to any of the before mentioned purposes, or disposed wished to purchase no more. During the present which it had previously stood from the first establish. of in bounties to the officers and soldiers of the A- session of Congress, further to extend accommoda- ment of the present system of selling the public merican army, shall be considered a common fund tion to the purchasers of the public lands, and espe. lands. A leading consideration with Congress in for the use and benefit of such of the United States cially to the poorer classes, the sections have been the reduction of the price, was that of substituting as have become, or shall become, members of the con- again divided into sixteenths, admitting a purchase cash sales for the credits which had been before al federation or federal alliance of the said States, Vir- of only 40 acres. lowed, and which, on many accounts, it was deemed ginia inclusive, according to their usual respective This uniform system of surveying and dividi g expedient to abolish. A further reduction of the propertions in the general charge and expenditure, the public lands applies to all the States and Terri- price, if called for by the public interests, must be and shall be faithfully and bona fide disposed of for tories within which they are situated. Its great ad- required, either, 1st. Because the government now that purpose, and for no other use or purpose what- vantago are manifest. It ensures perfect security of demands more than a fair price for the public lands; soever." Passing by the cessions with other States, title, and certainty of boundary, and consequently or, 2dly. Because the existing price retards, injuri prompted by a magnanimous spirit of union and pat avoids those perplexing land disputes, the worst of ously, the settlement and population of the new riotism successively made, we come to the last in the all species of litigation, the distressing effects of States and Territories. These suggestions deserve series, that of Georgia in 1802. The articles of which have been fatally experienced in some of the separate and serious consideration. agreement and cossion entered into between that western States. But these are not the only advan. 1. The Committee possess no means of determinState and the United States, among various other tages, great as they unquestionably are. The system ing the exact value of all the public lands now in conditions, contain the unequivocal declaration lays the foundation of useful civil institutions, the market, nor is it material, at the present time, that "that all the lands ceded by this agreement to the benefit of which is not confined to the present gen. the precise worth of each township or section should United States shall, after satisfying the abovemen eration, but will be transmitted to posterity. be accurately known. It is presumable that a considtioned payment of one million two hundred and fif Under the operation of the system thus briefly erable portion of the immense quantity offered to ty thousand dollars to the State of Georgia, and the sketched, the progress of the settlement and popu- sale, or held by the United States, would not now grants recognized by the preceding conditions, be lation of the public domain of the United States has command, and may not be intrinsically worth the considered as a common fund for the use and benefit been altogether unexampled. Views which the comminimum price fixed by law; on the other hand it is of the United States, Georgia included, and `skall be mittee will hereafter present, conclusively demon- certain that a large part is worth more. If there faithfully disposed of for that purpose, and for no strate that, whilst the spirit of free emigration should could be a discrimination made, and the government other use or purpose whatever." not be checked or counteracted, it stands in no had any inotive to hasten the sales beyond the reguneed of any fresh stimulus. lar demands of the population, it might be proper to Thus, by the clear and positive terms of these acts of cession, was a great, public, national trust, creat Before proceeding to perform the specific duty as establish different rates, according to the classes of ed and assumed by the General Government. It be signed to the committee by the Senate, they had of land; but the government having no inducement came solemnly bound to hold and administer the thought it desirable to exhibit some general views of to such acceleration, has hitherto proceeded on the lands ceded, as a common fund for the use and bene- this great national resource. For that purpose, a liberal policy of establishing a moderate price, and fit of all the States, and for no other use or purpose call, through the Senate, for information, has been by subdivisions of the sections so as to accommodate whatever. To waste or misapply this fuud, or to made upon the Executive branch of the government. the poorer citizens, has placed the acquisition of a divert it from the common benefit for which it was A report has not yet been made; but, as the com. home within the reach of every industrious man.