Rye, Northern .....do
Corn, Yellow, North.do

a 10 00 Do. White, L. I.&N.J..
Do. Southern......do
Barley, North river..do
Oats, South & North.do
Peas, white dry..7 bahis 600
Do. black eyed....do
...do 7 00

a 230 00 Russia, white....piece 11 00 a 11 50
Do. brown......do 9 23 a

....do
American dew-rot...do 130 00 a 150 00 New-York, Brown..lb

11 a 13 Yarns, Kentucky...lb

11 Manilla. .......do

Pig, Engl.& Scotch..ton 40 00 a 47 50 10 Do. American ......do 30 00 a 40 00 Bar, do. ..do 80 00 a 85 00 101 a 18 Do. Russia, P. S. I..do 100 00 a 102 50 11 Do. new Sabla.do 96 00 a 87 50 11/Swedes .....d. 85 00 a 87 50 English ass'd ......do 72 00 a 75 00 Sheet, English.....cwt 675 a 800 Peru 1.Co. flat & sq..ten 110 00 16 Round.. .......do 120 00 a 150 00 20 Hoop, American...cwt 550 a 7 00 Do. English......da 6 601 a 6 75

a 10 50 Upper, dressed....side 175 Do. undressed...do

LUMBER

Boards, N. R.....M ft

a 10 00 Do. East'n Pine.do 16 00 Albany de .pce

39 Plank, Georgia do. Mk 25 00
Staves, W. O. pipe..do 54 00

a 30 00 Do. a

a 75 00 Do.

a 275 Wrought.

a 3 50 Do. Winter.....do

a 5412 Liver, Straits......brì 16 00° a 4 75Do. Bank & Shore,do

Extract from the Preface of
the Philadelphia edition of
Wond's Treatise or: Rail-
roads......
Communication on Rail-
roads...
Delaware and Hudson Ca-
nal..

356

357

ving, Anniversary at Co-
lumbia College, Impris

359

.359

360

.365

JOURNAL.

NEW-YORK, JUNE 2, 1832.

VOLUME I....NO. 23.

hoping thereby to render to the publishers a service common roads," taken from the London Courier, equal to the pleasure it has afforded us.

[For extracts from this edition, see page 353.]

SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD.-We have been politely furnished with a late report from the Commit. Lee of Directors of the South Carolina Railroad Co.,

will be found interesting. Many attempts have been made to construct steam-carriages for that purpose, but no one has heretofore, that we are aware of, been successful.

RAILROAD. We understand (says the Paterson

onment of Dr. Howe....361 Foreign Intelligence......362 shewing the present condition and future prospects Intelligencer of May 30th,) that the passenger cars Home Affairs.... Miscellany. 363 of that important work. The committee state, that will commence running upon the Railroad, from Marriages, Deaths, Passen- the entire line, to within 600 feet of the bridge at Authis place to Aquackanonk, (five miles) tomorrow. gers, &c... Literary Notices...........358 Prices Current.. gusta, is under contract and execution-all the The cars are large, commodious and elegant, and doubts and most of the difficulties having been sur. we understand the company have a number of fleet

....237

.267

The AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL is pub

AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL.

Jished at 353 Wall-street, New-York, at $3 a year, in advance mounted. Nothing, they say, has occurred to dimi. horses which will perform the trip in about 16 or 18 nish the confidence of the Board, in the correctness minutes. The novelty of Railroad traveling will of the preference given to the mode of building ori- doubtless attract many passengers to the road. ginally chosen. This road, it will be recollected, is built upon piles, instead of stone, at an expense, inWOOD'S TREATISE ON RAILROADS, with Corrections, cluding every thing, varying little from $5000 per and Additions, by the American Editor: 1 vol. 8vo. mile.

NEW YORK, JUNE 2, 1832.

[FOR THE AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL.] Mr. Editor,-My curiosity was awakened by a communication in your paper a few weeks since, in relation to the Boston and Providence Railroad, and pp. 600. Carey & Lea.-Mr. G. W. Smith, the It is confidently anticipated that the road will be a-I have been waiting with a good deal of interest for editor of this work, and Messrs. Carey & Lea, the vailable for intercourse between Augusta and Charles- some further information which was promised by publishers, have conferred a substantial and well. ton in January next. timed favor upon the public by this edition. To all your correspondent. Will you allow me through The committee speak in high terms of an improv. the medium of your paper to inquire when we may who have made Railroads at all an object of inquiry, ed switch or turnout, and also of the eight wheeled expect to hear from him again upon the subject? Mr. Wood's Treatise is familiar as the best, and we engine, suggested by their Chief Engineer, Mr. may probably say, only, satisfactory work extant on Allen. The latter they consider peculiarly adapted the subject: but precious as it is, it has to the Ame- to their road, as it distributes the weight of the enrican inquirer and engineer, been greatly enhanced gine over a greater space. in value by the labors and contributions of Mr. In referring to the accidents which occurred in Smith, to the edition now before us. consequence of the failure of one or two axletrees of

of Canals and those of Railroads.

