All alone, a. And who tolling, tolling, tolling, In that muffled monotone, Feel a glory in so rolling On the human heart a stone'- And their king it is who tolls; Keeping time, time, time, To the throbbing of the bells- To the sobbing of the bells; As he knells, knells, knells, To the rolling of the bells- To the tolling of the bells, Bells, bells, bells, e. To the moaning and the groaning of the bells.-EDGAR A. POE. RO-NIE, Gothic in character; rude. 2 TIN-TIN-NAB-U-LÃ'-TION, a tinkling, as of 3 EU-PHO-NY, musical sweetness of sound. 15 GHÖUL, a fabled demon that feeds on human flesh. 6 PE'-AN, (pè'-an), a joyous or triumphal song. LESSON IV.-SPEAKING AND DOING. And ask within, What have I done of that I have to do? Is conscience silent-say'? Oh! let my deeds be many and my words be few.-BULLEID. a. a. Heavy and prolonged monotone. b. A degree of unearthly wildness is here expressed, indicative of the exultation of the "Ghouls!" c. c. The words throbbing and sobbing are emphatic. d. d. Rolling and tolling require prolonged emphasis. e. The voice should be much prolonged on moaning and groaning-the sound harmonizing with the sense. LESSON V.-RESISTANCE TO BRITISH OPPRESSION. THE battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the active, the vigilant, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery. Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston. The war is inevitable, and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come! It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry Peace! peace! but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field. Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Heaven! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death! PATRICK HENRY. LESSON VI.- -THE AMERICAN INDIANS. As a race, they have withered from the land. Their arrows are broken, their springs are dried up, their cabins are in the dust. Their council-fire has long since gone out on the shore, and their war-cry is fast dying away to the untrodden West. Slowly and sadly they climb the distant mountains, and read their doom in the setting sun. They are shrinking before the mighty tide which is pressing them away; they must soon hear the roar of the last wave, which will settle over them forever. Ages hence, the inquisitive white man, as he stands by some growing city, will ponder on the structure of their disturbed remains, and wonder to what manner of person they belonged. They will live only in the songs and chronicles of their exterminators. Let these be faithful to their rude virtues as men, and pay due tribute to their unhappy fate as a people.-SPRAGUE. TIMES of general calamity and confusion have ever been productive of the greatest minds. The purest ore is produced from the hottest furnace, and the brightest thunderbolt is elicited from the darkest storm.-LACON. PART V. FOURTH DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY;' EMBRACING ICHTHYOLOGY,2 OR THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES. 1. Butterfly Fish, Blennius ocellaris, 6 inches. 2. Gattoruginous Blenny, Blennius gattorugine, 8 inches. Both are salt-water fish. See p. 240. 1. 2. LESSON I-NATURE OF THE STUDY. Oн, what an endless work have I in hand', To count the sea's abundant progeny 13 Whose fruitful seed4 far passeth those on land, So fertile be the floods in generation', So vast their numbers', and so numberless their nation.-SPENSER. The sounds and seas', each creek and bay', With fry innumerable swarm', and shoals8 Of fish that with their fins, and shining scales, Glide under the green wave, in sculls9 that oft Bank 10 the mid sea. Part single,' or with mate', Graze the sea-weed their pasture', and through groves Of coral stray'; or, sporting with quick glance, Show to the sun their waved coats droptil with gold.-MILTON. 3. Fishes form the last of the four divisions of the vertebrated animals. As inhabitants of a medium so widely different from that in which terrestrial12 creatures exist, and, in general, rapidly perishing when withdrawn from their native element, they are much less frequently the objects of our observation than those animals which, as sharing with us the vital13 influence of the atmosphere, and being inhabitants of the soil on which we ourselves rest, we meet with at every turn, and with the forms and habits of which we become, almost unconsciously, more or less familiar. 4. Fishes are rarely domesticated14 in our houses; we do not meet with them in our walks; they are never presented to us in our menageries; nay, we seldom find preparations of them even in our museums: we see them, for the most part, only in our markets or on our tables, and know them chiefly but as administering to our palates. If we follow them to their native haunts, 15 it is too frequently in the same spirit that we pursue the fluttering bird with our gun, or the panting hare with our hounds-in pursuit of a barbarous sport, and with no other end in view than the gratification of vanity in the contemplation of our dexterity in hooking and torturing them. 5. But are fishes, constituting, as they do, the principal inhabitants of by far the largest portion of our globe, worthy of no greater attention than this? Is their structure less wonderful, or are their habits less interesting, than those of the animals with which we are for the most part better acquainted? On the contrary, is it not reasonable to suppose that the investigation of the structure, and functions, and habits of animals so peculiarly circumstanced, will open to us sources of admiration and delight as extensive as they are novel; and, by furnishing us with so many new associations, render us still better informed with respect to animals concerning which we may flatter ourselves we have little or nothing to learn'? 6. Fishes may justly be considered to hold an important place among vertebrate animals, as furnishing food for man; and, viewed in this light alone, the subject is one of great importance, from the economical and commercial relations which grow out of it. We venture, moreover, to assure the student that, however devoid of interest this department of Natural History may seem to be when viewed from a distance, it offers to him a far greater variety of diversified forms of life than birds and quadrupeds united; and we also assure him that he will not fail to find, throughout its wide domains, numerous illustrations of the wisdom, goodness, and power of the Creator. Nature is ever eloquent: "Heaven, earth, and sea 1 Zo-ŎL'-O-GY, see Third Reader, p. 240. 3 PROG'-E-NY, inhabitants; descendants. 5 TELL, count. 9 SCULL, a shoal or multitude of fish. (Vo longer used.) 10 BANK, to cause a mound or bank by their numbers. 11 DROPT, sprinkled or variegated. 12 TER-RES'-TRI-AL, belonging to the land. 6 GEN-ER-A'-TION, production of inhabitants. 13 VI-TAL, life-sustaining. 7LRY, a crowd of small fish. SHOAL, a multitude. 14 DO-MES'-TI-CA-TED, kept in a tame state 15 HÄUNTS, retreats; places of resort. 1. LESSON II.-THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FISHES. "OUR plenteous streams a various race supply: 2. The natural history of fishes treats of their structure and form, their habits and uses, and their classification. By the term fish we are to understand an animal that has a spinal column or back-bone, and that lives in the water; that has a naked body, or a body covered with plates or scales; that moves commonly by means of fins; that breathes by means of gills instead of lungs; that has a single instead of a double heart; and that has cold instead of warm blood. 3. If these are the characteristics2 of fishes, we see the reason why such animals as whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, and some others, although they live in the water, are not fishes; for all of them breathe by lungs; they have a double heart like that found in man and all the mammalia; and they are warm-blooded. They are therefore included among the mammalia, and have already been described by us in the first great division of Natural History. 4. The blood of fishes generally assumes the temperature of the element in which they live. The red blood disks are sometimes circular and sometimes oval; but they are larger than those of the mammalia and birds, and smaller than those of reptiles. But the cold blood of fishes circulates through their bodies, and performs the same office as the warm blood in man-that of building up and repairing the body, and removing its waste and worn-out particles. 5. Fishes, the same as warm-blooded animals, need to have their blood purified by the oxygen of the air; and they are so formed as to be able to obtain from the air which is in the water a quantity of oxygen sufficient for this purpose. Their |