— conveyed, would be a violation of the trust. The mittee are desirous of avoiding any delay not alto. For one hundred dollars any one may now purchase General Government has no more power, rightfully, gether indispensable, they have availed themselves eighty, or for fifty dollars, forty acres of first rate to cede the lands, thus acquired, to one of the new of a report from the Secretary of the Treasury to land, yielding, with proper cultivation, from fifty to States, without a fair equivalent, than it could retro- the House of Representatives, under date of 6th eighty bushels of Indian corn, per acre, or other cede them to the State or States from which they April, 1832, hereto annexed, marked A, and of such equivalent crops. There is no more satisfactory criterion of the fairmuch more equity in the latter than in the former From that report it appears that the aggregate of ness of the price of an article, than that arising case. Nor is the moral responsibility of the General all sums of money which have been expended by the from briskness of sales when it is offered in the mar. Government at all weakened by the consideration United States, in the acquisition of the public lands, ket. On applying this rule, the conclusion would that, if it were so unmindful of its duty as to disre- including interest on account of the purchases of seem to be irresistible, that the established price is gard the sacred character of the trust, there might be Louisiana and Florida, up to the 30th September, not too high. The amount of the sales in the year no competent power, peacefully applied, which could 1831, and including, also, expenses in their sale and 1828, was $1,018,308 75; in 1829, $1,517,175 13; coerce its faithful execution. management, is $48,077,551 40; and that the in 1830, $2 329,356 14, and, during the year 1831, The other source whence the public lands of the amount of money received at the Treasury, for pro- $3,000,000. And the Secretary of the Treasury United States have been acquired, are, 1st, the trea ce ds of the sales of the public lands to the 30th observes in his annnal report, at the commencement ty of Louisiana, concluded in 1802 and 2dly, the September, 1831, is $37,272,713 31. The Govern- of this session, that "the receipts from the public treaty of Florida, signed in 1819. By the first, all ment, therefore, had not been reimbursed by $10,- lands, during the present year, it will be perceived, the country west of the Mississippi, and extending 804,838 9.10ths. According to the same report, it have likewise excceeded the estimate, and, indeed, to the Pacific ocean, known as Louisiana, which had appears that the estimated amount of unsold lands, have gone beyond all former example. It is believed successively belonged to France, Spain and France on which the foreign and Indian titles have been ex that, notwithstanding the large amount of scrip and again, including the island of New Orleans, and tinguished, is 227,293,884, within the limits of the forfeited land stock that may still be absorbed in pay. stretching east of the Mississippi to the Perdido, new States and Territories; and that the Indian ti. ment for lands, yet if the surveys now projected, be was transferred to the United States, in considera-tle remains on 113,577,869 acres within the same completed, the receipts from this source of revenue tion of the sum of fifteen millions of dollars, which limits; that there have been granted to Ohio, Indi- will not fall greatly below those of the present year." they stipulated to pay, and have since punctually ana, Illinois and Alabama, for internal improvements, And he estimates the receipts during the current paid, to France, besides other conditions deemed 2 187,665 acres; for colleges, academies and uni- year, from this source, at three millions of dollars. favorable and important to her interests. By the versities, in the new States and Territories, the It is incredible to suppose that the amount of sales treaty of Florida, both the provinces of East and quantity of 508,009; for education, being the thirty. would have risen to so large a sum, if the price had West Florida, whether any portion of them was or sixth part of the public lands appropriated for com. been unreasonably high. The committee are aware was not ceded to the United States in consideration, non schools, the amount of 7.952,538 acres; and that the annual receipts may be expected to fluctu. besides other things, of the payment of five millions for seats of government in some of the new States ate, as fresh lands, in favorite districts, are brought of dollars which they agreed to pay, and have since and Territories, 21,589 acres. By a report of the into market, and according to the activity or slug. accordingly paid. Commissioner of the General Land Office, commu. gishness of emigration in different years. were originally obtained. There would indeed be other information as was accessible to them. : The large pecuniary considerations thus paid to nicated to congress with the annual message of the Against any considerable reduction of the price o these two foreign powers, were drawn from the President of the United States, in December, 1827, the public lands, unless it be necessary to a more Treasury of the people of the United States, and the total quantity of the public lands beyond the apid population of the new States, which will be consequently, the