trance.

RELIEVO, and Relief, are terms applied to that mode of working in sculpture by which figures are made to project from the ground or body on which they are formed, and to which they remain attached. The same term is used, whether the figure is cut with the chisel, modelled in clay, or cut in metal or plais

ter.

-There are three kinds of relievo: Altorelievo, or high relief, when the figures are so prominent from the ground, that merely a small part of them remains artached to it. Mezzo-relievo, or halfrelief, when one half of the figure rises from the ground, in such a manner that the Sgure appears divided by at Bassorelievo, or bas-relief (low relief), when the work is raised but little from the ground, as in meda's, and generally in friezes and other ornamented parts of buildings. Bas-relief is the comprehensive term by which all works in relievo are denominated indiscriminately. See Sculpture.

RELIEVO, or Relief, in painting, is the degree of boldness with which the figures seem, at a due distance, to stand out from the ground of the painting. See Painting.

RELIGION. Seditious words in derogation of the established religion are indictable, as lending to a breach of the peace. 1 Haw. 7.

REMAINDER, in law, is an estate limited in lands, tenements, or rents, to be enjoyed after the expiration of another particular estate.

REMEMBRANCERS, antiently called clerks of the remembrance, certain officers in the exchequer, whereof three are distinguished by the names of the king's remembrancer, the lord treasurer's remembrancer, and the remembrancer of the first fruits.

REMIT, in commerce. To remit a sum of money, bill, or the like, is to send the sum of money, &c.

REMITTER, in law, is where one that has a right to lands, but is out of possession, has afterwards the freehold cast upon him by some subsequent defective title, and enters by virtue of that ti ale.

REMOVER, in law, is where a suit is removed or taken out of one court into another; and is the opposite of remanding a cause, or sending it back into the same court whence it was first called.

RENDEZVOUS, or Rendevous, a place appointed to meet in, at a certain day and hour.

RENEALMIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the monandria class of plants. The corolla is rifid; the nectarium oblong; the calyx monophyllous; the anthera sessile, opposite to the nectarium; the berry is feshy. There is only one species.

RENT, is a certain profit issuing yearly out of lands and tenements corporeal.

There are at common law three kinds of rents; rent service, rent charge, and rent seck, or rack rent; rent service is where the tenant holds us land of his lord by fealty and certain rent; or by homage, fealty, and certain rent; or by other service and certain rent; and it is called a rent service. because it has some cotporal scrvice incident to it, which at least is fealty. Rent charge is so called because the land for payment of it is charged with a distress. Rent seck, or rack rent, is where the land is granted without any c'ause of distress for the same. The time for payment of rent, and conse quently for a demand, is such a convenieat time before the sun-setung of the last day, as will be be sufficient to have the money counted; but if the tenant meets the lessor on the land at any time of the last day of payment, and lenders the rent, that is sufficient tender, because the mo ney is to be paid indefinitely on that day, and therefore lenders on that day is sum

cient.

REPEAT, in music, a character shewing that what was last played or sung must be repeated or gohe over again.

REPLICATION, in music, a frequent repetition of the same sound."

REPERTORY, a place in which things are orderly disposed, so as to be easily found when wanted.

REPETEND, in arithmetic, denotes that part of an infinite decimal fraction, which is continually repeated. Thus in the numbers 2.131313, the figures 13 are the repetend.

REPETITION, in music, denotes a reiterating or playing over again the same part of a composition, whether it is a whole strain, part of a strain, or double sirain, &c.

REPETITION, in rhetoric, a figure which gracefully and emphatically repeats either the same word, or the same sense in different words.

REPLEADER. Whenever a, repleader is granted, the pleadings must begin de novo at that stage of them, whether it is the plea, replication, rejoinder, or whatever else, wherein there appears to have beer. the first default, or deviation from the regular course.

REPLEVIN, is the writ called replegiare facias by him who has cattle of other goods distrained by another, for any cause, and putting in surety to the sheni, that upon delivery of the thing distrained, he will prosecute the action against the distrainer. Co. Lit. 12.

REPLICATION, in logic, the assuming or using the same term iwice in the same proposition.

REPLICATION, an exception or answer of the plaintiff in a suit to the defendant's plea; and is also that which the complainant replies to the defendant's answer in chancery, &c.

REPORT, in law, is a public relation of cases judicially argued, debated, resolved, or adjudged, in any of the king's courts of justice, with the causes and reasons of the same, as delivered by the judges.

REPOSE, in paining, certain masses or large assemblages of light and shade, which being well conducted, prevent die

confusion of objects and figures, by engaging and fixing the eye so that it cannot attend to the other parts of the painting for some time; and thus leading it to consider the several groups gradually proceeding from stage to stage.