RAILWAYS IN THE LOW COUNTRIES.-The rival Governments of Holland and Belgium are about to establish rival Railways from the Atlantic to the Rhine. The Dutch Railway will commence at Am. sterdain, pass through Arnheim, and terminate at

Chap. X. on the relative Value of Railroads and the passenger cars, they say "We are happy to be Cologne; the Belgian will commence at Antwerp, Canals, is a contribution of the American editor, and able to say, that all who were injured are now reco pass near Tongres, Liego, and Verviers, and termiof itself constitutes a most useful and instructive vered; and gratefully to remark that we have not nate at the same point as the Duteh line. essay, embodying a vast number of scattered but yet to lament the loss of a single life among the great BROOKLYN AND JAMAICA RAILROAD.-We would important facts, a knowledge of which enters large. numbers transported upon our road, or employed by ask attention to the following communication referly into the question at issue between the advocates us, or our contractors." ring to the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad. It is a South Carolina may be proud of the enterprize-work well calculated to subserve the convenienco From the examination we have given to the work, perhaps we ought to say of a few-of her citizens, in of many of our citizens, who may, when it shall be it seems to us that there are scarcely any facts originating, and so successfully overcoming the dif. completed, enjoy the pleasures of a country residence which the experience either of England or America ficulties of, such a work under existing circum. a few miles from their business, without much time has hitherto developed, as to Railroads, whether as stances. Charleston is peculiarly fortunate in being required to overcome the distance. A train of to the construction of the road, the rails, or the en- its termination, as it will be to that city a source of cars starting from Jamaica at 7 may take up passengines, or on the other incidental points, which Mr. immense traffic, and of course will give a new gers along the line and set them down at the BrookSmith has not collcoted in this volume. spring of action to its enterprizing men of business; lyn Ferry with great ease at 8 o'clock, A. M. which

It is therefore almost superfluous to add that it we were therefore the more surprized to learn, is about the hour that most men go to their busiwill be found of exceeding value to all engineers, that thus far all offorts to bring it directly into the mess. This, together with the Haerlem Railroad, road constructors, and even to speculators in Rail-city had been unsuccessful. We should as soon which is, we understand, progressing rapidly, and road stocks; for it tells plainly what the difficulties tave believed a man would refuse to put money in the Paterson Railroad, which is partly completed are, and what the inducements, towards making his pocket when honestly earned, as that the citi- and in use, will afford great conveniences to those zens of Charleston would refuse the benefits of a who prefer "elbow room" to a space of 25 by 100 We take two or three short extracts from the pre-measure, which would so greatly enhance the value feet, surrounded by brick walls, with all the conveface by way of introduction, and shall hereafter take of real estate. niences resulting from clean streets, and broad, greater liberties with the work in the same way, The statements relative to steam-carriages on smooth walks.

Railroads.

[FOR THE RAILROAD JOURNAL.]

BROOKLYN AND JAMAICA RAILROAD COMPANY.

The charter is not forfeited, if the work is fully completed within five years.

Five dollars on a share are to be paid on sub. scribing.

says

natural in themselves that they impress strongly on [force necessary to propel a given weight up an inthe reader the truth of the most important bearing clined plane on a Railroad, which is so sensibly felt of the question. After stating the object of its pub- in the slightest elevations, and renders the ascent of The capital stock is $300,000, in shares of $50lication the pamphlet commences with a short his. the heavy engines impossible against one of moder. The incorporation is for fifty years. torical sketch of the leading experiments made with ate rise, particularly with any load attached to The Railway may be single or double,-the loca. a view to mechanically propelling carriages on them. It is this circumstance which deceives our tion on the north or south side of the Ridge,--with common roads. It appears that the first experi- scientific men, when they carry their speculations Mr. Gurney into the subject of steam carriages on common the right of making lateral Railways to Flatbush ents were not made with steam. roads. and Flushing. "In my public Lectures on the Elements of "It is evident from this, that if a steam carriage The distance to Jamaica will be reduced to about Chemical Science,' in 1822, I stated, that Eleinen- has only double the power wanted on a common mentary power was capable of being applied to pro-road, it can ascend any hill that we have. If it has ten miles. cal advantage, and that the floating knowledge of spare-and so on. pel carriages along common roads with great politi- treble, it can ascend this hill, and has one third to But to ascend the same elevathe day placed the object within our reash; my tion on a Railway, the engine must exert a power views on this subject, were not admitted, as I have no less than twenty-one times that it required on a previously stated, by practical Engineers and level and to have one third to spare, as the other, among scientific men, with the exception of the late for contingencies, it had need to be upwards of Dr. Wollaston, my opinion had not a single sup-thirty times the force above that necessary for pro-. There can be no place found where a Railroad porter. pelling it overthe level; the very weight needful for can be made more cheaply than from Brooklyn to "Sir Humphrey Davy published, about this time, this (to say nothing about a load,) renders it practi Jamaica. The whole distance being almost a dead some singular notions respecting the mechanical ap-cal y impossible. plication of compressed carbonic acid gas, as a sub. "The same reasoning applies to a horse; for the level, there would be few or no embankments or stitute for steam. With the view of satisfying iny-increment of power necessary to take himself up the excavations of any importance. The materials, of self, and showing the true bearing of this proposition above elevation is equal to one-twelfth his weight; stone and timber, are found in abundance directly in the Institution with which I was counected, 1 but until we know the actual power required to on the route or very near to it. Many of the own-made an extensive series of experiments on this gas, move his muscles, &c., we cannot determine the ers of property through which the road may pass under the various circumstances of heat, pressure, exact proportions. The difference, however, must have offered their land gratuitously for the purpose, electricity, and chemical affinity. With the same be iminense; and had he not the inexplicable vital and, upon the most careful estimates made, it is be- views I also experimented on all the gases that are prineiple of giving out intensity of power at will, lieved that one hundred thousand dollars will be said to be permanently elastic. Some of the results he would be in a situation very similar to a locomo amply sufficient to cover every expense of making obtained from those gases were exceedingly curious, tive engine on a Railway. This great increase of the road, and putting on the necessary machinery and I was induced, in consequence, to extend the power wanted to propel the horse up hill, added, and carriages. inquiry to other gaseous bodies of different proper. with some physiological laws, to the additional pow