countries for which they formed boundaries of the new States and Territories, was hereafter examined, there are weighty, if not decithe equivalents, ought to be held and deemed for the estimated to be 750,000.000. The aggregate, there- sive considerations: common benefit of all the people of the United fore, of all the unsold and unappropriated public 1. The Government is the proprietor of much the States. To divert the lands from that general object; lands of the United States, surveyed and unsurvey. largest quantity of unseated lands of the United to misapply or sacrifice them; to squander, or im-ed, on which the Indian title remains or has been States. What it has in market, bears a large proprovidently cast them away, would be alike subver. extinguished, lying within and without the bounda- portion to the whole of the oc upied lands within Sive of the interests of the people of the U. States, ries of the new States and Territories, agreeably to their limits. If a considerable quantity of any article, and contrary to the plain dictates of the duty by the two reports now referred to, is 1,090,871,753 land, or any commodity whatever, in market, the which the General Government stands bound to the acres. There had been 138,988,224 acres surveyed, price at which it is sold will affect, in some degree, States and to the whole people. and the quantity only of 18,239,412 acres sold up to the value of the whole of that article, whether ex. Prior to the treaties of Louisiana and Florida, the 1st January, 1826. When the information cal posed to sale or not. The influence of a reduction Congress had adopted a system for surveying and sel led for shall be received, the subsequent surveys and of the price of the public lands would probably be felt ling the public ands, devised with much care and sales, up to the present period, will be ascertained. throughout the Union; certainly in all the western great deliberation, the advantages of which having The committee are instructed by the Senate to in- States, and most in those which contain, or are near. been fully tested by exp rience, it was subsequently quire into the expediency of reducing the price of est to, the public lands. There ought to be the most applied to the countries acquired by those treaties. the public lands, and, also, of ceding them to the cogent and conclusive reasons for adopting a meaAccording to that system, all public lands offered for several States in which they are situated, on reason. sure which might seriously impair the value of the sale are previously accurately surveyed, by skilful able terms. The committee will proceed to examine property of the yeomanry of the country. Whilst surveyors, in ranges of townships of six miles square these two subjects of inquiry distinctly, beginning it is decidedly the most important class in the comeach, which townships are subdivided into thirty-six first with that which relates to a reduction of price. munity, most patient, patriotic, and acquiescent in equal divisions or square miles, called sctions, by I. According to the existing mode of selling the whatever public policy is pursued, it is unable or unlines crossing each other at right angles, and gen. public lands, they are first offered at public auction willing to resort to those means of union and conerally containing 640 acres. These sec ions are for what they will bring in a free and fair competi- cert which other interests employ to make themagain divided into quarters, and, prior to the year 1820 tion among the purchasers; when the public sales selves heard and respected. Government should, no person could purchase a loss quantity than a cease, the lands remaining unsold, may be bought therefore, feel itself constantly bound to guard, with quarter. In that year, provision was made for the from time to time, at the established rate of one dol. sedulous care, the rights and welfare of the great bofurther division of the sections into eighths, thereby lar and a quarter per acre. The price was reduced dy of our yeomanry. Would it be just towards those allowing a purchaser to buy only eighty acres, if he to that sum, in 1820, from two dollars per acre, at who have heretofore purchased public lands at high er prices, to say nothing as to the residue of the ag-place, it is to be observed, that if, as has been before B.) the Senate will see presented various iuteresting ricultural interest of the United States, to make such stated, the reduction of the price of the public lands views of the progress of population in the several a reduction, and thereby impair the value of their should stimulate speculation, the consequence would States. In that table, it will be seen, that each of property ? Ought not any such plan of reduction, probably be, at least for some years, an augmenta- eleven States exceeded, and each of thirteen fel. Should it short of, an increase at an average rate of thirtyif adopted, to be accompanied with compensation for tion of the revenue from that source. the injury which they would inevitably sustain ? have the effect of speculation supposed, it would three per cent. The greatest increase, during the 2. A material reduction of price would excite and probably also retard the settlement of the new