truly royal. When in private, he dreffed plain and humbly, like a religious, and daily, without fail, prayed with many in company. Frequently on holidays and Fridays, when travelling, he would read the prayers himself, in the grand tent of audience, and repeat portions of the Koraun with a tone and fweetnefs which captivated the most eloquent Arabians. He never miffed the devotions of the latter part of the night, and frequently employed the whole in prayer. In the early part of the evening, he had generally an affembly of the religious, or learned men. He himfelf related * traditions, in the number of which he excelled, as well as in a know ledge of the holy laws. He had explored the different opinions of all fects, read the works of all freethinkers, and was well acquainted with the hypotheses of each. On this account, fome over-ftrict devotees accufed him of heterodoxy in his religious opinions, through mere envy of his fuperior abilities. I heard most of his tenets, and lamented the infolence of his vain critics; for it was as clear as the fun, how juft and orthodox he was in his opinions on religious points. But how can I enumerate all his perfections! It would fill volumes to recite but a fmall part.' who gave himself no trouble about ftate affairs, or to gain the attachment of any of the nobility, as will be feen when I come to relate his reign. Azeem Oofhawn, the fecond fon, was a statesman of winning manners. Aulumgeer had always purfued the policy of encouraging his grandfons, and employing them in public affairs; for, as his fons were ambitious, of great power, and at the head of armies, he thus prudently controuled them, by oppofing to them enemies in their own families, as Bedar Bukht to Azim Shaw, and Azeem Oofhawn to Shaw Aulum. To the latter he had given the advantageous government of the three provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Oriffa, from whence he had now come with a rich treasure, and confiderable army; and though in the late battle he had performed great fervice, yet he was fufpected by his father, and dreaded as a rival: but to relate the causes would be ufelefs prolixity. Ruffeh Oothawn, the private companion and favourite of his father, was a prince of quick parts, a great proficient in religious learning, a fine writer, and of much knowledge in the law, but at the fame time addicted to pleasure, particularly fond of mufic, and the pomp of courtly fhew. He paid no attention to public affairs, or even thofe of his own houfhold. Khojefteh Akhter Jehaun Shaw had the greatest fhare of all the princes in the management of affairs, before his father's acceffion to the throne; after which, the * Anecdotes and maxims of the prophet. + Anglice, Refpecter of the faith. 1 Anglice, Of high rank. Of happy ftar, king of the world, whole whole adminiftration of the empire was long influenced by him. He had the clofeit friendship and connection with Monauim Khan, who, by his interelt, was appointed vi zier." The following is the account given of the behavirur and conduct of Jenodaur Shaw, after he became Emperor. Bit known to thofe of enlight ered anderlandings, and to the acquainted with the ufages of the world, that if, in the relation of the afairs of my liege and hereditary lord, the emperor Moiz ad Dien Jehaundaur Shaw, fome obfervations and expreflions should escape my pen, contrary to refpect, and the examples of the hiftoriographers of princes, they will not proceed from difaffection or a prejudiced mind. I know they are improper from the pen of a fervant, and God forgive me! but by them I mean no difaffection to his perfon, or difrefpect to the family of Timur; no vent of my own fpleen; no view to flatter a fucceffor, by difparaging his rival, nor malicious abufe for the neglect or difappointment I may have fuffered during this reign. I fwear by God, and God is a facred witneffer of oaths, that I loved him as my fovereign; but, as it was incumbent on me to record the actions of the reigning prince, good or bad, wife or foolish, in public and private, if they were, without one exception, all unworthy, what can I say, as a faithful writer? Let it be remembered, that I was nourished for fifty years under the benignant fhadow of the great and glorious emperor Aulumgeer. How fad the alteration I now beheld ! Of this man, this wretched idiot, oppofite to him in every quality, fucceeding to the very fame empire, fitting on the very fame throne, and the actions he did, what can I fay, or in what terms paint the difgraces they fuffered by his acceffion ?