There are to be thirteen directors.

It has been ascertained by taking account of the ties which were also highly interesting. From er required to draw the weight at his heels, occa permanent travel in the eastern stages, that there is these, however, I could not arrive at data sufficient. sions the real distress which is observed in such at the present time enough of stage traveling alonely satisfactory to enable me to estimate their compar- situations in this useful animal." to produce, at the usual rate of fare, rising $20,000. ative value in affecting mechanical power, because 1 This reasoning, founded as it is on mathematical· · Now, without supposing any increase in this kind of was less able to manage them; for some, like the truth, proves in practice that unless the Railroad be travel, but,merely its transfer to the Railroad, and muriatic acid gas, offered difficulties of a chemical made on a dead level, it will have little or no advan. without bringing into the account the profits to a nature connected with my apparatus, which soon tuge over the common road; while on a perfect rise from the transportation of produce and heavy ar- compelled me to desist; whilst others offered various level, it will have an advantage as 240 is to 12. A ticles, it is very obvious that fair profits would obstacles in working, which compelled me also to practical illustration of this fact appears on the be realized from the road. abandon the attempt, from want of time.、 Liverpool and Manchester Railroad. At this mo. No small portion of the population of the city and "Ammoniacal gas, however, was more managea- ment, the inclined plane on this road rises only one Island would make an excursion over the road once ble. This gas, like steam, being absorbable in wain ninety six, which is scarcely porceptible to the for the novelty of the thing and to gratify curiosity. ter, under reduced temperature and pressure, and be-eye, or, in fact, is it ever noticed by any one Those also who might wish to make excursions being given out again with considerable force by heat, traveling over the read? The steam carriages are yond the immediate neighborhood of the city, would offered properties available for a motive power, ca- frequently reduced against this plane in speed down have opportunities of taking carriages at the end of pable of being worked with the ordinary apparatus to six miles per hour from a rate between 20 and 30 the road, for Rockaway, Hempstead, Jericho, or of the steam engine, or, at least, without requiring miles on the level. On going down this inclined Flushing, and of returning with ease to the city on much alteration in the mechanical arrangement.-plane the steam is invariably cut off from the enthe same day. This incidental income, though it is My experiments with this, and some other absorba.gines, notwithstanding which they descend at the believed it would go far towards paying off, in a ble gases, were carried to considerable extent, the re- rate of between 30 and 40 miles per hour. short time, the original cost of the road, is not to be sults of which were highly mportant, both in a In order to prove the results of actual practice, he made a serious item compared with the receipts for chemical and a mechanical point of view; hut as observes that

the permanent and regularly increasing travel. Fa- they are only indirectly connected with the present "In the early part of last spring, a carriage was cilities of communication ensure its increase. The subject, I shall proceed at once to state, that the ap established as a public conveyance between Glouces Railroad can do, in no small degree, for the village paratus constructed for the purpose of working these ter and Cheltenham. It commenced running on the and town of Jamaica, what steamboats have done bodies was, in May, 1825, made the basis of a steam 21st of February, and stopped on the 22d of June, for the village and the lands of Brooklyn. engine, with which my first experiments were for reasons that will presently appear. During this made, connected with propelling carriages on com period, the carriage traveled four times a day regu STEAM CARRIAGES ON COMMON ROADS. mon roads." larly, between these two places. It carried upwards [From the London Courier.] It now goes on to detail the experiments which of three thousand passengers without a single acciThe practicability of this subject having been ful-were made with the steam engine, and the effects dent, in less time than horse coaches, and at one-half ly established and recognized by the Legislature, it observed in its action under various circumstances, their fares; every practical objection was settled, is now become one of serious public attention, and which show the gradual progress of the invention. and pecuniary and other advantages confirmed by the most powerful interests are excited at this mo- Mr. Gurney is evidently well acquainted with first positive experience.