states, term, was in the State of Illinois, where it was one stimulate the spirit of speculation, now dormant by placing the lands engrossed by speculators, in hundred and eighty-five per cent, or at the rate of 18 and probably lead to a transfer of vast quantities o. anticipation of increased value, beyond the reach 1-2 per cent. per annum; and the least was in Dela-the public domain from the control of Government of emigrants. If it were true that the price demand- ware, where it was less than six per cent. The seto the hands of the speculator. At the existing ed by Government operated as a tax, the question ven States embracing the public lands had a populaprice, and with such extensive districts as the pub would still remain whether that price exceeded the tion, in 1820, of 1,207,165, and, in 1830, 2,238,802, lic constantly offers in the market, there is no great fair value of the land which emigrants are in the exhibiting an average increase of 85 per cent. The temptation to speculation. The demand is regular, habit of purchasing? and, if it did not, there would seventeen States containing no part of the public keeping pace with the progress of emigration, and be no just ground for its reduction. And assuming lands, had a population, in 1820, of 8,372,707, and, is supplied on known and moderate terms. If the it to be a tax, it might be proper to inquire who pays in 1830, of 10,477,895, presenting an average inThe thirteen States, price were much reduced, the strongest incentives the tax-the now or the old states ?-the states that crease of only 25 per cent. to engrossment of the better lands would be pre-send out, or the states that receive the emigrants? whose increase, according to the table, was below sented to large capitalists; and the emigrant, in. In the next place, regarded as a tax, those who have 33 per cent, contained, in 1820, a population of 5,stead of being able to purchase from his own Go- heretofore made purchases at the higher rate, have 939,759, and, in 1830, of 6,966,600, exhibiting an vernment upon uniform and established conditions, already paid the tax, and are as much deserving the average increase of only seventeen per cent. The inmight be compelled to give much higher and more equitable consideration of the Government as those crease of the seven new States upon a capital which, fluctuating prices to the speculator. An illustration who might hereafter be disposed to purchase at the at the commencement of the term, was 1,207,165, of this effect is afforded by the military bounty lands reduced rate. It is proper to add that, by the repeal has been greater, than that of the thirteen whose granted during the late war. Thrown into the and reduction contemplated of duties upon articles capital then was 5,939,759. In three of the eleven market at prices below the Government rate, they of foreign import, subsequent purchasers of the pub- Statos, (Tennessee, Georgia, and Maine,) whose notoriously became an object of speculation, and lic lands, as far as they are consumers of those arti- population exceeded the average increase of 33 per have principally fallen into the hands of speculators, cles, will share in the general relief, and will con- cent, there were public lands belonging to those retarding the settlement of the districts which in- sequently be enabled to apply more of their means States; and in the fourth, (New York,) the excess is clude them. to the purchase of land. probably attributable to the rapid growth of the city But in no reasonable sense can the sale of the of New York, to waste lands in the western part of 3. The greatest emigration that is believed now to take place from any of the States, is from Ohio, public lands be considered as the imposition of a that State, and to the great development of its vast Kentucky, and Tennessee. The effects of a ma- tax. The Government, in their disposal acts as a resources by means of extensive internal improveterial reduction in the price of the public lands, trustee for the whole people of the United States, ments. would be, 1st. To lessen the value of real estate in and, in that character, holds and offers thein in the These authentic views of the progress of populathose three States. 2d. To diminish their interest market. Those who want them, buy them, because tion in the seven new States, demonstrate that it is in the public domain, as a common fund for the it is their inclination to buy them. There is no nost rapid and gratifying; that it needs no such adbenefit of all the States. And, 3dly. To offer what compulsion in the case. The purchase is perfectly ditional stimulus as a further reduction in the price would operate as a bounty to further emigration from voluntary, like that of any other article which is of of the public lands; and that, by preserving and those States, occasioning more and more lands, fered in the market. In making it, the purchaser persevering in the established system for selling situated within them, to be thrown into the market, looks exclusively to his own interest. The motive them, the day is near at hand when those States, thereby not only lessening the value of their lands, of augmenting the public revenue, or any other now respectable, may become great and powerful