REPRESENTATION. There is an heir by representation, where the father dies, in the life of the grandfather, leaving a son, who shall inherit the grandfather's estate, before the father's brother, &c.

REPRIEVE, to suspend a prisoner from the execution and proceeding of the law

at that time.

REPRISE, or REPRIZE, at sea, is a mer chant-ship, which, after its being taken by a corsair, privateer, or other enemy, is retaken by the opposite party.

REPTILES, in natural history, an order of amphibia, the character of which is, that they breathe through the mouth; have feet, and flat naked ears, without auricles.

REPULSION, in physics, that property in bodies, by which, if they are placed just beyond the sphere of each other's attraction of cohesion, they mutually fly from each other.

REQUESTS, Court of, an antient court of equity, instituted about the nineteenth year of Henry VII.

RESCRIPT, an answer delivered by an emperor, or pope, when consulted by particular persons,on some difficult question, or point of law, to serve as a decision thereof.

RESCUE, or RESCOUS, is, the forcibly freeing another from an arrest or some legal commitment; which being a high offence, subjects the offender not only to an action at the suit of the party injured, but likewise to fine and imprisonment at the suit of the king.

RESEARCH, in music, is a kind of prelude or voluntary played on the organ, &c.wherein the performer seems to search or look out for the strains and touches of harmony, which he is to use in the regular piece to be played afterwards.

REIEDA, dyer's-weed, yellow weed, weld, or wild wood, a genus of the order of triEynia, in the dodecandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 54th order, miscellaneæ. The calyx is monophyllous and partite; the petals laciniated; the capsule unilocular, and opening at the mouth. There are 13species. RESERVE, body of, or corps de reserve, in military affairs, the third or last line of an army drawn up for battle.

RESIDENCE, is the continuance of a parson or vicar on his benefice.

RESIDUAL FIGURE, in geometry, the figure remaining after subtracting a lesser from a greater.

RESIDUAL ROOT, in algebra, a root composed of two parts or members, connected together by the sign-.

RESIGNATION, in the canon law, the surrendering a benefice into the hands of the collator, or bishop.

RESIGNEE, in law, the person to whom a thing is resigned.

RESIN, in natural history, a viscid juice Oozing either spontaneously, or by inci sign,from several wees as the pine, fr,&c.

RESISTANCE, or resisting foret, in philosophy, denotes, in general, any power which acts in an opposite direction to another, so as to destroy or diminish its effect.

RESISTANCE of solids, in mechanics, is the force with which the quiescent parts of solid bodies oppose the motion of others contiguous to them.

RESISTANCE of the fibres of solid bodies, is more properly called cohesion.

RESOLUTION, in chemistry, &c. the reduction of a mixed body into its component parts, or first principles, by a proper analysis.

RESOLUTION, in music, is when a canon or perpetual fugue is not written on a line, or in one part, but all the voices that are to follow the guide or first voice are written separately either in score, that is in separate lines, or in separate parts, with the pauses each is to observe, and in the proper tone to each.

RESPIRATION consists in drawing a certain quantity of air into the lungs, and throwing it out again alternately. Whenever this function is suspended, even for a very short time, the animal dies.

REST, in music, the same with pause. RESTAURATION, in architecture, the act of repairing those parts of a building that are gone to decay, in such a manner as to give it its original strength and beauty.

RESTIO, a genus of the triandria order, in the diecia class of plants. The male calyx is an ovate spike of membranaceous scales; the corolla is proper, hexapetalous, and persistent. The female calyx and corolla are as in the male; the germen is roundish, and is sex-sulcated; there are three erect and persistent styles; the capsule is roundish, with six plaits, and is rostrated and trilocular; the seeds are oblong and cylindrical. There are twenty-eight species.

RETAINER, in law, a servant who does not continually dwell in the house of his master, but only attends upon special occasions.

RETAINING FEE, the first fee given to a serjeant or counsellor at law, in order to make him sure, and prevent his pleading on the contrary side.

RETARDATION, in physics, the act of diminishing the velocity of a moving body.

RETE MIRABILE, in anatomy, a small plexus, or net-work, of vessels in the brain, surrounding the pituitary gland.

RETENTION, is defined, by Mr. Locke, to be a faculty of the mind, whereby it keeps or retains those simple ineas it has once received by sensation or reflection.

RETENTION, is also used in medicine, &c. for the state of contraction in the solids or vascular parts of the body, which makes them hold fast their proper

contents.

RETICULA, or RETICULE, in astronomy, a contrivance for the exact measuring the quantity of eclipses.

