ted on Con

rity by a greater Number of Members, to admit all 1649. fuch who had fate in the prefent Parliament, to re- They are fume their Places, on Condition of figning the fol- admitlowing Inftrument, called the Engagement, by which dition of they rejected" all Conceffions made by the King Signing an "in the Treaty of Newport, approved of all the Engage

ment.

Presbyte

Proceedings against him, and engaged themfelves Ludlow I. "to be true and faithful to the Common-wealth as p. 306. "established without King or Houfe of Lords". By this Engagement were excluded all the Royalists, and the Presbyterians, who were the most rigid Obfervers of the Covenant. This however did not pre- Which is vent, but that a Number of the latter figned, and figned by took their Seats in the Houfe, being either lefs fcru- many pulous than their Brethren, or in hopes to recover rians. fome Influence in the Parliament. Notwithstanding Clarend. those who were known to be most incenfed against the Independents were excluded by the Committee. Edmond Ludlow, a Member of this Committee, frank- Ludlow I. ly owns in his Memoirs, that an Expedient was found P. 306. to admit only thofe from whom they believed they had nothing to fear.

takes the

The Prince of Wales received at the Hague the me- The Prince lancholy News of the tragical Death of his Father, of Wales and immediately affumed the Title of King, being Title of then Eighteen Years of Age. Two or three Days King. after the States-General, the States of Holland, and the February. Minifters of the Hague, paid him their Compli- Clarend. ments of Condolence. He qualified all those who Eftablishes were about his Perfon, and had been of Council to the a Council. King his Father, to be his Privy-Counsellors, by the

The Body of the Clergy, in a Latin Oration delivered by the chief Preacher of the Hague, lamented the Misfortune in Terms of as much Afperity and Deteftation of the Actors, as unworthy the Name of Chriftians, as could be expreffed. Clarend. Vol. III. Part the ift, 8vo Edit. p. 276.

For which Reafon perhaps the States inhibited their Minifters from infifting upon Matters of State in their Pulpits, and particularly not to meddle with England's or other Kingdom's Pro eedings. Whitlock, p. 381.

P. 275.

1649. accustomed Oath tendered to them, and with the adIs called by dition of only one Perfon *. He had no fooner ethe Queen ftablished his Council, than he received a Letter from

into

France.

the Queen his Mother, which, after Expreffions of her extreme Affliction, called him to her into France, with Advice to form no Council till fhe had fpoke with him; but the Advice came too late. In all likelihood the Queen aimed at governing the King her Son, as she had before done the King her Husband, though the Power of the new King was next to nothing. His Condition was deplorable, as he was without all Ability to maintain his Houfehold, had no Table but that of the Prince of Orange his Brother-in-Law, and fubfifted meerly by his Bounty. Is coldly This could not be of long continuance, The States of Holland in forefight that the Parliament would fhortly follicit the King's Removal out of their Dominions, would have been very glad to be discharged from the Neceffity of defiring him to be gone by his voluntary Retreat. Some of the States Deputies were even of Opinion, that the Demand of the Parliament ought to be prevented. The King was informed of this Difpofition, and wanted to be gone,

treated in

Holland.

go.

Knows not but the Difficulty was whither. He had been ill rewhither to ceived in France during the Life of his Father, and he had no room to expect now a better Reception. He knew too well the Queen Regent and Cardinal Mazarine, to flatter himself that his Friendship would be more available with them than that of the new Common-wealth of England. Therefore, though he fhould refolve to withdraw into France, it could be but for a very fhort Space of Time. On the other hand, he had no great Inclination to be with the Queen his Mother, knowing that fhe would hold him in a fort of Servitude which he could neither comply with, nor avoid, without a Rupture with He refolves her. Ireland only feemed to promife him an honou

upon Ire

land.

rable

Mr. Long his Secretary.

rable Retreat from the Situation of his Affairs there, 1649. of which it is neceffary to know the Sequel.

Ireland.

Bates II.

P. 144.

In the Year 1646, the Marquess of Ormond by ex- The Conprefs Orders from the King had concluded a Peace dition of with the Irish Rebels, in hopes of drawing from that Clarend. Kingdom Forces fufficiently ftrong to drive from Baker. thence the English Parliamentarians and the Scots, P. 592. But, advantagious as this Peace was to the Catholick, Religion, the Pope's Nuncio did not think fit to give his Confent. The Pretence was, that the Catholicks found in it neither fufficient Advantages, nor Security. But the true Reafon was, that by this Peace he would have loft all Credit, as the Marquefs was to be acknowledged Governour by the Irish themselves. He caballed therefore with fuch Succefs amongst the People, that, in Effect, they not only deferted the Marquefs, but obliged him to withdraw to Dublin, by their Infults upon him, where he was unprovided of every Thing to defend that Capital, which they were preparing to befiege. In this Extremity he chofe rather to deliver up Dublin and Drogheda to the Parliament, which he knew he was in no Capacity to defend, than to fee them fall into the Hands of the Rebels. He capitulated therefore with the Parliament, and furrendered these two Places to Colonel Jones, who took Poffeffion the 17th of June 1647. After this the Marquefs withdrew into England, where he had frequent Leave to vifit the King, then a Prifoner of the Army, till in the Conclufion, he faw himself obliged to go over into France.