but draining them both of their population and motive than that of his own advantage, never enters members of the Confederacy. into his consideration. The Government, there. currency. Complaints exist in the new states, that large boAnd, lastly, Congress has, within a few years, fore, stands to the purchaser in the relation merely dies of lands in their respective territories, being made large and liberal grants of the public lands to of the vendor of a subject which the purchaser's own owned by the General Government, are exempt several States. To Ohio, 922,937 acres; to Indi- welfare prompts him to acquire; and, in this respect from taxation to meet the ordinary expenses of the ana, 384,728 acres; to Illinois, 480,000 acres; and does not vary from the relation which exists between State Governinents, and other local charges; that to Alabama, 400,000 acres; amounting, together, any private vendor of waste lands, and the purcha- this exemption continues for five years after the sale to 2,187,665 acres. Considerable portions of these ser from him. Nor does the use to which the Goof any particular tract; and that land, being the lands yet remain unsold. The reduction of the vernment may think proper to apply the proceeds of principal source of the revenue of those States, an price of the public lands, generally, would impair the sale of the public lands give the smallest strength undue share of the burthen of sustaining the exthe value of these grants, as well as injuriously af to the idea that the purchase of them is tantamount penses of the State Governments falls upon the refect that of the lands which have been sold in virtue to the payment of a tax. The Government may en-sident population. To all these complaints, it may be ploy those proceeds as a part of its ordinary revenue, of them. On the other hand, it is inferred and contended- or it may apply them in any other manner, consistent answered that, by voluntary compacts between the from the large amount of public land remaining un- with the constitution, which it deems proper. There new states respectively, and the General Governsold, after having been so long exposed to sale, that may be revenue without taxation. Revenue and ment, five per cent. of the nett proceeds of all the sales of the public lands, included within their limthe price at which it is held is too high. But this taxation are not always relative terms. There may its, are appropriated for internal improvements, lead apparent tardiness is satisfactorily explained by the be taxation without revenue. There may be sources immense quantity of public lands which have been of established revenue which not only do not iming to or within those states; that a section of land in put into the market by Government. It is well ply, but which supersede, taxation. Is the conside. each township, or one-thirty-sixth part of the whole of the public lands embraced within their respective known that the new States have constantly and ur. ration paid for land to a private individual to be deen. boundaries, has been reserved for purposes of educagently pressed the extinction of the Indiane ed a tax, because that individual may happen to use tion; and that the policy of the General Government upon lands within their respective limits; and, after it as a part of his income? 2. Is the reduction of the price of the public the new States, in making various and some very has been uniformly marked by great liberality towards its extinction, that they should be brought into market ae rapidly as practicable. The liberal policy of lands necessary to accelerate the settlemont, and pothe General Government, coinciding with the wishes pulation of the states within which they are situat-extensive grants of the public lands for local purof the new States, has prompted it to satisfy the ed? Those States are Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mis. poses. But, in accordance with the same spirit of wants of emigrants from every part of the Union, souri, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. If their liberality, the committee would recommend an appropriation to each of the seven States referred to, by exhibiting vast districts of land for sale, in all growth has been unreasonably slow and tardy, we of a further sum of ten per cent. on the nett proceeds the States and Territories, thus offering every vari- may conclude that some fresh impulse, such as that of the sales of that part of the public land which ety of climate and situation to the free choice of under consideration, is needed. Prior to the treaty lies within it, for objects of internal improvement settlers. From these causes, it has resulted that the of Greenville, concluded in 1795, there were but in their respective limits. The tendency of such an power of emigration has been totally incompetent few settlements within the limits of the present state to absorb the immense bodies of waste lands offered of Ohio. Principally since that period, that is, with- appropriation will be not only to benefit those States. but to enhance the value of the public lands rein the market. For the capacity to purchase is, in a term of about forty years, that State, from a after all, limited by the emigration, and the progres