joint proprietor of the State Journal, from which he retired in 1871. In 1872 he edited a Greeley campaign paper called the Sentinel, an ante-election editorial in which entitled "Victory Foreknown," acquired some celebrity as a mistaken prophecy. In 1876 Mr. Howard wrote a campaign biography of General Rutherford B. Hayes. During the term of Mr. Hayes as President he was appointed Appraiser of the Port of New York.

Willoughby W. Webb, a native of Canton, Ohio, was for several years city editor of the Statesman, from which he retired in July, 1860. During the Civil War he was for some time a Second-Lieutenant in the Fortythird Ohio Infantry. He was one of the editorial writers of the Crisis under the management of Doctor William Trevitt, and was the first editor of the Evening Dispatch. He died June 7, 1872. His brother, John M. Webb, was financially identified at different times. with the Sunday Morning News, the Crisis, and the Dispatch, of which latter paper he was one of the original proprietors and at one time editor.

Asa L. Harris, who was a local writer on the State Journal prior to the Civil War, bought the Coshocton Age in 1860, and for some time published that paper. He is now editor of the Southern Railroad Record, of Atlanta, Georgia.

Frank Higgins, who learned the printer's trade in the office of the State Journal, published in 1861 a Secessionist paper called the Times, at Messilla, AriHe is now dead.

zona.

Salmon P. Chase, in 1861, and before, furnished considerable editorial matter to the Ohio State Journal and the Cincinnati Commercial.

G. W. Roby, one of General Comly's first partners in the State Journal, came to Columbus from Ross County, where he had at different times practised medicine and been Provost Marshal of the Twelfth Congressional District. In October, 1866, he sold his interest in the Journal to A. P. Miller, of the Scioto Gazette, and purchased the interest of George C. Benham in the drugstore of Thrall & Benham, the firm becoming Thrall & Roby.

W. W. Beach, city editor and agent of the State Journal and author of numerous popular and humorous sketches, changed his occupation from journalism to the insurance business in 1867, and in 1869 went to Springfield, Ohio, where he became connected with the Advertiser.

B. J. Loomis, who had for several years been Columbus correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial, accepted in February, 1868, a position on the editorial staff of the Cincinnati Chronicle. Subsequently he resumed charge of the Columbus bureau of the Commercial, a relation which he maintained until late in the seventies. He was Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1866-8, and again in 1872-4.

W. B. Thrall, a native of Rutland, Vermont, who came to Ohio in 1817, and did his first newspaper work on the Circleville Herald, of which he was editor and proprietor for about twentyfive years, became in 1846 one of the editors and proprietors of the State Journal, after his retirement from which in 1849 he did much editorial work for various papers with which he was never publicly identified. He was a man of marked ability, and, while a resident of Pickaway County, served on the Common Pleas bench and in the legislature. He was chosen Comptroller

of the Treasury in 1859, and was appointed by President Fillmore to an office in Washington. He died in this city during the seventies.

Lucian G. Thrall, born at Circleville, Ohio, in 1825, learned the printer's trade in the office of the State Journal under the proprietorship of Charles Scott, and in 1852 undertook the publication of the Ohio State Times at Mount Vernon. He returned to Columbus in 1853 and served in the composing room of the State Journal, chiefly as foreman, until 1859, when he bought an interest in the Gazette, which he sold in 1864. In 1865 he purchased a half interest in the Jeffersonian at Findlay. Subsequently he was connected with newspapers at Pomeroy, Ohio, and Afton, Iowa. He now holds a responsible position in the office of the Westbote.

E. G. De Wolf, once connected with the State Journal, became the editor of the Hancock Jeffersonian in September, 1868.

F. W. Hurtt, senior proprietor of the State Journal in 1861, was appointed Brigade Quartermaster and ordered to report to General Rosecrans, by whom he was assigned to duty at Clarksburgh, Virginia. In March, 1862, the employés of the State Journal presented to him a handsome military saddle and other horse equipments. Some months later he was tried by court martial on charges of misappropriation of public funds, and was found guilty.