RETINA, in anatomy, the expansion of the optic nerve on the internal surface of the eye, whereupon the images of objects

being painted, are impressed, and by that means conveyed to the common sensory in the brain, where the mind views and contemplates their ideas.

RETORT, in chemistry, a kind of hollow spherical vessel.

RETRAXIT, in law, is where a plain. tiff comes in person to the court where his action is brought, and declares he will not proceed in it, in which case the action is barred for ever.

RETRENCHMENT, in the art of war, any kind of work raised to cover a post, and fortify it against the enemy.

RETROGRADATION,or RETROGRESSION, the act or effect of a thing moving backwards.

RETZIA, a genus of the monogynia order in the pentandria class of plants, and in the 29th natural order, campanacee. The capsule is bilocular, the corolla cylindrical, and villous without; the stigma bifid. There is one species of the Cape, frutescent.

REVE, REEVE, or GREVE, the bailiff of a franchise, or manor, thus called, especially in the west of England.

REVEILLE, a beat of drum about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to arise, and that the sentries are to forbear challenging.

REVELS, entertainments of dancing, masking, acting comedies, farces, &c.

REVENUE, public, the yearly income appropriated to the expences of government. There are four different sourceso public revenue: 1. The income derivedf from property vested in the public funds. 2. The emoluments of lucrative prerogatives annexed to the sovereignty. 3. VoJuntary contributions from the people. 4. Taxes or imposts, not spontaneously given, but legally exacted. From one or other of these great sources all public re venue must arise.

REVERBERATION, in physics, the act of a body repelling or reflecting another after its impinging on it.

REVERSE of a medal, coin, &c. denotes the second or back side, in opposition to the head or principal figure.

REVERSED, in heraldry, a thing turned backwards or upside-down. REVERSION, in law, is defined to be returning of lands, &c. into the possession of the donor, or his heirs.

REVERSION of series, in algebra,a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series. REVIEW, in chancery, is used for a bill where a cause has been heard, and a decree thereon signed; but some error in law appearing upon the decree, or new matter being discovered after it was made, this bill is given for a fresh examination into the merits of the cause.

REVIEW, in war, is the appearance of an army, or part of an army, in order of battle, and their being viewed by the general, that he may know the condition of the troops.

REVIEW, is also the name of one kind of periodical publications, now too much prostituted (under the shelter of anonymous criticism) to the purposes of the malice of rival authors, and the petty ar tifice of interested booksellers.

REVISE, among printers, a second or third proof of a sheet to be printed; taken off in order to be compared with the last proof, to see whether all the mistakes marked in it are actually corrected.

REVIVOR, bill of, in chancery, is a bill for reviving a cause, where either of the parties dies after the bill and answer, and before the cause is heard; or if heard before the decree is inrolled in which case this bill must be brought, praying that the former proceeding may stand revived, and be put upon the same foot ing as at the time of the abatement.

REVOCATION, in law, signifies the recalling, or annulling and making void, some power, grant, deed, &c. made be

fore.

RHAMNUS, the buckthorn, a genus of the monogynia order in the pentandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the forty-third order, dumose. The calyx is tubulous, with five minute scales surrounding the sta mina; there is no corolla; the fruit is a berry. There are forty-two species.

RHAPIS, a genus of the monogynia order, in the hexandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the first order palme. The calyx is a monophyllous trifid spatha; the corolla monopetalous and trifid. There are two species.

RHEA Americana,the American ostrich, in size, is very little inferior to the com mon one; the bill is sloped not unlike that of a goose, being flat at the top and rounded at the end; the eyes are black, and the lids furnished with hairs; the head is rounded, and covered with downy feathers; the neck is two feet eight inches long, and feathered also; from the tip of one wing to that of the other extended, the length is eight feet; it cannot fly, but it runs very swiftly; the legs are stout, and bare of feathers above the knees, and furnished with three toes, all placed forwards, each having a straight and stout claw as in the cassowary; on the heel is a callous knob, serving in the place of a back toe; the general colour of the plumage is dull grey mixed with white, inclining to the latter on the under parts; the tail is very short, and not conspicuous, being entirely covered with long, loose, and floating feathers, having its origin from the lower part of the back and rump, and entirely covering it; the bill and legs are brown.

RHEEDIA, a genus of the monogynia order, in the polyandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking with those of which the order is doubtful. The corolla is tetrapetalous; there is no calyx; and the fruit is a trispermous berry. There is one species, a tree.