wilderness, the haunt of savages and wild beasts, maining to be sold. sive increase of population. If the quantity thrown has risen into a powerful commonwealth, contain- II. The committee have now to proceed to the into the market had been quadrupled, the probability ing, at this time, a population of a million of souls, other branch of the inquiry which they were re. is that there would not have been much more annu and holding the third or fourth rank among the quired to make, that of the expediency of ceding ally sold than actually has been. With such exten- largest States in the Union. During the greater part the public lands to the several States in which they The inquiry sive fields for selection before them, purchasers, em. of that term, the minimum price of the public lands are situated, on reasonable terms. barrassed as to the choice which they should make. was two dollars per acre; and of the large quantity comprehends, in its consequences, a cession of the are sometimes probably influenced by caprice or ac with which the settlement of that State commenced, whole public domain of the United States, whether cidental causes. Whilst the better lands remain. there only remains to be sold 5,586,834 acres. lying within or beyond the limits of the present those of secondary value will not be purchased. A The aggregate population of the United Statos, States and Territories. For, although in the terms judicious farmer or planter would sooner give one exclusive of the Territories, increased from the year of the inquiry, it is limited to the new States, cesdollar and a quarter per acre for first rate land, than 1820 to 1830, from 9,579,873 to 12,716,697. The sions to them would certainly be followed by simi. receive as a donation land of inferior quality, if he rate of the increase, during the whole term of ten lar cessions to other new States, as they may, from were compelled to settle upon it. years, including a fraction, may be stated at thirty. time to time, be admitted into the Union. Three of It is also contended that the price of the public three per cent. The principle of population is pre-the present territories have nearly attained the re. land is a tax; and that, at a period when, in conse-sumed to have full scope generally in all parts of quisite population entitling them to be received as quence of the payment of the public debt, and the the United States. Any State, therefore, which has nembers of the Confederacy, and they shortly will financial prosperity of the United States, the Gov- exceeded or fallen short of that rate, may be fairly be admitted. Congress could not consistently avoid ernment is enabled to dispense with revenue, that assumed to have gained or lost, by emigration, ceding to them the public lands within their limits, tax ought to be reduced, and the revenue arising nearly to the extent of the excess or deficiency. after having made such cessions to the other States. from the sales be thereby diminished. In the first From a table accompanying this report, (marked The compact with the State of Ohio formed tha model of compacts with all the other new States as accumulating a large amount of debt in the new States tem as having been tried and approved after long and they were successively admitted. ill bordering on each other. Such an accumulation triumphant experience, But, in consequence of the Whether the question of a transfer of the public was deemed unwise and unsafe. I presented a new extraordinary financial prosperity which the United lands be considered in the limited, or more extensive bond of interest, of sympathy, and of union, partially States enjoy, the question merits examination, whethview of which has been stated, it is one of the operating to the possible prejudice of the common bond er, whilst the General Government steadily retains highest importance, and demanding the most delibe. of the whole Union. But that debt was a debt due the control of this great national resource in its own rate consideration. From the statements founded from individuals, and it was attended with this en- hands, after the payment of the public debt, the proon official reports, made in the preceding part of this couraging security, that purchasers, as they successfully ceeds of the sales of the public lands, no longer needed report, it has been seen that the quantity of unsold completed the payments for their lands, would natu. to meet the ordinary expenses of Government, may and unappropriated lands lying within the limits of rally be disposed to aid the Government in enforcing not be beneficially appropriated to some other objects the new States and Territories, is 340,871,753 acres, committee are now considering, is, to sell to the States. payment from delinquents. The project, which the for a limited time? pre and the quantity beyond those limits is, 750,000,000 n their sovereign character, and, con quen,ly, to ren seduced or intoxicated by prosperity, however flatterGovernments, no more than individuals, should be presenting an aggregate of 1,090,871,753 acres. Itder them public debtors to the Gal Government ing or great it may be. The country now happily enis difficult to conceive a question of greater magni. o an immense amount. This would inevitably create joys it in a most unexampled degree. We have abuntude than that of relinquishing this immense amount between the debtor States a common feeling, and a dant reason to be grateful for the blessings of peace of national property. Estimating its value accor-common interest, distinct from the rest of the Union.