After the Marquefs had quitted Ireland, the Nuncio exercifed a Tyranny, which grew intolerable to the Irish. They therefore fent to the Queen and Prince then at Paris, that they were difpofed to fhake off the Yoke laid upon them by the Nuncio; and if the Marquess of Ormond were dispatched to them with a Supply of Arms and Ammunition, they would put him at the Head of an Army capable to drive all the King's Enemies out of the Ifland. The Nuncio had

C 4

Notice

1649

Bates II. p. 148.

Notice of this Plot, and excommunicated all those who had any Hand in it: But for once he was too weak to put his Defigns in execution. His Partifans deferted him, and he was even forced to receive as a Favour the Liberty to withdraw.

1

The Marquess of Ormond long attended at Paris, expecting the Performance of a Promife made him by the Cardinal of a Supply of Money, Arms, and Ammunition. But finding at laft that he was only amufed with Promifes never like to be fulfilled, he departed without any Affiftance, and arrived in Ireland about the Beginning of October 1648, Three. Months after he concluded a New Treaty with the Grand Council of the Irish affembled at Kilkenny At the fame Time the Procefs was forming in England against the King. This Peace was by no Means general. Owen Roe O Neale who commanded in Ulster rejected it, because, as he pretended, it was not advantagious enough to the Catholick Religion. A great deal of Time was fpent to gain him, but to no Purpose. At laft the Marquefs of Ormond, not to lose the Opportunity of making Progrefs in Freland, while the Parliament was bufie in erecting their New Common-wealth, refolved to take no farther Notice of O Neale, but to act fingly with the Army which the Council of Kilkenny had in their difpofal. He put himself therefore at the Head of it, and advancing towards Dublin, took Ibid. 162. Dundalk, Newry, Trim, Drogheda, and fome other

Towns and Caftles, which facilitated his intended Siege of Dublin. On the other fide, Prince Rupert, who was Admiral for the King, being purfued by the Parliament's Fleet, put into the Harbour of Kingfale, where he was fecure, and in a Condition to favour the Marquefs of Ormond's Defign. This favourable Difpofition of Affairs made the King judge that Ireland was a convenient Retreat, where at the

Head

*This Treaty is to be met with in Bates's Elenchus Motuum, P. 145. and was very advantagious to the Roman Catholicks.

Head of an Army, he might make himself Mafter 1649. of Dublin, and afterwards of the whole Ifland. After which he hoped that with his Irish Succours, and his Friends in England, he might recover his But News from Scotland made him lay afide the Thought of the Irish Expedition for the prefent: And to Scotland we are to follow him.

Throne.

After Cromwell's Expedition into that Kingdom, Affairs of upon the Defeat of the Duke of Hamilton, Affairs Scotland. there had taken a new Turn. The Marquess of Argyle, and all the rigid Covenanters who opposed the War against England, had regained the Advantages which they had loft. The new Parliament had declared incapable of all forts of Employments, those who had a Hand in the Engagement formed by Duke Hamilton, and the Kirk had excommunicated them: So that they were looked upon as Enemies of God and the State. In this Number were the Earl of Lanerick, Brother of the Duke of Hamilton, the Earl of Lautherdale, and many others, who formed the Faction, which I fhall call Hamiltonian, and which was then entirely crushed. By this Revolution Scotland remained conftantly united with England, fo long as the English Parliament continued Presbyterian; that is to say, to the 6th of December, 1648.

The Revolution in England, upon driving the Presbyterian Members from Parliament to fill it with Independents, changed the Interefts of Scotland. The Independents mortally. hated the Scots on account of their Attachment to the Covenant, and thefe again looked upon the Independents as Enemies, which were equally formidable to them with the Royalists. This might have funk the Credit of Argyle, which partly fubfifted upon the Friendship he had contracted with Cromwell and Vane, the Chiefs of the Independents. But the Scots had a Confidence in him, because in Religion he was an approved Presbyterian, though in Politicks he leaned much to the Republican Scheme. When the Parliament of England had erected a Court of Juftice for the Tryal of the

3

King,