ment for and against. We have read with much principles; we meet with the following observa- "The undertaking, which had hitherto been conpleasure a pamphlet on steam carriages, by Mr. Gur-tions in explanation of the effect of hills on loco-sidered as chimerical, or regarded as a series of phiney, the object of which professes to be that of lay- motive engines, which are altogether new and pecu losophical experiments, now became serious. Men, ing before the public a series of facts, which direct liarly interesting. The position is somewhat start whose interests, real or imaginary, were affected, bely or indirectly bear on all points of controling yet trus:came alarmed-agriculturists hastily considered the versy, so that they may be enabled to form more de- 1st. The amount of extra power necessary to subject as one calculated to injure them-the public cided and correct judginents on its merits. He com- draw a certain weight up a hill is given by the in- were rapidly becoming converts in its favor. In plains, and with some reason, that the subject has clination, and is the same whether it be on a Rail. this state of things the most gross mis statements, has been unfairly prejudiced in public estimation by road or common road, whether it be carried on a were industriously and extensively circulated reinterested reports and that gross mis-statements horse's back, or dragged on wheels, or on a sledge. specting the carriage. With what effect these rehave given rise to false impressions, which have This increment is occasioned by gravitation alone. ports were circulated, may be judged of, when it is been hastily acted on, to the serious injury of the "2d. The force of traction necessary to propel a stated that, under the impression arising from these best interests of society. The facts are forcible in ton weight on a level Railroad is about 8lbs.; that is reports, an immense number of Turnpike Bills hastithemselves, and simply stated without comment: 1-280th, or, to be within limits in practice say, 1-ly passed both Houses of Parliament, imposing pro altogether, they make out a strong case, and satis. 248th part of the whole weight. The average force hibitory tolls. In some cases the tolls imposed factorily show the subject to be one of just impor. required to draw a ton weight on a common road, amounted to £2 at every gate, at others to £2 88., tance to the country; and that some extraordinary is 1.12th of the whole weight. The former is there. and in some to £3 88., as if it were a national object proceedings, influenced in proportion to its weight, fore to the latter as 1 to 20. to prevent the possibility of such engines being have taken place, with a view of impeding it. The "3d. To go up a hill rising one foot in twelve, used. The Cheltenham Roads Bill' was one of the Courier was the first Journal which anticipated a viz. three inches in a yard, (which is about the Acts passed amongst the number." favorable termination to Mr. Gurney's experiments steepest now on our public roads, (an additional Here follow the returns of the daily work of the when they were first publicly noticed; and our opin- force of traction is required, equal, in all cases, to carriage at Gloucester, the amount of expenses, reions of its political and other effects have uniformly one twelfth of the weight, to overcome the increas. ceipts, number of passengers, and the time of every been the same. We state this much, for with these ed opposition arising from gravitation. Thus then, journey, in minutes, between Gloucester and Chel. feelings we have read the pamphlet, and confess it to go up a common road of the above elevation, the tenham. This table is very curious; it shows the has made a powerful impression on our minds. It power of traction is simply doubled, and no more, gradual increase of confidence of the public, by the is, in fact, a plain appeal to common sense, without while on a Railroad, it is increased to 21 times corresponding gradual increase of passengers. any attempt to influence the judgment by argument greater than it was on a level. The carriage seems to have kept its time with or private opinion. The circumstances are so truly "It is this enormous difference in the tractive extraordinary punctuality, considering it the first

neer:

stone.

To Goldsworthy Gurney, Esq.”

