fragment from the school, which is exceeded only by another legend preserved by the same author in his Collectanea Cambrica, which represents the burying of some pigs from Oxford, in a stone chest, at Dinas Emrys.

I must however leave these pigs at present in arca lapidea, and have a few parting words with Mr. S. His rhodomontade is truly amusing, in which he declares his determination at all hazards to ride his hobby, and stick to the last, even should he suffer martyrdom like Tudvyl.

"I am more thoroughly convinced than ever that 'the grave of Gwallog the Tall is in Carrog,' Cardiganshire;" and I am equally determined that Gallawg ap Lleenawg shall rest peacably in his grave on the banks of the brook of Carrog in Arfon.

"There are or were some singular monumental pillars in the neighbourhood of Carrog House." Here is a loop hole with a vengeance between two tenses, the present and past, for Mr. S. to secure a timely retreat when in the very act of falling, ben-tra-mwnwgl, into a mouse-trap; but even this will not serve him in such a fearful emergency. For I can assure him that Carrog House, near Aberdaron, is a mansion of much greater antiquity, and surrounded by more lasting memorials of the descendants of Cunedda Wledig, in the form of churches, &c., than any which Mr. Stephens, with all his ingenuity, can point out in any locality in South Wales.

Craig y Dinas, March 11, 1853.

FRENCH-WELSH.

To the Editor of the Archeologia Cambrensis.

CILMYN.

SIR,-The following rather pardonable blunder, extracted from the Histoire des Gaulois of M. Amedée Thierry, will amuse Welsh scholars:-"La collection la plus complète des documens littéraires des Gallois a été publicé à Londres sous le titre anglo-gallois de Myvyrian Archaeology of Wales, que l'on pourrait rendre en français par celui d' Archéologie intellectuelle des Gallois."—Introduction, p. cxxxviii. Note.

I am far from wishing by this notice to lower the value of the work in your readers' eyes: on the contrary, I recommend it strongly to all who wish for anything like a clear view on the very intricate subject of Celtic ethnology.-I am, &c. W. B. J.

University College, Feb. 28, 1853.

CLAWDD COCH.-MR. WYNNE FFOULKES.

To the Editor of the Archeologia Cambrensis.

SIR,-I have been requested by the daughter of the late Rev. Walter Davies, to vindicate the reputation of her father, whom I held in great esteem, from some aspersions which she deems Mr.

Wynne Ffoulkes to have cast upon him; but on that point I cannot interfere, as it appears to me that Mr. Ffoulkes has not laid himself open to any such charge, and that Miss Davies has taken offence without sufficient cause.

The subject matter is this. In a note to his paper on "The Site of the Last Battle of Caractacus," (Arch. Camb. 1851, p. 144,) he states, on the authority of a Mr. Asterley and his mother, that in his grandfather's time, a piece of silver with a device on it, round like a five shilling piece, and as large as the palm of his hand, with some pieces of metal like the tops of spoons, but very small, were found at Clawdd Coch, and given to the_curate at Llanymyneich, for the purpose of being submitted to the Rev. Walter Davies, for his opinion upon it; but "the reverend gentleman, the curate, never had the grace to return it;" and "thus is lost to us an important piece of evidence in the history of Clawdd Coch." Mr. Ffoulkes goes on to observe that "Mr. Asterley believed them to have been Roman reliques. Perhaps the portions of what he described as very small spoons may have been portions of ligula. I believe there is every reason for thinking that the Romans visited Clawdd Coch at some period or other.”

As already intimated, Mr. Ffoulkes is fully exonerated from the charge of having said aught against the late Mr. Davies; but there are grave doubts in the way of accepting Mr. Asterley's statement. Miss Davies states that had such relics been found, her father would have heard of them; and having heard of them, they would not have been lost to the public. I think so too. One thing is clear, that thirty-three years ago, the reputed Roman station at Clawdd Coch was the subject of antiquarian discussion, and frequently supported by the late Rev. Peter Roberts. This will probably correspond to the time of Mr. Asterley's grandfather; and if it be borne in mind that the following remarks were written after Peter Roberts had made known his views, they will be seen to overbalance the testimony of Mr. Asterley, and to leave the Roman character of Clawdd Coch in statu quo, if not to overturn it altogether. In the CambroBriton, of May, 1820, the Rev. Walter Davies wrote some topographical notices of the parish of Llansilin, county of Denbigh, and at p. 339, we find the following remarks:-"They (the editors of the Beauties of England and Wales,) cry 'Ecce Mediolanum!' at Pen y Bont, the extremity of the southern wing of this parish, upon the junction of the Cynllaith with the Tanat. This is the spot fixed upon in the body of the work, but in the map of the stations, &c., prefixed, Mediolanum is not put down at Pen y Bont, but at Cland Coch. The late learned Mr. Peter Roberts had viewed this spot, and would fain insist, in conversation, that it was the identical spot where Mediolanum once quartered the legions of ambitious Rome. I had myself, some years before, been rather sanguine on the subject; and in consequence of preconceived ideas, hastened to CLAWD COCH full of expectations. When I

