: the whole notion is of course derived from the fact that so many insects lay their eggs in decaying meat. — altius, farther back.

287. Pellaci

Macedonian, from Pella, a town of Macedonia. The name is given to anything Egyptian on account of the relation of Egypt to Macedonia by conquest.

289. pictis, as was the custom of the Egyptians.

290. quaque, etc., i.e. near the frontier, exposed to the inroads of the

Persians.

293. ab Indis: in the uncertainty of geography the Nile was supposed to rise in India.

294. iacit, founds; the regular word for laying foundations, from throwing them into trenches or into the sea.

310. pedum, with trunca, as with words of possession and their opposites.

319. amnis, the Peneus, in the Vale of Tempe.

321. Cyrene, represented as a nymph of the River Peneus.

323. Thymbraeus, cf. Æn. iii. 85.

326. hunc, etc., opposed to caelum.

328. te matre relinquo, I lose, though you (a goddess) are my

mother.

329. quin age, etc., i.e. "complete your work," a cry of despair.

334. Milesia, cf. iii. 306.

335. hyali, glass-green.

336. Drymo, etc., cf. Il. xviii. 37.

342. auro, etc., i.e. with skins and a golden belt.

343. atque Ephy |re at que Opis et.

344. sagittis: Arethusa was fabled to have been once a huntress.

345 curam, pains, to guard his wife; the reference is to the amour of Mars and Venus, the wife of Vulcan. In like manner the story is told in Od. viii. 266, &c.; cf. also i. 293.

347. Chao: according to one cosmogony, Chaos and Caligo produced Nox, Dies, and other primeval divinities.

349. devolvunt, reel off.

354. tibi, ethical dative, look upon, then, &c.

355. genitoris, merely as a term of respect.

358. fas, because he was divine by one parent.

361. curvata, etc., i.e. the river curved over him in a wave and made

an arched passage; cf. Od. xi. 243.

363. umida regna, watery realms.

366. omnia, etc.: the poet conceives the interior of the earth as hollow and containing the home of all the rivers.

371. gemina, etc., a common representation of rivers.

373. purpureum, dark blue, translated from the Greek Toppupénv. 374. pumice, i.e. with hanging stone, as generally in grottoes.

378. reponunt, see iii. 527.

379. Panchaeis, i.e. burning frankincense.

382. Oceanum patrem rerum, an ancient poetical view of the uni

verse.

383. centum, a thousand, used indefinitely.

384. Vestam, the flame, or hearth.

387. est: in like manner the god is caught by Menelaus in Od. iv. 431.

- Carphatio, from the island of Carpathos, off the coast of Egypt.

388. caeruleus, as a sea-divinity; cf. Æn. viii. 64.

389. metitur, traverses.

390. Emathiae, Pallenen, in Macedonia.

393. quae sint, etc., cf. § 334, c; G. 470; H. 529, ii. 2. 400. circum, upon.

406. eludent, i.e. the god in the various forms.

414. videris, i.e. until he comes back to his original form.

416. corpus perduxit, cf. § 225, d; G. 348; H. 384, ii. 2.

418. habilis, ready.

424. resistit, stands aside.

427. hauserat, had passed, as if he consumed his course as fast as he went over it.

432. diversae, in their places; a kind of predicate.

437. cuius... quoniam facultas, and now that the power over him, &c.

445. nam quis quisnam.

446. hinc, of me.

confidentissime, most shameless.

447. est fallere, a Greek construction. te, object of fallere (escape your notice).

449. hinc, here, according to the English idiom.

450. vi, effort, of his mind to do an act which he is unwilling to do. 453. non te, etc., not without the wrath of a divinity are you persecuted.

454. magna commissa, a great offence committed.

455. ni fata resistant, protasis of suscitat, the action of which is already begun, but further action is implied, of which the clause with ni is the protasis. haudquaquam, etc., by no means deserved, as the crime was not Aristæus' fault.

457. te fugerit: the construction approaches the use of dum, provided; "bent only on flying," &c.

460. aequalis, attendant; properly, of equal age.

463. Actias, of Attica, whence she was carried off by Boreas, for which wind her name here stands.

465. te, a kind of indirect quotation.

467. Taenarias, of Tænarum, where was supposed to be an entrance to the world below.

470. nescia, knowing nought of, &c.

475. defuncta vita, done with life.

480. alligat, winds its bonds.

484. vento, by the wind, ceasing to blow.

491. victus animi (§ 218, c, R.; G. 374, R.; H. 399, iii. 1, foot note), vanquished by desire.

498. non, no longer.

500. diversa, afar.

504. quid faceret, an indirect quotation of quid faciam.

520. Ciconum, a nation of Thrace. munere, tribute to Eurydice. 523. tum quoque, even then, though torn in pieces.

528. haec, thus.

529. sub vertice, under the whirling eddy.

530. ultro, first.

535. facilis, easy, to be propitiated.

545. inferias, in apposition with papavera.

546. nigram, cf. Æn. v. 97.

548. facessit, hasten to perform. 551. intacta, untamed.

559. uvam, grape-like swarms.

560. canebam, epistolary imperfect as in letters, in view of the time when they should be read.

562. Euphraten, cf. ii. 171.

563. per populos, as the object of Augustus' journey to the East was to regulate the government there.

564. Parthenope, the city of Parthenope, Naples, where the Siren was buried. — oti, opposed to civil or military service.

565. carmina: alluding of course to the Eclogues, which are trifling songs, hence lusi.

J. S. Cushing & Co., Printers, 115 High Street, Boston.