RHETORIC, in the most extensive senge of the word, denotes the art of composition, or that which enables us to ap ply language or speech to the best possible advantage. According to etymology, which often affords the most satisfactory explanation of words, it signifies the art of pouring forth a stream of sentiment, and communicating with fluency our feel ings and thoughts to others. Taken in this

RIOT, in law. When three persons or more shall assemble themselves together, with an intent mutually to assist one another, against any who shall oppose them in the execution of some enterprize of a private nature, with force or violence, against the peace, or to the manifest ter ror of the people, whether the act intended was of itself lawful or unlawful; if they only meet for such a purpose or intent, though they shall after depart of their own accord without doing any thing, this is an unlawful assembly. 1 Haw. 155.

RITTERY, a genus of the class and order polyandria monogynia. The calyx is four-leaved; petal one; legume one-celled, two-valved. Thre are five species.

RITUAL, a book directing the order and manner to be observed in celebrating religious ceremonies, and performing divine service, in a particular church, diocese, order, or the like.

RIVER, a current, or stream of fresh water, flowing in a bed or channel, from its gource into the sea.

RIVINA, a genus of the tetrandria monogynia class and order. The perianthus is four-leaved, coloured, and permanent, the leaflet oblong, egged and obtuse; there is no corolla, unless the calyx is considered as such. There are four or eight filaments, shorter than the calyx, approaching by pairs, permanent; the antheræ are small. The germ is large and roundish ; the style very short; the stigma simple and obtuse. The berry is globular, sitting on the green reflected calyx, one-celled with an incurved point. There is one seed, lenseform, and rugged. There are four species.

RIX-DOLLAR, a silver coin current in different parts of Europe.

ROAD, in navigation, is a place of anchorage at some distance from shore, where vessels usually moor, to wait for a wind or tide proper to carry them into harbour, or to set sail.

ROASTING, in metallurgy, the separa tion of volatile bodies from those which are more fixed.

ROB, in pharmacy, the juices of fruit purified and inspissated till it is of the consistence of honey.

ROBBERY, is a felonious taking away of another man's goods from his person or presence against his will, putting him in fear, and of purpose to steal the same.

ROBERGIA, a genus of the class and order decandria pentagynia. The cal.

is five-parted; pet. five; drupe with one seeded nut and two valved shell. There is one species, a shrub of Guiana,

ROBINIA, false acacia, a genus of the petandria order, in the diadelphia class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 32d order, papilionaceæ. The calvx is quadrifid; the legumen gibbous and elongated. There are seventeen species.

ROBINSONIA, a genus of the icosandria monogynia class and order. The cal. is five-toothed; pet. five; berry striated, two-celled; cells one-seeded; seeds villose. There is one species, a tree of Guiana.

ROCHFORTIA, a genus of the class and order pentandria digynia; the cal, in five-parted; cor. one-petalled, funnelform, inferior; fruit two-celled, manyseeded. There are two species, shrubs of Jamaica.

ROCK, a stony mass, forming a part of the substance of this globe. Rocks are divided into five classes: namely, 1. Primitive rocks; 2. Rocks of transition; 3. Stratified, or secondary rocks; 4. Allavial depositions; 5. Volcanic rocks.

ROD, a land measure of sixteen feet and a half: the same with perch and pole.

ROE, the spawn or seed of fish. That of male fishes is usually distinguished by the name of soft-roe, or milt, and that of the female, by hard roe, or spawn.

ROELLA, a genus of the monogynia order, in the pentandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the twenty-ninth order, campa

nacea.

ROLANDRA, a genus of the class and order syngenesia polygamia superfua. The florets are bundled in a head with scales interposed; cal. partial, two-valeed, one-flowered; corollets hermaph. There is one species, a shrub of the West Indies.

ROLL, in law, signifies a schedule or parchment which may be rolled up by the hand into the form of a pipe.

ROLL, or Roller, is also a piece of wood, iron, brass, &c. of a cylindrical form, used in the construction of several machines, and in several works and manufactures.

RONDELETIA, a genus of the monogynia order, in the pentandria class of plants, and in the natural method ranking with those of which the orderis doubtful. The corolla is funnel-shaped; the capsule bilocular, inferior, and polyspermous, roundish, and crowned. There are 14 species.

ROOD, a quantity of land equal to forty square perches, or the fourth part of

an acre.

ROOT, in mathematics, a quantity considered as the basis of foundation of a higher power; or one which being multiplied into itself any number of times, produces a square, cubic, biquadratic, &c. quantity; called the second, third, fourth, &c. power of the root, or quantity, so multiplied into itself.

KOPE, hemp, hair, &c. spun into a thick yarn, and then several strings of this yarn twisted together by means of a wheel. When made very small it is call.