of any considerable degree he makes advancement of the external rectus, as, in fact, is the custom of the Parisian occulists, Dr. L. freqently depending on this without making tenotomy of the internal rectus. He also takes advantage of decentering glasses in these cases. Dr. Landolt tells me that he never opened a lachrymal abscess in his life by cutting through the cheek. He slits both canalicilu or joins the two and then treats the abscess through the large canal. Dr. L. is in the habit of occasionally making preparitory iridectomy for the extraction of cataract, and in cases of long duration frequently operates when the patient has considerable vision. The old idea of waiting until the patient is blind before the operation is made is about exploded. DR. DE WECKER'S CLINUQUe, 55 rue de cHERCHEMIDI. Our second visit is at Dr. de Wecker's Clinique, 55 Rue de Cherchemidi. Dr. W. has a very large house with many rooms and many patients. We are somewhat struck with the singular ştate of affairs here. We find several rooms full of patients of all kinds, poor and rich, as it seemed; doctors, students and patients all together, rooms dark and air bad. It seemed a perfect bedlam. Some of the patients were talking and laughing, some crying and screaming, while the doctor would fix one first, one and another, without regard to sex, age or station, and make the necessary treatment or operation. Dr. W. makes his operations in the darkened room by the electric light. In making extraction of cataract he frequently takes away the anterior capsule of the lens. Dr. de Wecker made a pretty operation for Kerato Crewo, conical cornea, by cutting out an elliptical piece of the cornea, making the first incision with a narrow cataract knife and the others by scissors, and then closing the wound by horse hair sutures. PROF. PANAS'S CLINIQUE, HOtel dieu. At Prof. Panas's Clinique all is order and quiet. Professor begins at 9:30 A. M., first treating the out patients, then going to the amphitheatre, in another part of the hospital, where he lectures for an hour or an hour and a half, and then makes his operations, thus using three to four hours. Dr. Panas always washes out the anterior chamber with a borated solution after extracting cataract. He makes the extraction without iridectomy and with most beautiful results, making, perhaps, the prettiest operation of extraction of any man that I have witnessed in all Europe. This being his particular forte as operator, Prof. Panas is the only occulist who holds a public clinique, his being a government institution, although all the other occulists have students following them and the advantages with them are equally good as at the Hotel Dieu. At Panas's there are many students, especially Greeks and French, with now and then a German or Pole, with a few English and Americans. As soon as the lecture is over there is a stampede for the operating table—what almost amounts at times to a squabble, especially among the black-headed Greeks, to get the most desirable position. There is one black, round-headed, raven-whiskered, myopic little Greek that always rushes from clinique to the amphitheatre as soon as that closes, that he may get a front seat near the table, and then as soon as the lecture is finished he makes a lunge for the table near the head and clings to it while the servants are turning it from the wall into place, with his little black head and whiskers stuck down in front of the face of the patient, only the rest of us to see through between his ears and his head, or, perfrom an elevated position on chairs from above. He is seen at all the We find him at Panas's, at allowing haps, iniques and always in the same attitude. Galezouski's, at Abadie's, at Landolt's, at Meyer's and at de Wecker's, but mostly at Panas's. above, Panas, in making extractions, usually uses two spoons, one the other below, one within the wound, keeping it open, the other Pressing upon the cornea, urging the lens into the incision. While I was going throngh Dr. Panas's wards with him he wanted to know if he had not seen me here last year. I said no, that I was in Paris ten years ago. He im mediately remarked that he remembered me very well, whereupon the gentlemen complimented him on his good memory, and I could not have the heart to tell him that it was last week at his clinique that he had first seen me. DR. GALEZOWSKI'S CLINIQUE, 23 RUE DAUPHIN. Dr. Galezowski, perhaps, has the largest clinique in Paris. He has now treated over 130,000 patients and sees about 12,000 new patients a year. Here is a good place for the study of internal diseases of the eye. Dr. G. operates for cataract without iridectomy, but does not wash out the anterior chamber, which he considers dangerous. For granulations he frequently cuts away the entire conjunctival sac and then cauterizes. On making iridectomy he withdraws the knife very quickly and the aqueous spurts out, the iris following, and is seized without introducing forceps into the chamber. DR. CHAS. ABADIE'S CLINIQUE, 172 BOUL. ST. GERMAN. Dr. A. is one of the most scientific oculists in the world. He operates for cataract without iridectomy, as