largest interests of her people are in her extensive and varied manufactures. In her cotton and wool industries, silk, dyeing and finishing textiles, and in her metal industries were invested, when the last census of the United States was taken, $558,963,681, or more than half a billion.

The number of persons employed in the various manufacturing industries in Massachusetts in the same census year was 437,265-nearly one half a million, or about 20 per cent. of the total population of the Commonwealth.

It will be seen, therefore, that any change or proposed change in national legislation which is likely to affect these vast interests must be a matter of the gravest concern to both the capital and the labor of the Commonwealth. The majority of the people seem to think they are justified in believing that for many years past these industries have been reasonably prosperous, and have brought fair returns to capital and fair wages to labor. To them the necessity of any radical change in existing legislation affecting the industries of Massachusetts and of the country has not been apparent. They do not believe that the extension and development of these industries in Massachusetts have been over-stimulated, or have been wanting in any of the conservative features required to make that development and extension wholesome and permanent. Industries which involve the employment of such vast capital and of such a vast number of persons cannot justly be regarded as in any way selfish or special interests, bearing severely upon the general public, and extorting an undue and exorbitant remuneration either for capital or for labor.

The conditions by which industrial enterprises in this country, and especially in Massachusetts, are environed are somewhat different from those prevailing in other countries. The paramount necessity in such a Commonwealth as Massachusetts is to maintain by all proper methods the standard of living necessary to enable the people of the Commonwealth to perform the high public, political and social duties demanded by the advanced state of civilization there established. Any change from a business or revenue policy which for a long period of time has enabled or permitted the people of Massachusetts to maintain their standard of living and the civilization growing out of it to another policy radically and essentially different must necessarily be a menace to the prosperity and a

cloud upon the future of the Commonwealth, and the time for any such change seems to have been most injudiciously chosen. If the federal treasury were overflowing, if the established policy had brought disaster and ruin instead of comfort and prosperity, if a desperate crisis in the affairs of state and nation had arisen, if bankruptcy and starvation had stared us in the face in 1892, some such change of national policy as is now proposed might have seemed to be demanded by a suffering people, and justified by necessity; but no such circumstances existed at the time this change of policy appeared to be demanded by the people. On the contrary, the material condition of the people was never better so far as the usual external indications of prosperity are to be depended upon. There seemed to be no undue stimulation of production. Goods were made, sold, and paid for, and the substantial results of these processes were found in good dividends, good wages, in the improved plants of the manufacturers and in the savings of the working people.

While I do not wish to attribute any undue importance to the proposed change of revenue policy from the protective to the revenue tariff I think it is fair to say that a radical change of any sort, when conditions of prosperity prevail, and especially a change which cannot fail to interfere materially with existing industrial conditions, must be regarded as a most important factor in bringing about the present condition of affairs.

Undoubtedly monetary disturbances or uncertainty have their due effect upon business conditions, but they are secondary both in point of time and importance to the first cause just mentioned.

I desire also to make due allowance for those general causes which appear to be operative not only in the United States but in other countries; but the monetary question and the general causes referred to came into operation, so far as the United States are concerned, subsequently to the depression and uncertainty in business, which made their appearance in the early part of the past year, and to some extent may be justly regarded as the consequences of that depression and uncertainty.

Let us hope, however, that the spirit of broad-minded and prudent statesmanship will guide the counsels of those having charge of the legislation bearing upon industrial interests and conditions, so that such an adjustment of

these interests and conditions may be freed as far as possible from elements detrimental to them.

If the Commonwealth is required to meet adversity, I doubt not that it will be met with ample courage, patience and resolution, and that under adverse and difficult circumstances and such circumstances may arise - Massachusetts will bear herself in such a manner that her future may not be out of keeping with her glorious past.

Gentlemen: Among the commonwealths of the earth we believe that Massachusetts is facile princeps. What was said of the masterpiece of Grecian architecture two thousand years ago may well be applied to Massachusetts now. To her belongs "the grandeur of antiquity and the grace of novelty." Her achievements in science, literature and art, her intellectual development and the grace and completeness of her culture have made her the Attica of the New World. In schools, in courts of law, in works of charity, in factories and in workshops, in peace and in war, on land and on sea, her energy, example and leadership have been everywhere felt and everywhere respected.