practical essay; it seldom varied more than from ther increased the number of their sub-contractors, as the tire is rolled of such shape as to form a felloc, four to five minutes. Weight does not seem to have and generally with responsible men, and they express or what corresponds with it, a tire and flange at the affected it. It appears, on the 10th of May, the car-their determination to comply with the time, and same time. The above difficulty cannot occur, and riage took 38 passengers at one time, and made the their confidence that they will be able to do so. the stiffness from the sectional depth, which is thus distance in sixty minutes; the next journey it took There is a strong probability, that some time in obtained, is of great value, while the liability to eight passengers, and did it in fifty eight minutes, November next, there will intervene between the breakage is entirely removed. Indeed, I look upon making only a difference of two minutes with this Savannah and Edisto but fifteen to eighteen miles that part of the wheel as almost perfect. extra load of passengers. Sometimes it made the of the Railroad which cannot be made use of, a It will be with difficulty, and only by personal exjourney in forty minutes; but on an averago, it temporary portage over which being established, will ertions and the combined interests of several Com. seems to be about fifty fivo. Immediately after this permit the road to be practically brought into panies, that wrought iron tires of that description account comes the following letter from the ongi-operation at that date. can be obtained. New rolls for the manufacture Having suggested several measures to be taken will have to be constructed, as none have heretofore Gloucester, June 23, 1831. with reference to some of the contractors on the been made in this country. The object I deem a "Dear Sir, I am exceedingly sorry to inform Eastern Division, Mr. Allen remarks:you that we have broke the hind axle. Yesterday highly important one, and no exertion should bo When these measures recommended are taken, spared to have the future Engines running on that morning we found the road filled up with loose believe that the mouth of August as heretofore description of tire. I confidently expect, hereafter stones for a considerable way near the four mile stated, may be taken as the probable time of com. to see passenger carriages running on that descrippletion of the Eastern Division. tion of tire with five feet wheels. All which is reI decided against a self-acting arrangement for spectfully submitted. HORATIO ALLEN, "I send you a continuation of my journal. W turn outs and have sought for a plan which would have made altogether 396 regular journeys, making. give an unbroken line on the main track; not Chief Engineer South Carolina Railroad. Charleston, April 1s, 1932. 3,644 miles in all. The number of passengers who changing the line or surface of the road at the pass. To the President and Directors of the South Carolipaid fares, 2 666. Our receipts have been £2024 63; ing place, and at the same time be of simple charac. our expenses in coke altogether £78. One third of ter, easy adjustment and not requiring heavy cast. na Canal and Railroad Company. this coke has been burnt in exercise and experients ings or expensive workmanship. A small working municated the following statement as explanatory GENTLEMEN: In a note of the 20th ult. I comwhen we were not running. I have taken the carriage model of the plan now recommended, will explain of the nature and causes of the unfortunate accident to pieces to mend the axle, and find the engine ne itself so much more clearly than can be done by the of the 19th ult : worn or injured; and, with the exception of the brasses on the crank, there has been no perceptible wear pen, that I refer to it and verbal explanations for a of any part. I am, dear Sir, yours faithfully and oIt originated principally in the brittle quality of more full communication of my views. bediently. Should the Board agree with me in considering but defective as they were, it wouid not probably the wrought iron axles of the car which broke down, JAMES STONE. the plan recommended, as one well adapted to their have taken place, had the axles never been subjectMr. Gurney states that, in consequence of these pro- the points, at which to locate the necessary turn road, there will remain but the determination of ed to a greater strain than from 1.2 to 3.4 of a ton ceedings, he petitioned the House of Commons, and that a Committee was appointed to inquire into the outs and passing places. per wheel. The natural division of the road by passing places, on the road, were of 2 1.4 in diameter, which in The axles employed in the cars first made use of subject. The report of the committee states, that they consider the subject of locomotion on common roadshould be into half, quarters, eighths, &e. Other carrying from 3 to 5 tons were found in some inthe most important improvement ever introduced; circumstances will dictate trifling variations from tances to bend but in no case to break. With the that there has been no justification for such enormous the points, which such a division would determine. view of guarding against the bending they were intolls; that steam earsiages do not injure the road so 1st. As to the direction of the road it is important creased in diameter from 2 1-4 to 2 3-4 a 2 7-8, bemuch as horse coaches; they consider its practica- to place the turn outs at or near a curve. bility fully established, and recommend legislative 2d. As to grade, economy of construction and than fifty per cent. They were obtained from pering an increase of strength in dimension of more protection with the least possible delay. facility of preparation and use, would recommend sons at the north, who had made many for other that they should be on low work and sleeper con- roads, and the importance of the best material was SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY. struction if possible. To the President and Directors of the South Carolina 3d. The passing places being likewise adapted for strongly urged on them. Canal and Railroad Company. the delivery and receipt of goods and passengers, it iron and increased dimensions, and had the metal All the axles which have broken, are of this new GENTLEMEN—The map of the seventh residency, would be judicious so to locate them as would af proved sound, would have been adequate to much which accompanies this communication, exhibits in ford the greatest facility to the business of the ad. greater strains than it was ever intended to subject its red line, the final location of the Western termi-jacent country. nating portion of the Railroad, the terms and time In the application of these principles I would re. the case, and to the imperfection of the material is them to, but most unfortunately this has not been for the construction of the last four miles of which, commend that turn outs and passing places be con- to be attributed mainly the failures which have by contract, have already been communicated, and structed at the following points. the faithful porformance of which the contractors occurred," For the central one, on the western bank of the have given security to the amount of $10,000. Edisto. The exact centre would be a mile and a subsequent and more deliberate examination. This statement has been most fully confirmed by It will be perceived that the line of location, as it half farther west, but with the view of connecting turns from the valley of Horse Creek into that of the business of the road with that of the river, several lately fitted up with outside bearings, and The car, the axle of which gave way, was one of the Savannah, inclines to the hill bordering on the the above location will be judicious. river swamps and follows its side, to within 2000] feet of the Savannah bridge, which it then ap. judicious one with respect to the places for taking compelled its occasional use for the transportation The distance apart of the turn outs I think a passengers, but the inadequate number of cars had was intended more especially for the conveyance of proaches, within 600 feet and in such a direction, as in wood and water, as with the eight wheel Engine of timber. It is probable that the axle had received, to allow the Railroad to cross either on, or near it, conveying loads, as heavy as their power will permit, while thus employed, some imperceptible injury or of being extended through Hamburg, to cross at it will be necessary to take in wood and water about which led to its final failure. any other desired point. The graduation adopted is once in 8 to 9 miles. a level line, above the highest freshets, and having few curvatures, the least radius of which is 2000 have suggested themselves, or rather experience has represented that as many were on it, which could Several improvements of an important character ber of passengers on the car, but as it is generally It is difficult to ascertain with accuracy the numshown that they may be introduced. One of the furnish seats for forty-four, as it could receive, it is No farther arrangements, in construction of the most important is securing the cylinders, slides and probable that the number was not less than from 5 lue have been made, as the resolution of the Board other working gear at once to or rather between the to 40. only authorized me to locate the road to the Savan- boilers, by which means an unequal motion of the nah bridge. I would however suggest that the most boiler and cylinders which now exist, will be avoid the first instance rose upon the iron plate, and that It has been represented by some that the wheel in easy method of connection with Augusta, would be ed, while at the same time the cylinder will be kept the axle broke in consequence of the shock which over the present bridge, which could be effected at hot, by being placed the quarter part of it in the ensued, on the wheel then running off the road. little inconvenience to the use now made of the chimney, and exposed to the full heat of its draught, bridge, and at small expense of preparation for Rail- and the escape steam on which the artificial draught it is remarkable that the car ran from thirty or forty This was by no means the case; on the contrary road purposes. As it is probable that in no case depends, will pass at once up the chimney without feet on three wheels, and did not eventually leave would it be judicious to enter Augusta with steam the discharge pipes being exposed to the air. By the road, until the loss of the fourth wheel allowed Engines, the Depot for locomotives will consequent- this arrangement also, the valves, slides and steam the balance of the carriage to be destroyed. ly be on the Carolina side, at which place the trains chests will be brought mear at hand to the Engineer. would be made up and start. The communication Some minor alterations relative to the hanging of instance gave way only so far as to bring the wheel The axle did not break off at once, but in the first would therefore be, by means of horse power, and to the boiler are in view, which will give a more per inside of the rail, when it was foreed more and more give that horse power the advantage of a Railroad fect and ready command over the equipoise of the from its perpendicular position, by each successive track on the bridge, will merely require rail timbers machinery. It is also hoped that we can dispense blow on the cap, until it was finally broken off, and 6 by 8, to be secured to the flooring of the bridge; with the side platforms, which will reduce the it was not until then that the other three wheels left placing the centre of the Railroad track a little one weight and render the appearance more compact. their proper situation.