Isaac J. Allen, a partner with F. W. Hurtt in the State Journal during the war, was appointed in July, 1864, to be United States Consul at Bangkok, but was subsequently transferred to the consulate at Hong Kong.

M. P. Beach, one of the editors of the Capital City Fact, enlisted in the Fortieth Ohio Infantry in September, 1862.

Colonel E. Hanford, once a writer on the State Journal, is the author of a history of the Sixth Ohio Infantry, written in 1869.

John W. King, once a city editor of the State Journal, entered the legal profession, in the successful practice of which he is now engaged at Zanesville.

Captain John H. Putnam came to Columbus from the Chillicothe Advertiser, of which he had been editor, and united with Doctor G. A. Doren in the purchase of the Evening Dispatch in 1874. After the sale of the Dispatch by himself and partner in 1876 he became financially interested in the Statesman, retiring from which in 1882 he returned from Chillicothe to edit the Register. In 1885 he was appointed Consul at Honolulu, in which position he remained until 1889.

Doctor E. C. Cloud was for a time city editor of the Statesman, beginning in August, 1869.

Francis M. Perley was in charge of the publishing department of the State Journal from August 16, 1869, to January 28, 1871.

Samuel B. Price was associated with Henry D. Cooke in the editorship of the State Journal in 1860. Subsequently he went to Toledo, where he worked on the Commercial. He died in Toledo April 20, 1870.

Captain W. J. Vance, for a time assistant editor of the State Journal and its Washington correspondent in 1871-2, formerly owned and edited a daily in Piqua. He wrote over the nom de plume "Pendennis."

A. W. Francisco, who was business manager and part owner of the State Journal between June 20, 1872, and January 1, 1882, came to Columbus from Cincinnati,

where he had been for many years the business manager of the Times under its proprietor, C. W. Starbuck. In April, 1883, in conjunction with James M. Comly and Alfred E. Lee he bought the Toledo Telegram, the name of which was very soon afterwards changed back to that of The Daily Commercial. A month after this purchase Mr. Francisco bought an interest in the Los Angeles Times, with which, some mouths later, he placed himself in personal connection after having sold his newspaper interest at Toledo.

Doctor L. J. Moeler, who died at his residence in Columbus, November 17, 1872, came here in "Tyler times," and became associated with Doctor N. M. Miller, brother of John G. Miller, Postmaster, in the publication of the Old School Republican. He subsequently became a director and superintendent of the County Infirmary. Previous to his arrival in Columbus he had published a Whig paper in Somerset, Perry County.

Samuel Bradford, present foreman of the Evening Dispatch composing room, came to Columbus from Adams County early in the fifties, worked at his trade in the Statesman office, was foreman in the office and one of the founders of the Reveille in 1854, and when that paper was discontinued, returned in 1855 to the Statesman, with which he was engaged from 1855 to 1860. He was one of several printers who, in August, 1860, began the publication of the Evening Bulletin; was foreman in the composing room of the Crisis from 1861 to 1871, and was one of the founders of the Evening Dispatch in the latter year. His service with the Dispatch has been continuous since its establishment.

David Boyer, one of the founders of the Sunday World, came to Columbus from Dayton in 1867 to become foreman of the Statesman composing room. He has for many years been prominent in typographical union and general labor circles. Frank F. Rankin died November 14, 1881, while a member of the State Journal's local staff.

Frank A. Layman, who was associate editor of the Dispatch for six years ending in April, 1880, went at that time to Sandusky where he and his brother, Charles A. Layman, published the Journal for several years.

J. L. Rodgers began newspaper work as a reporter on the Columbus Times. In 1886 he accepted a situation on the Dispatch, of which he became assistant city editor and, in November, 1889, associate writing editor.

James R. Armstrong, now one of the oldest printers in the city, was connected with the State Journal in different capacities from August, 1845, to May, 1849. He was subsequently connected with the paper for a few months just prior to the Scott & Bascom failure in 1854. In 1877 Mr. Armstrong entered the business office of the Evening Dispatch, where he remained as bookkeeper and assistant manager until July, 1891, when, owing to impaired health, he retired.