—I had beheld upon the throne an emperor. Warmth of expreffion ope rates in advice: the friends to the *Imaums, from the ardor of their loyalty to the house of Ali, heightened their ftyle, and reprefented with all the eloquence of zeal (for which they have been ever praised by good men) that the oppreffed might draw the fword against a worthlefs tyrant. But I only mean a warning to the family of Timur; for the head of which, let his character be what it may, if I hesitate to facrifice my life, may I be numbered with traitors, and abhorred by my friends! When Jehaundaur Shaw, by the intrigues and fupport of the ameer al amra Zoolfeccar Khan, had triumphed over his three brothers, and afcended the throne of empire without the fear or dread of a competitor, all the cuftoms of time were changed. He was in himself a weak man, effeminately careful of his perfon, fond of eafe, indolent, and totally ignorant of the arts of government. He had alfo blemishes and low vices unworthy of royalty, and unknown among his illuftrious *The two chief Imaums were the fons of Ali, by the daughter of Mahummud, and were put to death by the caliph Maweeah, one by poison, and the other in battle, with all their children except one, from whom defcended the other ten Imaums, and the race of Syeds, fo highly refpected among the Ma hummedans. ancestors. He made the vaft empire of Hindoftan an offering to the foolish whims of a public courtezan, which tortured the minds of worthy fubjects loyal to his family. The relations, friends and minions of the mistress, ufurped abfolute authority in the ftate; and high offices, great titles, and unreafonable grants from the Imperial domains, were fhowered profufely on beg garly musicians. * Two corores of rupees annually were fettled for the houfhold expences of the miftrefs only, exclufive of her cloaths and jewels. The emperor frequently rode with her in a chariot through the markets, where they purchafed, agreeable to whim, fometimes jewels, gold, filks, and fine linen; at others, greens, fruits, and the most trifling articles. A woman named *About two millions fterling. + Zohera, keeper of a green-ftall, one of Lal Koor's particular friends, was promoted to a high rank, with a fuitable jaghire, and her relations exalted to the emperor's favour, which they used to promote the interefts of the courtiers, for large bribes: nor did the nobility decline their patronage, but forgetting their honour, and facrificing decency to the prefent advantage, eagerly flocked to pay adoration to the royal idols, whofe gates were more crowded with equipages in general than thofe of the Imperial palace, fo that to pass through the street where they refided was a matter of difficulty, by reafon of the throng. To do them juftice, many of them had generous minds, and performed various good actions in the use of their influence at court. The ridi The celebrated Nizam al Mulluk, who at this time lived a very retired life at Dhely, was one day paffing in a pallekee, with only a few attendants, when, in a narrow street, he was met by Zohera, who was riding on an elephant, with a great train of fervants. The nizam endeavoured to get out of the way; but, notwithstanding this, Zohera's fervants were infolent to his attendants, and, as fhe paffed by, fhe exclaimed, "Are you the fon of the blind man?" This enraged the nizam, who commanded his people to pull her from her elephant; which they did, with rudenefs. She complained to the miftrefs, who prevailed on the weak Jehaundaur to take notice of it, and command Zoolfeccar Khan to punish the nizam. The nizam had suspected this to happen, and had informed the minifter of the affair. When Jehaundaur Shaw fpoke to him, he was answered, that, to punish the nizam for having corrected an infolent upstart, would enrage all the nobility, who would confider the honour of the order as hurt by any affront to the nizam. Jehaundaur, upon this, did not enforce his commands. Upon Jehaundaur Shaw's promoting one of his mistress's relations, a mufician, to a high rank, Zoolfeccar Khan, ameer al amra, out of fneer, demanded of the new-made lord, as a fee for putting his feal of office to the patent, one houland fmall tabors. The musician complained to Lall Koor, his patronefs, of the indignity offered him; and he told the emperor, infifting that he should reprimand the ameer al amra. Jehaundaur Shaw accordingly reproached the minifter, who ironically replied, that, as mufic, was the beft recommendation with his majefty for promotion, he had asked the tabors to deliver out to perfons of family, that they might, by practifing upon them, qualify themselves for high office, and fucceed as well as their inferiors, the muficians. Jehaundaur Shaw felt the force of the fatire, and, being afraid of his minifter, withdrew the patent. culous culous jaunts of the emperor and his mistress at laft grew to fuch a pitch, that on a certain night, after fpending the day in debauchery, and vifiting different gardens near the city, in company with Zohera the herb-woman, they retired to the houfe of one of her acquaintance who fold fpirits, with which they all became intoxicated. After rewarding the woman with a large fum, and the grant of a village, they returned in a drunken plight to the palace, and all three fell afleep on the road. On their arrival, Lall Koor was taken out by her women; but the emperor remained fleeping in the chariot, and the driver, who had shared in the jollity of his royal mafter, without examining the machine, carried it to the ftables. The officers of the palace, after waiting till near morning for his arrival, on finding that the mistress had entered her apartments without the emperor, were alarmed for his fafety, and fent to her to enquire concerning his fituation. She defired them immediately to examine the coach, where they found the wretched