feet.

rectors.

1

side of the passage over the bridge, in order that one Jones' English wheels, which have been lately Being in possession of the causes of the difficulty of the rails might be between the horses, when dri-received, have shown how to guard against the great. we are prepared to provide as well against its recur von in pairs. What would be the views of the est source of difficulty, anticipated from the wheels rence, as to disarm it as far as possible from danger. Bridge Company, as to such an arrangement I can. of the plan now used on the S. C. Railroad. The ous results. not say, being unacquainted with the tenor of the felloes of the five foot wheels of that Engine are of propositions made by them to the Board of Di- cast iron, on which a wrought iron tire and flange the passenger carriages be placed on wrought iron With the view to the first it is recommended that in one piece is shrunk and turned down. The diffi.wheels with axles having both an inside and outside After having again passed and returned through culty which I fear will eventually occur with those bearing, while each pair of wheels has a common the entire line, I have found no reason to change wheels, is the elongation of the wrought iron tire, axle which will give all the stability of an axle from the opinion expressed in the Report of February 15, which being interposed between two hard substances wheel to wheel, as well as the security of the ap as to the probable time of completion of the Western will, after two or three years service, probably replication of the weight to the axle close to each side Division; but have my confidence rather increased quire to be cut and welded and turned again. than otherwise. The Messrs. Grays have still furof the hubb of the wheel. Adopting this arrangeThis objection does not exist with Jones' wheel, ment and making use of none but the best hammered

three feet on each side.