- and plenty, and freedom from debt. But we must be ding to the minimum price, it presents the enor. These States are all in the western and southwester. forgetful of all history and experience, if we indulge mous sum of 1,363,589,691 dollars. If it be said quarter of the Union, remotest from the centre of Fed the delusive hope that we shall always be exempt from that a large portion of it will never command that eral power. The debt would be felt as a load from calamity and reverses. Seasons of national adversity, price, it is to be observed, on the other hand, that, which they would constantly be desirous to relieve of suffering, and of war, will assuredly come. A wise as fresh lands are brought into market, and exposed themselves; and it would operate as a strong tempta. Government should expect, and provide for them. Into sale at public auction, many of them sell at prition, weakening if not dangerous, to the existing con stead of wasting or squandering its resources in a ces exceeding one dollar and a quarter per acre.federacy. The committee have the most animating period of general prosperity, it should husband and Supposing the public lands to be worth, on the ave. aepes, and the greatest confidedce in the strength and cherish them for those times of trial and difficulty, rage, half the minimum price, they would still wer and durability of our happy Union; and the which, in the dispensations of Providence, may be cersent the immense sum of 681,794,845 dollars. The attachment and warin affection of every member of tainly anticipated. Entertaining these views, and as the least favorable view which can be taken of them, is the confederacy cannot be doubted: but we have au proceeds of the sales of the public lands are not wantthat of considering them a capital yielding, at pre.ority higher than human, for the instruction, that ned for ordinary revenue, which will be abundantly sent, an income of 3,000,000 dollars annually. Asis wise to avoid all temptation. supplied from the impasts, the committee respectfully suming the ordinary rate of six per cent. interest per census, of 157, 445, there are 31,395,969 acres of pub- some other purpose, for a limited time, subject to be In the State of Illinois, with a population, at the last recommend that an appropriation of them be made to annum, as the standard to ascertain the amount of that capital, it would be $50,000,000. lie land, including that part on which the Indian title resumed, in the contingency of war. Should such an But this remains o be extinguished. If we suppose it to event unfortunately occur, the fand may be withdrawn income has been progressively increasing. The ave- be worth only half the ininimum price, it would amount from 1's peaceful destination, and applied in aid of rage increase during the last six years has been at to $19,622,480. How would that State be able to pay other means, to the vigorous prosecution of the war, the rate of twenty-three per cent. per annum. Sup such an enormous debt? How could it pay even the and, afterwards, to the payment of any debt which posing it to continue in the same ratio, at the end annual interest upon it? may be contracted in consequence of its existence.of a little more than four years the income would he Supposing the debtor States to fail to comply with And when peace shall be again restored, and the debt doubled, and make the capital 100,000,000 of dol- their engagements, in what mode could they be infor- of the new war shall have been extinguished, the fund lars. Whilst the populatien of the United States Ced by the General Government? In treaties betwee.. may be again appropriated to some fit object other than increases only three per cent. per annum, the in- ndependent nations the ultimate remedy is well known. that of the ordinary expenses of government. Thus crease of the demand for the public lands is at the The apprehension of an appeal to that remedy, second may this great resource be preserved and rendered rate of 23 per cent., furnishing another evidence ing the sense of justice and the regard for character subservient, in peace and in war, to the common benathat the progress of enigration, and the activity of which prevail among christian and civilized nations, fit of all the States composing the Union. sales, have not been checked by the price demanded constitutes, generally, adequate security for the per- The inquiry remains, what ought to be the specific by Government. formance of national compaets. But this last remedy application of the fund under the restriction stated?In whatever light, therefore, this great subject is would be totally inadmissible in case of delinquency After deducting the ten per cent. proposed to be set viewed, the transfer of the public lands from then the part of debtor States. The relations between apart for the new States, a portion of the committee whole people of the United States, for whose benefideracy, are happily those