prince fast afleep in the arms of Žohera, at the distance of nearly two miles from the palace. This fcandalous event afforded matter of offence to all good fubjects, but of mirth and laughter to the weak Jehaundaur and his abandoned favourites. He after this still more expofed his vices to the public, often, as he paffed through the ftreets, feizing the wives and daughters of the lower tradefmen. Once a week, according to the vulgar fuperftition, he bathed with Lall Koor, concealed * only by a fingle cloth, in the fountain of the Lamp of Dhely, in hopes that this ceremony would promote pregnancy. Happy was the day in which he was bathed in his own blood! The mistress had the infolence to abuse the princess + Zebe al Niffa, daughter of the emperor Aulumgeer, and aunt to Jehaundaur Shaw, with expreffions fo vile as were unbecoming the meaneft perfon. This princefs had neglected to pay compliments to her, which the received from other ladies of rank, and Lall Koor, enraged at this, teazed the emperor to reprove his aunt, and oblige her to fhew attention towards her; but all was vain. However, he fo far complied with her unreasonable entreaties, that he left off visiting the princefs, and declined going to an entertainment she had prepared for him, without inviting Lall Koor. How fhall I relate all his follies? The above-mentioned are fufficient to fhew the fad changes of affairs, public and private. His other indecencies are too unworthy of record to relate." Hiftory and Character of Lord Digby, by the Earl of Clarendon, from the Supplement to the third Volume of his State Papers. [The following History and Account of fo remarkable a Character as the Lord Digby, and written by the Earl of Clarendon, is of fo very interefting a nature, as to make it impoffible for us, notwithstanding its length, to abridge or curtail any part of it, without depriving our * A celebrated fakeer fo entitled. Anglicè, Ornament of the fex. Reader Reader of a proportionable quantity of Knowledge and Amujement.] H E was of a very extraordinary compofition by nature, and if he had not from thence had fome infirmities very prevalent over him, the advantages he had in his education must have rendered him a perfon of rare perfection; and in truth, a perfon of rare parts he was. He was born in Spain, in the early growth of his father's greatnefs, who failed for many years with a full gale of fuccefs, till he was grown to a great height both in title and fortune. In which time his fon received all the benefits of all forts, which a liberal fupport, and a well ordered education could bring to him; and though he made a journey or two into his own country, yet his whole breeding upon the matter was in Spain, till he was thirteen years of age; fo that that language might very well be called his own, and no Spaniard poke it more naturally than he did ever after. When by the all-difpofing power of the Duke of Buckingham, his father was not only removed from court, but committed to the Tower, he was fent with a petition to the house of commons on his father's behalf, which he delivered at the bar, with a fhort fpeech of his own; which being delivered with confidence, by a youth very young, of delicate features, and a very graceful perfon, made a good impreffion on that body, and caufed him to be looked upon as a young man of great expectation; but the fame cloud of prejudice and disfavour ftill covering his father, though he had his liberty, the whole family retired into the country. His father grew rich, and was efteemed as a very wife man, who had failed very profperoufly, and made a great voyage whilft the wind was with him, and when it. raged against him in terrible storms and tempeíts preferved himself unhurt, and refted in greater fecurity than his enemies; and, it may be, his reputation and efteem was the greater for having no favourable afpect from the court. In this calm the young gentleman was fent to the univerfity of Oxford, being excellently prepared by his youthful ftudies for that approach; and from thence, after fome years spent with notable fuccefs in all kind of learning, he went into France, in the language whereof he was well versed, and had been carefully inftructed; and, after fome time spent there, in a condition liberally fupported for any virtuous improvement of himfelf, but not for riot or impertinence, he returned again to his country, and his father's houfe, the moft accomplished perfon that that nation, or it may be, that any other at that time could prefent to the world, to which the beauty, comelinefs, and gracefulness of his perfon gave no small luftre. It was no fmall advantage to him, that the misfortune of his father (though fuch benefits are feldom grateful to thofe who moft enjoy the fruit of them) made his retreat and refidence in the country abfolutely neceffary, for he had feveral temptations and inclinations in his nature, which, if he had lived in court, would have brought him fconer into many difficulties which he was afterwards perplexed with, when he was better able to ftruggle with them; and there being no footing for him there, neceffity made it his choice to live in the country in his father's houfe; in which he enjoyed, |