iron of proved quality will render the failure of an ax-inducements to locate have been offered in some sit. Extracts from the Preface of the Philadelphia edition lo or wheel almost impossible. uations, in many other respects, favorable to the inof Wood's Treatise on Railroads. With the view to the second object it is proposed terests of the company and the convenience of the The work of Mr. Wood is extremely valuable, ininstead of supporting the weight above the axle to community. asmuch as it is a record of numerous and well consuspend the frame below, thus bringing the cross Information is now being collected, as to the ex. ducted experiments: it is, however, incomplete ; pieces within six inches of the top of the rail, and tent of intercourse and trade between this city and embracing only a part of of the extensive and interat the same time to extend the cross pieces two or Hamburg and Augusta, which I am in hopes short. esting subject of Railroads. Many topics of great ly to be able to lay before the Board, in a satisfacto. importance are not discussed, and some are not even With a frame so placed, if either wheel or axle ry form. Judging from the facts so far as collected, alluded to. The mode of constructing Railroads— should break, the carriage would only fall six inches, I am convinced, that the revenue growing out of the the principles which regulate curvatures-the mode when it would be supported by the cross pieces, and travel, will far exceed any calculations which have of consolidating embankments, and of securing & thus very much diminish the probability of any inju been placed on file in the office, or even ventured on firm foundation for stone blocks or sleepers-the du by the Board, in discussing the subject. ration and cost of constructing, repairing and main. taining Railroads, and of the vehicles and engines The following statements, in the mean time, may used on them-the precise effect of such curves of dif. never employed for any other purpose, and that the serve to give some idea of the extant of travel which ferent radii on the friction of carriages moving with number of passengers be restricted to TWENTY with may be calculated on, when the arrangements to ac- various velocities-the effect of curves on the du.

rious results.

It is also recommended that the frames, wheels and axles intended for the passenger carriages, be

commodate are completed.

bruary to 20th April,

their ordinary luggage.
When tho above arrangements are carried inte Stage Passengers from Columbia from 1st Fe.
effect, which they will be with the utmost caution
and vigilance, the probability that accidents of a
similar character will be entirely avoided, is almost
made certainty.

Respectfully submitted,

HORATIO ALLEN, Chief Engineer South Carolina Rail Road Charleston, May 2, 1832.

Do do to Columbia, same time,
Do do from Augusta, from 15th February to
20th April,

Do do to Augusta, same time,
Do do from Camden, (no return for Febru-
ary.)
Do do to Camden,
Savannah Mail, from 16th to 29th February,
Passengers Tickets sold in February, up.
wards and return CHECKS,

5

Contractors, Workmen and others (assumed)
per diem,

New-York, April 28, 1832. HORATIO ALLEN, Esq.-Dear Sir.-We are ex tremely sorry to hear that the axles we forwarded to you have broken. Our mill is undergoing repair, and we had the iron made at another work-and Engineers and attendants on the Engine they promised it should be made out of best quality (ass'd) 7 per diem, iron, or we should not have given them the order knowing the importance of having the best quality per diem, for this purpose. Our mill will be finished in all next month, when we will be able to make them

equal to those made for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, none of which have ever failed.

Respectfully yours, &c.

DUNSCOMB & EGLESTON.

To the President and Directors of the South Carolina
Canal and Railroad Company.

Hands with Lumber and other materials, 7

Tickets sold in March and Checks for return,
Miscellaneous Travellers,

Tickets sold from 1st to 20th April and re-
turned Checks,

Workmen, Contractors, hands, attendants, &c. daily trips,

Total persons,

GENTLEMEN: I am happy to inform the Board, Produce, Rail Timber, Iron Spikes, &c. that the same liberality and friendly disposition, on Transported from the 1st March to the 26th the part of the land owners, which was early mami- April,

fested towards our undertaking, still continue una Transported, month February, (assum. bited. The line of road throughout, to the pre-ed,)

204
201

ration of the rails-the quantity of oil, or other unguent, required for lubricating the axles of the wag. ons-the effect of various rates of speed on the expense of conveyance, (embracing the wear and fre. quency of repairs of the road, vehicles and engines:) 233 these, and some other topics, present a wide field in 236 which Mr. Wood may hereafter labor to the great

advantage of the public, who so highly estimate the 36 value of his past exertions. A complete and com. 66 prehensive treatise, respecting the history, proper50 ties, and mode of constructing Railroads and their

appendages, is yet a desideratum-a word for which 298 the events of every day are preparing materials, and

which the inquiring dispositition of the age most 145 urgently demands. A hope may be expressed, that Mr. Wood and others will not discontinue their ef 203 forts until the deficiency be supplied.

541

The Editor has corrected a few errors, supplied 203 some omissions, and added explanatory notes and 982 references: some information respecting recent im. provements in Europe and America, and a detailed account of a number of important Railroads in both 1749 countries have been given. Two additional chapters are also appended, the first of which contains a 541 discussion respecting the comparative value of Railroads and Canals, and the second a number of de5689 tached notes which could not be conveniently insertin other parts of the work.

