The Federalists of the Territory were led by Governor St. Clair, Jacob Burnet, Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Stites; the Republicans by Thomas Worthington, Nathaniel Massie, John Cleves Symmes and Doctor Edward Tiffin. Parallel with the issues between the parties ran the differences which had arisen between Governor St. Clair and the Territorial General Assembly. These differences related chiefly to the right of establishing new counties and determining their boundaries. The Governor stoutly maintained that these functions belonged to himself exclusively; the General Assembly maintained with equal positiveness that "after the Governor had laid out the country into counties and townships," it was competent for the legislative body to pass laws "altering, dividing and multiplying them," subject to executive approval.

Owing to this and other disputes, Governor St. Clair's retention in office was strongly opposed. He was reappointed by President Adams, but this only changed the form of the intrigues for his displacement. Personal and political enmities were alike marshaled for his overthrow. On the other hand, a strong party rallied around him, and proposed to make him the first Governor of the new State. In pursuance of this ambition the St. Clair party brought forward in the Legislative Council a scheme to procure such an amendment of the Ordinance of 1787 as would make the Scioto River the western boundary of the most eastern State to be formed from the Northwest Territory. This scheme was vigorously opposed by the Republican leaders, who determined to send one of their number to Washington to labor there for its defeat. Thomas Worthington was chosen for this purpose, and was ably seconded by Nathaniel Massie and Edward Tiffin. It was Worthington's mission not only to defeat the St. Clair scheme, but to obtain such legislation by Congress as would enable the Territory as it then was to gain admission to the Union. Incidentally he sought also St. Clair's deposition from the territorial governorship. The change which took place in the national administration favored him in all his endeavors, and he was in all successful.

The Ordinance of 1787 required as a condition to the admission of the Territory as a State that it should contain sixty thousand free inhabitants. According to the census of 1800 it actually contained only 45,365. This difficulty was removed by an act of Congress passed April 30, 1802, enabling the people of the Eastern District to frame a constitution and organize a State government. This, it was hoped, would add another State to the Republican phalanx.

In pursuance of the enabling act, a constitutional convention assembled at Chillicothe November 1, 1802. It was discreetly chosen, and accomplished its work in twentyfive days. Early in its deliberations it was addressed by Governor St. Clair, whose speech on that occasion has been differently reported. According to Judge Burnet, it was "sensible and conciliatory;" others assert that it opposed the formation of a State government, and criticised the administration of President Jefferson. The Governor's removal from office followed directly. Mr. Madison, the Secretary of State, notified him of it by letter dated November 22, 1802. Charles W. Byrd, Secretary of the Territory, thenceforward served as its Governor until the first state executive was installed.

The Constitution of 1802 defined the boundaries of the State, provisionally, and established the seat of governmet at Chillicothe until 1808. It was never submitted for popular acceptance at the polls. Congress approved it by act of February 19, 1803, and from that act dates the birth of Ohio as a State in the Union.

NOTES.

1. It provided for a rectangular system of surveys, dividing the public domain into ranges, townships and sections, the boundaries being all in the direction of the cardinal points of the compass, so that a locality is designated by its distance east or west from a given meridian, and north or south of a given parallel, as a ship's place at sea by its longitude and latitude. The starting-point was at the place of intersection of the west line of Pennsylvania with the north bank of the Ohio River. From this point a line drawn west fortytwo miles was to form the base for the first seven ranges, from which at the six-mile points lines were to be run south to the Ohio River. The great system of surveys thus inaugurated has been applied to all the public domain, and through its simplicity and exactness of description has proved of incalculable value to all who have become owners of the soil.-President Israel Ward Andrews, LL. D., of Marietta College.

2. Ibid.

3. Among the eminent members of the Company were Governors James Bowdoin, Caleb Strong and Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, the latter also at one time Vice-President of the United States; Governor William Greene. of Rhode Island; Governor Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut; Samuel Dexter, United States Senator from Massachusetts and Secretary of the Treasury; Uriah Tracy, United States Senator from Connecticut; Ebenezer Hazzard, Postmaster-General under the Continental Congress; Brock holst Livingston, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court; Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Knox, the first Secretary of War; and President Joseph Willard, of Harvard College.