arrived, I found, fortunately, a team in the field ploughing: and the farmer declared, that he had seen the piece ploughed & harrowed occasionally for upwards of forty years past, but had never seen nor heard of any Roman relics, coins, brick, or utensils, the indispensable accompaniments of Roman stations.-W. D." Mr. Davies then goes on to show that Clawdd Coch was probably a foss made for the defence of Carreghova Castle, destroyed about the beginning of the thirteenth century. The farmer's team drew the plough; but if they might be used to draw an inference, it would be this:-the farmer was Mr. Asterley's grandfather, and yet he had never seen or heard of any Roman relics, coins, brick, or utensils, &c.

Commending these remarks to the attention of Mr. Ffoulkes and your other readers,—I am, &c.,

Merthyr Tydfil, Feb. 28, 1853.

T. STEPHENS.

Miscellaneous Lotices.

METHOD OF TAKING IMPRESSIONS OF CARVED OR INSCRIBED STONES.

I HAVE seen a very simple and effective mode for taking impressions of carved or inscribed stones in use at the British Museum. It is in fact so effective that the recent engravings of the arrow-headed inscriptions from Nineveh have been made from impressions taken in the following manner :-The surface of the stone is carefully cleaned with a soft dry brush, and then a sheet of thick porous paper is laid over it, such as thick blotting paper, which has previously been damped, and then the paper is gently tapped with a slightly wetted soft brush, such as a common hat brush, (the paper being held firmly down at the corners,) until it gradually sinks into the impressions of the stone. Should the impressions or incisions be deep, of course the paper cracks in the deepest part of the incision, and then a second, or more, layers of paper are added, or bits laid on to the cracked parts, and the tapping continued until the paper is pressed into every hole and crevice of the stone. The repeated tapping of the brush upon the porous paper has the effect of uniting the several layers into a solid mass, which must be left on the stone till the whole is thoroughly dry, when it is easily removed from the stone, and a perfect impression (of course reversed) is obtained. J. O. W.

LACY ARMS.

In reply to the inquiry of a correspondent in the last Number of the Archæologia Cambrensis, we submit the following:

I can procure a copy of the Inq. from the Tower, if your correspondent will pay the expense. From the extracts already published, vol. i. First Series, p. 349, and vol. iii. New Series, p. 222, he will

perceive that the Extent gives particular information, whereas the Inquisition only gives general; a transcript of the latter as regards Lancashire is in the Harl. MSS., and some names of that county do appear, (vol. iv. First Series, p. 69.) The Extent of Denbigh gives a perfect description of the lordship, with the tenants' names, holdings, rate and amount of rent paid. As a further example of each, I add, (from the Extent),

Fol. 2b.

Terræ

dominicæ arrentatæ

ad voluntatem.

Fol. 21.

Manerium de Kylforn.

Item Johannes de Romworthi et Ricardus del Peek tenent juxta Cloyd quandam placeam terræ pro xij acras; quæ continet xij acras et xxviij perticas, reddendo pro acræ xviij denarios ad terminos prædictos (Sc Pentecost: et St Michael).

Villata de Lleweny.

Ricardus del Peek tenet eodem modo (sc hæred:) xl acras j rodam, dimidium; reddendo per annum in grosso

Idem Ricardus tenet iij acras terræ prætio acræ viijd et j rodam, prætio iijd reddendo (&c.) Ed idem Ricardus tenet iiij? acras terræ, prætio acræ viijd reddendo (&c.)..

xxviijs ijd

ijs iijd

ijs iiijd

Fol. 22.

Thomas filius Ricardi del Peek tenet vj acras terræ, pretio acræ viijd, & iij rodas, prætio, ixa, (&c.) ..

iiijs ixde

Parcus de Lleweny.

Fol. 24.

Fol. 24b.

Ricardus del Peek tenet iiij acras, iij rodas, et v perticas terræ, pretio acræ, ut supra, (sc xijd) reddendo (&c.)

Le Polflat, in Villata de Lleweny. Rogerus del Peek tenet iij acras j rodam, dimidium prætio acræ, xxd.

(From the Inquisition),

iiijs xdз

obolum quadrantum et dimidium.

vs vijd

obolum.

Caymerth.-Et dicunt quod prædictus comes habuit apud Caymerth de redditu assiso liberorum tenentium Wallensium xx1i viijd.............. ad festa Natal Domini, Apostolorum Sancti Petri et omnium

et Jacob....

Sanctorum, æquis portionibus.

Item habuit in Roweynok de redditu assiso tam liberorum tenentium quàm villanorum xvli, et lx3 tam de liberis quàm de nativis pro quâdam custumâ quæ vocatur Tung,* (&c., &c.)