a rule, but selects his cases. For granulations he uses a solution of glycerine and sulphate of copper, instead of the water soHe thinks it much better. In strabismus Dr. Abadie frequently dissects the tendon free, cuts off the corners of the attached ends without making iridectomy. DR. MEYER'S CLINIQUE. Dr. Meyer is celebrated for his success with kerititis and affections of the conjunctiva. He has a great many children in his clinique, and very often traces the diseases of the conjunctiva to affections of the nose, by regarding rhinitis or catarrh of the nose as cause and not effect, and so treating gets unusually good results. We visit a few other cliniques in Paris besides the oculists, among them that at l'Hospital Lobonsiar, where we see Dr. Perries make ovariotomy. We are ushered into a small room where there is an open fire of bright cannel coal all aglow, steam atomizer of carbolic spray, assistants with clean white linen coats, sleeves rolled up to elbows, instruments disinfected and ready, the patient is brought in, the abdomen washed with sublimate, the operator washes his hands in sublimate, no hand but his and his one first assistant is allowed to come near the incision, no one is allowed in the room who has visited the dissecting room or any erysipelas case within one week. Our month being up, we take leave of Paris, spending the last evening, FLAVEL B. TIFFANY. ALLOPATHY AGAIN. As Dr. Damour has evidently taken my correspondence in a different way from which it was intended, I would ask the use of your columns to explain more fully why I object to being called an allopathic physician. Doctor Damour tries to throw discredit on the definition of allopathy I quoted by insinuating that I originated it. I would call his attention to the fact, well understood by philologists, especially such as endorse phonetic spelling, Volapük and the like, that while a single individual or circumstance may originate a word and fix a certain meaning to it, after such word has been formed, derived, it may be, from one or two words of another language and a certain meaning attached to it, wherever used, then it is no insignificant matter to say: "I do not like the definition of that word, here is a better one, take this." To make such a change requires at least the united action of a large portion of those affected by such a word. Dr. Damour's plan, if allowable, would permit a homœopathic physician to say: "I don't like this name of homoeopath, but as long as it has been applied to us let us define homœopathy as the mode of medical treatment which treats disease with remedies that cure it." Such an exchange of definitions is from the derivation of the word an impossibility. Now taking the word "Allopathy," Worcester quotes Dunglison and the latter defines it as "the opposite of homoeopathy; or, according to Hahnemann, a method of treatment, in which remedial agents are employed, the action of which, on healthy men, produces morbid phenomena different from those that are observed in the sick person. The ordinary medical practice is so designated by the homoeopathist. This definition, the doctor says, "would not be so very bad" if the word "healthy" were left out. Unfortunately for the doctor's opinion, Hahnemann and his followers proved their drugs on healthy organisms and used those which caused symptoms similar to those of the disease they sought to cure, and claimed that all who did not use those, and those alone, were allopathists, using drugs which produced on the healthy organism symptoms different from, or opposed to, those present in the patient. I agree most emphatically with Dr. Cathell that it is doubtful whether there ever was a real allopathist, and the name is a name almost of reproach, given by Dr. Hahnemann, which it is sought to dignify by attaching to it a new definition, merely because many people still use the term. Inquiry among the medical centers of the East shows that the number who call themselves allopathists is decreasing. They are content without any other name that that of physician, or, if they are to distinguish themselves from homoeopaths, regular. Incidentally, concerning the definition, Dr. Damour proposes, "Allopathy, the mode of medical treatment that antagonizes by elimination, or otherwise, the various diseases of the body." I would ask if that definition is not broad enough to cover allopathy, homoeopathy, eclecticism, hydropathy and surgery? It seems to me that all treatment is supposed to antagonize, by elimination or otherwise, disease. That, to my mind, is a good definition of medicine in general, and it does not limit, even by implication, the right of a physician to use any and all legitimate, means for the restoration of health. I am the last one to assert that the regular or allopathic school is the only orthodox one, and, if the charge of narrow-mindedness is to be brought against it should rather be against that one who sticks up for a special and dis tinctive term and fears that unless he is designated as allopathic people may think him a homœopath. My opinion is, and has been, that this distinction of any, should not exist, and