Jacob Reinhard, one of the founders of the Westbote, has performed a prominent and creditable part as a newspaper man, banker and citizen. Mr. Reinhard was born near Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, April 16, 1815, but the greater portion of his life has been spent in this country. A biographical sketch of him appears elsewhere in this work.

John A. Arthur, whose death by violence is elsewhere mentioned in this sketch, was engaged with the Penny Post and the Times of Cincinnati prior to the Civil War, at the outbreak of which he entered the army. At the termination of his military service he resumed newspaper work at Cincinnati, but in 1871 he came to Columbus where he was successively engaged on the Dispatch, State Journal and Sunday News, with which latter he was connected when killed.

Ray Haddock was the local editor of the Statesman & Democrat from May, 1854, to February, 1855. He was succeeded by Asa G. Dimmock, who, in February, 1856, went to Coshocton to take charge of the Democrat.

Colonel George W. Manypenny, who was editor of the Statesman for three years, beginning in January, 1859, had just prior to that time been Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and had also been, at one time, the unsuccessful candidate of his party for Congress in the Muskingum District.

Merrill Watson transferred his services as a reporter from the State Journal to the Cleveland Herald in March, 1875, and afterwards became editor and proprietor of the Age of Steel, a St. Louis trade paper.

C. R. Riley, born in Culpeper County, Virginia, came to Ohio when a boy, learned his trade in the office of the Cadiz Sentinel, and about the year 1843 came to Columbus, where he remained continuously employed at his trade for fortyfive years. His first work was done on the Statesman, but in 1849 he transferred his services to the State Journal, in the office of which he worked, except during a few brief interruptions, until his death in December, 1888. He was one of the group of printers who, in 1860, attempted to establish the Evening Bulletin.

D. L. Bowersmith began an engagement on the local staff of the State Journal in 1875, under Samuel Shafer as city editor, to which position he was himself afterwards advanced and in which he has since continuously served except a period of about two years, 1884-6, when he was the Columbus correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer.

John H. Green, who is by trade a printer, followed that profession in Springfield, Columbus and Toledo until 1879, when he began work as a local writer for the Dispatch, being the first regularly employed assistant to the city editor of that paper. In 1882 he himself became city editor of the Dispatch, a position which he has ever since retained. He has served for a period of three years as representative of the Fifteenth Ward in the City Council.

CHAPTER XXIX.

THE SCHOOLS. I.

BY JAMES U. BARNHILL, M. D.

School Laws. The history of the Schools of Columbus properly begins with those of Franklinton, the pioneer village of the Capital City, and would be incomplete without an account of the generous gifts and wise policy of the National Government which so greatly promoted the cause of education, and which have contributed directly to the support of the schools. Before the pioneer settlement of Central Ohio was planted "on the low banks of the slow winding Scioto," Congress made certain provisions for the maintenance of schools within the territory in which that settlement was afterwards situated, thus anticipating its welfare by a "sort of parental providence." On May 20, 1785, in an ordinance for disposing of western lands, Congress provided that "a thirtysixth of every township of the western territory" should be reserved from sale for the maintenance of public schools within the township. The ordinance of July 13, 1787, for the government of the territory northwest of the river Ohio confirmed the provisions of the land ordinance and further declared that "religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education should forever be encouraged." The original reservation of land for school purposes did not provide like donations for the support of schools in certain tracts in Ohio, among which was the Virginia Military District in which a part of Columbus is situated. The first constitutional convention requested that a "like provision be made for the support of schools in these districts," and on March 3, 1803, Congress assented and appropriated lands to the amount of one thirtysixth of each of these tracts for the use of schools therein, and provided that all the lands "appropriated for the use of schools in the State should be vested in the legislature, in trust, for the maintenance of schools and for no other use, intent or purpose whatever."

The Constitution of 1802 embodied the famous educational clause of the Ordinance of 1797, and supplemented it by declaring that schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged by legislative provision not inconsistent with the rights of conscience. It further declared that the doors of the schools, academies, and universities endowed in whole or in part from the revenue arising from the land grants, shall be open for the reception of scholars, students and