Almost three centuries of marvellous vicissitudes have robed her in the purple of heroic achievement and heroic endurance, and her brow is radiant with the newest thought of humanity.

No accumulation of wealth could compensate for the loss of individual or national character.

But Massachusetts has attained extraordinary material gains without losing the nobility and simplicity which marked the character of her early inhabitants.

As I have before suggested, the unification of the diverse elements of her population has been proceeding with a wonderful rapidity and completeness.

The oneness of the spirit of her people will manifest itself in the faith, energy and courage with which she will meet and surmount every obstacle in her pathway to peace, prosperity and glory.

Upon one thing we must insist. The people of the newer Massachusetts must be taught to revere and emulate the people of the elder Massachusetts in their fidelity to the principles of constitutional liberty, in their public spirit, and fervid devotion to the common weal. In this way only can you be assured of the efficacy of the prayer "Sicut patribus sit Deus nobis."

SPECIAL MESSAGES.

THE FOLLOWING SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS

WERE MADE BY HIS

EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR TO THE LEGISLATURE

DURING THE ANNUAL SESSION.

[To the senate and house of representatives, January 8, 1894.] I have the honor to transmit herewith to the general court a report of the pardons granted in 1893, left with me by my predecessor in office.

FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE.

January 4, 1894.

I have the honor herewith to present, in compliance with chapter 50 of the resolves of 1860, a report of the forty-six pardons issued by the governor, with the advice of the council, during the year of my administration just closing. Of the number thus released, eleven were in the state prison, sixteen in houses of correction, fifteen in the Massachusetts reformatory and four in the reformatory prison for women. Sickness was the controlling reason for the discharge of twelve, four of whom have since died.

WM. E. RUSSELL.

No. 1. JAMES WILDS. Convicted of breaking and entering, Superior Court, Essex county, Jan. 30, 1892. Sentenced to the house of correction for three years. Pardoned Jan. 26, 1893, upon the recommendation of district attorney Moody who prosecuted the case, the city marshal, assistant marshal, inspector of police, probatron officer and complainant, all of Lawrence, where the alleged offence was committed, on the ground that Wilds was innocent of any crime; that he entered the building for shelter rather than for any evil intent.

No. 2. FREDERICK S. BLODGETT. Blodgett was convicted of rape in 1868, and sentenced to the state prison for life. He was pardoned Oct. 30, 1874, on the recommendation of the then district attorney, there being doubt as to the crime committed. The pardon contained the usual condition, that, if convicted thereafter of any crime. punishable by imprisonment, he should serve the remainder of his sentence. In the spring of 1882 he was convicted of taking and driving away a horse and carriage, and sentenced to the house of correction in Worcester for two months. This, though a light offence, was a breach of the condition of his pardon, and July 22, 1882, he was recommitted, after the expiration of the last named two months' sentence, to the state prison, in pursuance of his original sentence. If, as stated by governor Long, "entitled to the pardon granted him by the governor and council in 1874, upon the grounds then given, there is no justice in punishing him a second time for an offence already expiated. If deserving of punishment for breaking the condition upon which he was pardoned in 1874, the three months already served is perhaps a sufficient penalty. In view of this, and of the recommendation of the officials, the parties owning the property, and other leading citizens, a pardon was issued Nov. 4, 1882." Since said last pardon, in October, 1885, he was convicted and sentenced to the house of correction in Worcester for eighteen months for taking (while intoxicated) and driving away a horse and overdriving the same. After the execution of said sentence, in April, 1887, he was again committed to the state prison for life for violating the conditions of his pardon granted in 1882. The nearly six years he has served since his last commitment was, in the opinion of the governor and council of 1893, ample punishment for violating the conditions of his second pardon, and he was accordingly pardoned Jan. 27, 1893.

No. 3. DANIEL GASS. Convicted of violating the license law, Superior Court, Norfolk county, Sept. 19, 1892. Sentenced to three months in house of correction and to pay a fine of $115. Pardoned Feb. 3, 1893, upon the recommendation of the complainant and many citizens of Dedham. Gass had served his term of imprisonment and six weeks in addition in default of payment of fine. It was believed, as this was his first offence, that he had been sufficiently punished, and would not again violate the law.