4. Colonel E. C. Dawes, in the Magazine of American History for December, 1889.

5. Fort Harmar was built by Major John Doughty in the autumn of 1785, at the mouth (right bank) of the Muskingum River. The detachment of United States troops under command of Major Doughty were part of Josiah Harmar's regiment, and hence the fort was named in his honor. The outlines of the fort formed a regular pentagon, including about three quarters of an acre. Its walls were formed of large horizontal timbers, the bastions being about fourteen feet high, set firmly in the earth. In the rear of the fort Major Doughty laid out fine gardens, in which were many peach trees, originating the familiar "Doughty peach." The fort was occupied by a United States garrison until September, 1790, when they were ordered to Fort Washington (Cincinnati). A company under Captain Haskell continued to make the fort headquarters during the Indian war of 1790-95. From the date of the settlement at Marietta, across the Muskingum, in the spring of 1788, the fort was constantly occupied by settlers, then rapidly filling the country.— Military Posts in Ohio; by A. A. Graham. Archæological and Historical Quarterly.

6. Life and Public Services of Arthur St. Clair; by William H. Smith.

8. Atwater, with his usual defiance of syntactical rules, narrates the following dubious story: "There were in the army, at the commencement of the action, about two hundred and fifty women, of whom fiftysix were killed in the battle, and the remainder were made prisoners by the enemy, except a small number who reached Fort Washington. One of the survivors lived until recently in Cincinnati, a Mrs. Catharine Miller. This woman ran ahead of the whole army in their flight from the field of battle. Her large quantity of long red hair floated in the breeze, which the soldiers followed through the woods, as their forerunner that moved rapidly onward to the place of their ultimate destination."-History of Ohio.

9. Smith's Life of St. Clair.

10. The votes stood, eleven for Harrison to ten for St. Clair,

THE TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT.'

Governor-General Arthur St. Clair, from 1788 to 1802; Charles W. Byrd (acting), 1802-1803.

Secretaries-Major Winthrop Sargent, from 1788 to 1798; William H. Harrison, from 1798 to 1799; Charles Willing Byrd, 1799 to 1803.

Attorney-General-Arthur St. Clair, Junior, appointed in 1796.
Treasurer-John Armstrong, from 1792 to 1803.

Auditors of Public Accounts-Rice Bullock, December 18, 1799; Thomas Gibson, in 1800.

Territorial Judges-James M. Varnum, October 16, 1787, January, 1789; Samuel H. Parsons, October 16, 1787, November 10, 1789; John Armstrong, October 16, 1787, declined to accept ; John Cleves Symmes, from February 19, 1788, to March 3, 1803; William Barton, August 20, 1789, refused to serve; George Turner, September 12, 1789, resigned in 1797; Rufus Putnam, March 31, 1790, served until 1796; Joseph Gilman, from December 22, 1796, to March 3, 1803; Return J. Meigs, Junior, from February 12, 1798, to March 3, 1803.

Clerks of Governor and of Territorial Court-William Collis, appointed in September, 1788; Armistead Churchill, appointed May 29, 1795; Daniel Symmes, time of service unknown.

Delegates in Congress-William II. Harrison, from 1799 to 1800; William McMillan, from 1800 to 1801; Paul Fearing, from 1801 to 1803.

The following is a list of Territorial Counties with dates of proclamation and names of county seats:

Washington, July 27, 1788, Marietta; Hamilton, January 2, 1790, Cincinnati ; St. Clair, February, 1790, Cahokia; Knox, in the year 1790, Vincennes; Randolph, in the year 1795, Kaskaskia; Wayne, August 15, 1795, Detroit; Adams, July 10, 1797, Manchester; Jefferson, July 29, 1797, Steubenville; Ross, August 20, 1797, Chillicothe; Trumbull, July 10, 1800, Warren; Clermont, December 6, 1800, Williamsburg; Fairfield, December 9, 1800, New Lancaster; Belmont, September 7, 1801, St. Clairsville.

When the State of Ohio was organized in 1803, four of the counties above named fell outside of its limits. St. Clair and Randolph formed a part of the present area of Illinois, Knox of Indiana, and Wayne of Michigan.

Following is a list of the early territorial towns, with the names of their proprietors and dates of foundation:

Marietta, 1788, Rufus Putnam, for the Ohio Land Company.

Columbia, 1788, Benjamin Stites, Major Gano, and others.

Cincinnati, 1789, Robert Patterson, Matthias Denman and Israel Ludlow.

