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of the same age is under one year of age, 32 deaths to 10,000; between one and five, 6; between five and ten, 2; between ten and fifteen, 4; between fifteen and twenty, 24; between twenty and thirty, 34; between thirty and forty, 32; between forty and fifty, 25; between fifty and sixty, 22; between sixty and seventy, 28; between seventy and eighty, 29; over eighty. 41.

periods of life. This is the true diagram from which to judge the disease, because it shows its ravages by ages among the people of the state. The popular idea of the prevalence of consumption, and an idea to some extent entertained by the medical profession, is that represented by Diagram No. 2, which shows the actual mortality from consumption, without taking into account the living; it is, in fact, a diagram of the dead alone, while Diagram No. 3 is the ratio of the dead to the living.

From these figures and the diagram, it will be seen that the mortality from consumption is very great during the first year of life-equal to the percentage of mortality between the ages of thirty and forty. The greatest immunity from the disease is between two and fifteen years of age, as will be seen by the large gap in the diagram. From the fifteenth year to over eighty the mortality is large. The highest death-sumption are constantly lessening. Dia

rate from this disease in the active period of life is reached between the ages of twenty and thirty; from thirty to sixty there is a slight diminution in its percentage of mortality; while from sixty to eighty it constantly increases.

This computation is based upon the living of those ages according to the census returns, and is, without doubt, approximately correct. The census returns of 1880 gave the living of the state as follows:

Total, 346,991. Under one, 6,144; one to five, 24,432; five to ten, 30,230; ten to fifteen, 30,669; fifteen to twenty, 32,055; twenty to thirty, 63,252; thirty to forty, 46,532; forty to fifty, 39,344; fifty to sixty, 31,998; sixty to seventy, 23.417; seventy to eighty, 14,227; over eighty, 4,695.

The facts represented by Diagram No. 3 are very important in showing the danger from consumption at all

It is upon a knowledge of the disease as represented in Diagram No. 2 that mistakes are made in the acceptance of subjects for life insurance, under the supposition that hauing passed the age of forty, the chances of death from con

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lessen a little from forty to sixty, and after that constantly increase to the end of life. This diagram shows exactly the liability to the disease, according to age, based upon the mortality of the disease in New Hampshire for the last three years.

Now let us for a moment compare the mortality rate from consumption to the mortality from all causes, to the living of the ages given.

Diagram No. 4 represents the percentages of deaths from all causes to the living of those ages. The exact percentages are as follows:

Under one, 1.42; one to five, 1.92; five to ten, 0.49; ten to fifteen, 0.33; fifteen to twenty, 0.61; twenty to thirty, 0.74; thirty to forty, 0.88; forty to fifty, 1.04; fifty to sixty, 1.52; sixty to seventy, 3.12; seventy to eighty, 6.78; over eighty, 17.50.

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DIA'M 4

DIA M 5 Diagram No. 5 shows the percentages heavy mortality rate from cholera inof deaths from consumption for the years 1885, 1886, 1887, by counties, to the total mortality of those counties. The uneven distribution of the disease is to be accounted for only after the consideration of many factors affecting different localities. A low elevation and soil moisture doubtless have much to do with the high rates of Rockingham and Strafford counties, while the low rate of Coos is from a reverse topographical condition, with a large area

fantum; in like manner, the mortality rate from consgmption varies in other localities. The diagram is simply given to present the actual facts, rather than to enlarge, at this time, upon the causes that are responsible for the variations exhibited. A study of the death rate from consumption by seasons seems to to show that there is no very marked variation from month to month. For the past three years the rate is as follows: January, 288; February, 235;

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The death rate by sex in consumption | unsanitary surroundings. is largely among women. During the past three years the mortality by sex is as follows: Males, 1,051; females, 1,369. This is readily accounted for from the

Occupation, no doubt, has its influence. in developing the disease; but our registration does not yet cover a sufficient number of years to present any facts of

value upon this subject.

From a careful study of this disease in New Hampshire for the past six years, but more especially from the registration returns of the years 1885, 1886 and 1887, the following conclusions are arrived at:

1. The disease prevails in all parts of the state, but is apparently influenced by topographical conditions, being greater at a low elevation with a maximum soil moisture. than in the higher elevations with a less moist soil. The prevalence of other diseases also affects the death rate from consumption.

2. That the season has only a small influence upon the mortality from this disease. The popular idea that the fatality is greatest in the winter is shown to be erroneous, the greatest number of deaths occurring in May.

3. That the mortality is considerably greater in the female sex.

4. That no age is exempt from this disease, but that the least liability of its develoyment exists between the ages of two and fifteen, and the greatest between twenty and thirty. Advanced age does not assure any immunity from the disease, as is generally supposed, but the smaller number of decedents is due to the fewer living persons of that advanced period of life.

5. The death rate from pulmonary consumption is relatively much the larger among the foreign born.

five years ending 1884, 16.30 per cent. This shows a greater freedom from the disease in New Hampshire than in the two states mentioned.

In this very brief paper I have attempted to show only a few leading and important facts relating to pulmonary consumption. In military warfare, it is necessary to know the strength of the enemy in numbers, how he is fortified, from what direction he is likely to make an attack, or how garrisoned, in order to be assured of a reasonable chance of success in repelling his advance, or of capturing his position. To rely upon the means at his command without this knowledge would be to invite defeat from the start. So in dealing with the fearful disease under consideration, it is necessary that the physician shall have a full knowledge of the foundation upon which is reared this appalling structure of death. Prescriptions of cod liver oil will check this advancing enemy with no greater rapidity than the rain will wash away the eternal rock of Gibraltar.

The mortality from pulmonary consumption has already been reduced durland; but the reduction has been securing the present generation in New Enged through a better knowledge of how to avoid it, rather than from any system of medication. By a well directed application of the preventive knowledge which has been gained by a study of the history of the disease, its rate of fatality should be greatly lessoned in in the future.

6. The average death rate from consumption for the years 1885, 1886 and 1887, is 12.86 per cent. of the total mortality of the state. In Massachusetts, SALOL IN DIARRHOEAL AFFEC

for the ten years ending 1886, deaths from consumption averaged 16.10 per cent. of the total mortality; and in Rhode Island, for a period of twenty

TIONS.

BY E. M. SMITH, M. D., NEWTOWN, CONN. Read before the Fairfield County Medical Society.

IN presenting this paper upon Salol in Idiarrheal affections to you to-day, I

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