as the first step toward it we should drop distinctterms and be content to serve our time and generation as physicians. Very truly yours, schools ive Leavenworth, Kansas, March 16, 1888. W. D. BIDWell. IN MEMORIAM. GARRETT R. BALDWIN, M. D. He was Dr. G. R. Baldwin, of Ft. Scott, Kansas. died March 4, 1888. one of the most prominent and widely known physicians of that state, he having had a very extensive consultation practice in many counties of South-west Missouri and Southern Kansas. He located in Ft. Scott in 1866 where for two decades he has engaged in the practice of his profession, as beloved by his patrons as admired by his professional associates. The following resolutions adopted by a meeting of the physicians of the city show unmistakably the high esteem in which he was held in the community. Resolved, That the medical profession of Ft. Scott has received with profound sorrow the announcement of the death of Dr. G. R. Baldwin. Resolved, That in his death the profession in which he was an honorable member, distinguished for his attainments and abilities, has met with an irreparable loss, while we, as individuals, have lost a friend and a brother who was ever and always ready and willing to assist and aid with cheering sympathy and advice, and active and positive assistance whenever and wherever possible. Resolved, That to know Dr. Garrett R. Baldwin was to love him as a man, and to revere and admire him for his eminence and deserved standing in his chosen profession; and we do hereby extend to his bereaved family, the beloved wife and children, our most profound sympathy and grief at the great sorrow that has overtaken them in their affliction. Knowing well that at such times as these the most sincere words of consolation fall upon the ears of stricken loved ones as hollow form, and that time alone can give relief from the the acute agony of grief, we can assure them that our sympathy goes out to them in this hour from our heart of hearts, in accord with regrets and sorrow of the whole community in which he had so long lived and labored, and in whose confidence and love he had so deeply and firmly entrenched himself. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect and esteem the members of this profession will attend his funeral in a body. BOOK TALK. AITKIN'S HANDBOOK OF TREATMENT. A Complete Handbook of Treatment, by William Aitkin, M. D., F. R. S., Professor of Pathology in the Army Medical School, Edinburg. Edited with notes and additions by A. D. Rockwell, A. M., M. D., New York. 12mo., PP. 444. New York: E. B. Treat, 771 Broadway. This neatly-printed, beautifully bound little book contains about one thousand formulæ, arranged as an alphabetical index of diseases. The description of each affection is necessarily brief, but the directions for the use of the line of treatment laid down are sufficiently explicit and plain. A proper diagnosis having been reached, it is only the matter of a moment to search for the disease in question, and there find all the important remedies advised by prominent authorities. While it is true that no forgetful" man should be a physician, still there are many such. To them Aitkin's Handbook will be a "God-send," and it will be a welcome visitor to the table of many others as well. To some, a work of this character is indispensible-though it ought not to be—and to these the editor would say: You can do no better than to purchase this, a standard work, carefully revised so that its list of remedies includes the latest drugs introduced to popular favor, such as antipyrine, paraldehyde, etc. The general plan of the book may best be shown by giving the TREATMENT OF CYSTITIS. "The causes must if possible be removed. Purging, together with opiates, diluents and the warm bath, are the best means of curing the acute affections. "Chronic inflammation of the bladder, and especially catarrh, is very difficult to cure, and often our best directed efforts are unsuccessful. Opium is the remedy of greatest value, especially aided by hot hip baths, hot fomentations over the abdomen, and linseed meal poultices, with or without mustard or turpentine, over the hypogastric region. Suppositories of morphia are of great use, containing half a grain to a grain of opium; but if the pain be very great, much larger doses may be given-as much as two to four grains of opium, with ten to fifteen grains of extract of hyoscyamus in a suppository at the hour of sleep. "Alkaline and demulcent drinks should at the same time be given. The state of the urine is one of the surest guides in our attempts to cure the patient. If the urine be acid, the best medicines are the neutral salts, or alkalies, with opium; if the urine be alkaline, or greatly loaded with mucus, the mineral acids are of the most service, combined with an opiate. Thus the infusio rosæ cum acidi sulphuric. dilut. m ij to v, cum magnesii sulphas zi, cum tinct. opii, m iij to v, every sixth hour, is one of our best and most successful remedies. "Tonics often succeed when other remedies fail, and of these salicine is one of the best; it may be given in doses of two grains every six hours. It must |