London, January, 1853.

RICHARD PEAKE.

1 Another name from Lancashire place. See vol. iv. First Series, p. 69; vol. i, New Series, pp. 137, 153; ii. pp. 69, 79, 165; iii. pp. 69, 70, 79, 80, 222,

2 The above 52 acres, but little doubt, part of the present Perthewig. See vol, iv. First Series, p. 66.

3 But little doubt the present" Peake Meadow." What were these customs Tung and Amob"?

ARCH. CAMB., NEW SERIES, VOL. IV.

See vol. i. First Series, p. 349.

X

2

PRICES IN DENBIGH, A.d. 1742.-Butter in the tub of 72, 78lb., 3d. & 4d., 13lb., 41d.; quarter of beef, £1 Os. 6d.; line of veal, 11d.; roast beef, 24d.; quarter of mutton, 1s. 6d.; cowheels, 2d.; butter and cow's head, 1s.; . chickens, 10d.; . ducks, 3s.; cheese 20lb., 6s. 6d.; candles the dozen,3 6s. 6d.; Tea per lb., 7s.; paid the carrier to buy lb. of green, 4s.; brandy, 5s. 6d. per gallon; wine 1s. 8d., 1s. 10d. per bottle; tent wine, 3s. per bottle; oats, 2s. 6d. per hobbet; wheat, a measure, 5s.; barley, 5s. 7d. per hobbet; peas, 4s., 4s. 2d.; turf, cart load, 2s., 4, 10s., 4 sacks of, 10d.; coal load, 5s. 6d.;5 mixt corn, 4d. p. fiolet; 2 hankerchiefs, 7s.; 4 pair boys' shoes, (age 6 to 9,) 7s.;6 vamping boots, 4s.; boiling 17 large & 23 small silver buttons, 2s.; horse to dry clothes, 1s. 9d.; pilelets, 6d.; hire of horse to Bangor 4 days, 4s. 10d.; expenses of 4 days, 15s. 10d.; quarter's shaving to Owens of the Royal Oak, 2s. 6d.; Bible & clasps, 2s. 10d.; Elizabeth Myddelton for journeys to Chester, 3s. the day; Wrexham & Oswestry, 5s. It appears that Jack Conway was undersheriff, and Jack Wynne the barber. Rebeccah the midwife, 10s. 6d.; Dr Jones 1 gua., & 10s. 6d.; Dr Taylor of Holywell, 1 gua.; Dr. Gower of Chester, £3. 3s.; Mr. Owens apothecary, 10s. 6d., also 1 moidore,7 13s. 6d.; Mr. Kerry, surgeon, 2s. 6d.; Thomas Peine of Llangwyfen for half year's nursing the child, £2.; Expenses at the Bidding Ale, 1s.; Received in cash one Port John, £3 12s.; Plewing & fallowing wheat, 2s. 6d. a day; John, my miller's son, 4 days' work in making new wooden barrs to the Kiln, 4s.; agricultural labour, 9d. a day; muck, 34d. to 4d. a load (in quantity); lime, 7d. a hobet; hay, received for an acre 24s. of Thos. Jones the fidler; carrying 71 stacks wheat & 100 nines [?] barley, 13s. 6d.-R. P.

Note. At Greenwich Hospital, 1740 and 45, 5d., 3ğd;- 34d., 21d.;-35s. 6d., 6s. p. dozen lbs.;- query, 4 bushels, or in Denbigh 2 H. to 5 W.; what derivation? and what is fiolet? a measure appears to be half-hobed; wheat at Windsor was, in 1742, 30s. 2 d. p. W. qr., in 1741, 41s. 53d, and under 40s. till 1756;-5 at Greenwich, 1740 and 45, 29s. and 30s. p. chaldron ;-6 3s. 10d., 3s. 6d. p. pair; - Portugese coins current in England; whole moidore, 26s. 11.24; joanese, 35s. 11d.; dobra (double joanese), 71s. 0.70; dobraon, 134s. 3.96 sterling;-8 carpenters, 2s. 6d., 2s. 8d. p. day.-(M'Culloch's Dictionary of Commerce.) In 1601, labourer, meat and drink, 1d. and 2d., without, 4d. p. day. Carpenter and sawyer, with meat, &c., 4d. p. day. A woman servant, the best, 10s., the mean, 6s. 8d. a year. (Merionydd, Davies' Survey of North Wales, 1813.)

QUERIES.-Will any of the Welsh antiquaries oblige the querist by pointing out other authorities for doubting the alleged massacre of the Welsh Bards, beyond the remarks in Turner's Middle Ages of England? And has Sir John Wynne's MS., in which the tradition of the massacre is mentioned, ever been printed? Also, has any social history or account of the Celtic Welsh been written, such as Logan's Scottish Highlanders, that would give an insight into Celtic usages with respect to the tenancy of land?-H. F. HORE.