The Editor intended to give a detailed statement 600 tons. of the cost, length, plan, and character of every Railroad in Europe and America exceeding five 400 tons. miles in extent, and an accurate list of the Canals cincts of Hamburg, is now occupied by the contrac. This work has been performed, by the average of Great Britain and America. The list was not tors, and there has not occurred a single case of liti-service of one Engine, with not more than half the yet complete, (and as some time would be necessa gation. complement of Cars, necessary to convey a burden ry to perfect it,) the publishers of this edition requestIn the prosecution of the work, many places high. equivalent to her powers, as it is known that from ed that the work might appear in the present incomly improved and cultivated, were necessarily laid a combination of causes, the axles of four of the Cars plete state, and that the residue of the list might waste and in some instances the buildings destroy- when heavily laden have given way. be inserted in another edition, if requisite. ** ed, or rendered unfit for the purposes intended; in The world is indebted to Oliver Evans, a native all which cases the remuneration has been fixed and roads, that it has withstood these repeated demands latent and hitherto unsuspected value and pre emi. It is creditable to the plan of constructing the citizen of Pennsylvania, for the discovery of their accepted upon terms so evidently equitable as to avoid the necessity of resorting to arbitration; with upon its strength and solidity, without serious inju: nent importance. In 1784, he first conceived the the exception of one case which as yet remains up placed, and the damage to the other parts of the plication of it to carriages, on common roads, as ry. In no instance has a rail been broken or dis-idea of his high pressure steam engine, and the ap. decided. The number of landcases, which remain road, involved neither expense nor delay in repair. motive power. to be adjusted, are but few and shall receive my im. He foresaw the superiority, and mediate attention after the meeting of the stock. Another source of satisfaction is, that in no case strenuously urged the adoption of Railways and holders. There is no difficulty to be apprehended. were the Cars or Engines upset, they having inva- locomotive engines in lieu of Canals, some time beThe order of the Board, to purchase land at or became arrested, either by the wheels coming in before it had entered into the imagination of any riably fallen between the rails, when the momentum fore the termination of the 18th century, and long near the summit of the inclined planes, has been ex-contract with the transverse pieces, or by the resis other human being. His zealous efforts to promote ecu ed, as far as was deemed judicious; with the ex eeption of one tract, containing about 80 acres, for face of the rails. Respectfully submitted. tance produced by the sliding of the frame on the sur- this favorite scheme, were in advance of the opinwhich no legal titles could be obtained. The aggre. gate quantity purchased is 271 acres. The total cost 1650 dollars.

ions of the age; he attracted no attention, and was charged with insanity for believing in the pos sibility of effects which are now daily witnessed.W. W. Williams, Esq. who is an extensive landed In 1799, he commenced the construction of a loco. proprietor, owning the lands immediately adjoining of a committee of the British House of Coramons, Railway to be made for the purpose. After frequent STEAM CARRIAGES -The following is the report motive steam engine, which was to be tested on a the northern and western boundary of the tracts pur-appointed to inquire into the subject of these vehicles interruptions, he completed the engine in 1801, but chased by the company, has executed a deed, by as conveyances on common roads: which the Direction, should they deem it expedient the locomotive carriage was not finished for public to extend their plans so as to occupy his ground, common reads at an average rate of ten miles per-4, when it commenced its majestic march through 1. That carriages can be propelled by steam on exhibition until the latter part of the winter of 1803 shall have the power of laying it off, in such streets, hour. squares, or lots, as they may think proper, and in consideration of the increased value accruing there of fourteen passengers. by, as obligated himself to execute a fee-simple title to the company, of each alternate square, lot, or, parcel of land. The same conditions have been acceded to by several of the lesser proprietors and no doubt is entertained, but that all will agree to a mea. sure so obviously to their interests.

the streets of Philadelphia, in the presence of at

3. That at this rate they have conveyed upwards least twenty thousand spectators. Mr. Evans urged, in repeated addresses to the public, the construction water, and attendance, may be under three tons. 3. That their weight, including engine, fuel, and of a Railroad from Philadelphia to New York, and,

in 1809, attempted to form a company for the pursiderable inclination with facility and safety. 4. That they can ascend and descend hills of con. pose of effecting it, purposing the investment of his whole fortune in the enterprize; experience having

5. That they are perfectly safe for passengers. convinced him that the prejudices and ignorance of 6. That they are not, (or need not be) if properly mankind could only be gradually removed, and that It was at one time supposed, that it would be pro constructed, nuisances to the public. time would demonstrate the truth and value of his per to purchase a small parcel of land, at the princi- 7. They will become a speedier and cheaper mode plans. He published the following remarkable propal passing and stopping places on the line. The of conveyance than caeriages drawn by horses. phecy in one of his well known essays, in which he importance and value of those stopping places to the 8. That as they admit of greater breadth of tire reproaches his contemporaries for their tardiness in proprietors of adjacent land, are now better under- than other carriages, and as the roads are not acted not adopting his suggestions:-The present genera! stood and more correctly appreciated; propositions on so injuriously as by the feet of horses in common tion will use Canals, the next will prefer Railroads having recently been received, tendering the land draught, such carriages will cause less wear of with horses; but their more enlightened successors necessary for the business purposes of the company, roads than the ordinary vehicles, drawn by horses. will employ my steam carriages on Railways, as the with offers to construct such works, as may be re- 9. That on some roads tolls have been imposed perfection of the art of conveyance in the mean quired to effect this object, free of charge. Those which will be prohibitory of their being used. timo the steam carriages may be tested even on the