Manchester, 1791. Nathaniel Massie.

Gallipolis, 1791, a French colony.

Hamilton, 1794, Israel Ludlow.

Dayton, 1795, Israel Ludlow and Generals Dayton and Wilkinson.

Franklin, 1795, W. C. Schenck and Daniel C. Cooper.

Chillicothe, 1796, Nathaniel Massie.

Cleveland, 1796, Job V. Styles.

Franklinton, 1797, Lucas Sullivant.

Steubenville, 1798, Bazaliel Wells and James Ross.
Williamsburg, 1799. General William Lytle.

Zanesville, 1799, Jonathan Zane and John McIntire.

New Lancaster, 1800, Ebenezer Zane.

Warren, 1801, Ephraim Quinby.

St. Clairsville, 1801, David Newell.

Springfield, 1801, James Demint.

Newark, 1802, W. C. Schenck, G. W. Burnett, and J. N. Cummings.

TERRITORIAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1799-1800.

Legislative Council-Jacob Burnet and James Findlay of Hamilton County; Robert Oliver of Washington County; David Vance of Jefferson County and Henry Vandenburg of Knox County.

Representatives-Joseph Darlington, Nathaniel Massie, Adams County; William Goforth, William McMillan, John Smith, John Ludlow, Robert Benham, Aaron Caldwell, Isaac Martin, Hamilton County; James Pritchard, Jefferson County; John Small, Knox County; John Edgar, Randolph County; Thomas Worthington, Elias Langham, Samuel Findlay, Edward Tiffin, Ross County; Shadrack Bond, St. Clair County; Return Jonathan Meigs, Paul Fearing, Washington County; Solomon Sibley, Jacob Visgar, Charles F. Chabart de Joncaire, Wayne County.

Officers of the Council - President, Henry Vandenburg; Secretary, William C. Schenck; Doorkeeper. George Howard; Sergeant-at-Arms, Abraham Cary.

Officers of the House-Speaker, Edward Tiffin; Clerk, John Riley; Doorkeeper, Joshua Rowland; Sergeant-at-Arms, Abraham Cary.

TERRITORIAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1801-1803.

Legislative Council - Robert Oliver, Washington County; Jacob Burnet, James Findlay, Hamilton County; David Vance, Jefferson County; Solomon Sibley, Wayne County. Robert Oliver was elected President.

Officers of the House-Speaker, Edward Tiffin; Clerk, John Riley; Doorkeeper Edward Sherlock.

Representatives--Joseph Darlington, Nathaniel Massie, Adams County; Moses Miller, Francis Dunlavy, Jeremiah Morrow, John Ludlow, John Smith, Jacob White, Daniel Reeder, Hamilton County; Zenas Kimberly, John Milligan, Thomas McCune, Jefferson County; Edward Tiffin, Thomas Worthington, Elias Langham, Ross County; Edward Paine, Trumbull County; Ephraim Cutler, William Rufus Putnam, Washington County; Frances J. Chabert, George McDougal, Jonathan Schieffelin, Wayne County.

land.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.

Temporary Officers--President, William Goforth; Secretary, William McFar

Permanent Officers-- President, Edward Tiffin; Secretary, Thomas Scott; Assistant Secretary, William McFarland.

Members-Joseph Darlington, Israel Donaldson, Thomas Kirker, Adams County; James Caldwell, Elijah Woods, Belmont County; Philip Gatch, James

Sargent, Clermont County; Henry Abrams, Emanuel Carpenter, Fairfield County; John W. Browne, Charles Willing Byrd, Frances Dunlavy, William Goforth, John Kitchel, Jeremiah Morrow, John Paul, John Reily, John Smith, John Wilson, Hamilton County; Rudolf Bair, George Humphrey, John Milligan, Nathan Updegraff, Bazaliel Wells, Jefferson County; Michael Baldwin, Edward Tiffin, James Grubb, Thomas Worthington, Nathaniel Massie, Ross County; David Abbot, Samuel Huntington, Trumbull County; Ephraim Cutler, Benjamin Ives Gilman, Rufus Putnam, John McIntire, Washington County.

NOTES.

1. The foregoing synopsis of the Territorial Government has been compiled from an article entitled "Our Territorial Statesmen," by Isaac Smucker, in the Magazine of Western History for January, 1885.