of peace, friendship, and plied to the objects of internal improvement, and colowould have preferred that the residue should be apfit they are now held, to the people inhabiting the fraternity, and exclude all idea force and war. new States, must be regarded as the most momentous the judiciary coe.ce the debtor States? On what General Government. But a majority of the commitCould mization of the free blacks, under the direction of the measure ever presented to the consideration of Con- could their process operate? Could the property of tee believes it better, as an alternative for the scheme gress. If such a measure could find any justification, innocent citizens, residing within the limits of those of crsion to the new States, and as being most likely it must arise out of some radical and incurable de States, be justly seized by the General Government, to give general satisfaction, that the residue be divided fect in the construction of the General Government and held responsible for debts contracted by the States among the twenty four States, according to their fedproperly to administer the public domain. But the themselves in their sovereign character? If a morteral representative population, to be applied to aducaexistence of any such defect is contradicted by the gage upon the lands ceded, were retained, that mort. tion, internal improvement, or colonization, or to the most successful experience. No branch of the pub. gage would prevent or retard subsequent sales by the redemption of any existing debt contracted for interlic service has evinced more system, uniformity and States; and, if individuals bought, subject to the en. nal improvements, as each State, judging for itself, wisdom, or given more general satisfaction, than cumbrance, a parental Government could never resort shail deem inost conformably with its own interests that of the administration of the public lands. to the painful measure of disturbing them in their and policy. Assuming the annual product of the sales If the proposed cession to the new States were to possessions. of the public lands to be three millions of dollars, the the General Government and the members of the con Bill to appropriate, for a limited time, the proceeds of the sales of the public lands of the United States. be made at a fair price, such as the General Govern- Delinquency on the part of the debtor States, would table hereto annexed, marked C, shows what each ment could obtain from individual purchasers under be inevitable, and there would be no effectual remedy State would be entitled to receive, according to the the present system, there would be no motive for it, or the delinquency. They would come, again and principle of division, which has been stated. In order unless the new States are more competent to dispose until, finding the weight of the debt intolerable, Con-gain, at a day not very far distant, be brought under again to Congress, soliciting time and indulgence; that the propriety of the proposed appropriation should of the public lands than the common Government. They are now sold under one uniform plan, regula- would finally resolve to spunge the debt; or, if Connend that it be limited to a period of five years, subgress, wearied by reiterated applications for rehef the review of Congress, the committee would recomted and controlled by a single legislative authority, gress attempted to enforce its payment, another and ject to the condition of war not breaking out in the and the practical operation is perfectly understood. worse alternative would be embraced. If they were transferred to the new States, the submean time. By an appropriation so restricted as to sequent disposition would be according to laws ema- nominal, it would be contrary to the express conditions ble extent of its proportion, and to adapt its measures If the proposed cession be made for a price merely time, each State will be enabled to estimate the probanating from various legislative sources. Competi- of the original cessions from primitive States to Con of education, improvement, colonization, or extinction tion would probably arise between the new States gress, and contrary to the obligations which the Gene- of existing debt, accordingly. in the terms which they would offer to purchasers. ral Government stands under to the whole people of In conformity with the views and principles which Each State would be desirous of inviting the greatest the United States, arising out of the fact that the ac- the committee have now submitted, they beg leave to number of emigrants, not only for the laudable pur. quisitions of Louisiana and Florida, and from Georgia, report the accompanying bill, entitled," An act to appose of populating rapidly its own territories, but were obtained at a great expense, borne from the propriate for a limited time, the proceeds of the sales with the view to the acquisition of funds to enable common treasure, aud incurred for the common bene- of the public lands of the United States." it to fulfil its engagements to the General Govern- fit. Such a gratuitous cession could not be made with- A ment. Collisions between the States would proba. out a positive violation of a solemn trust, and withbly arise, and their injurious consequences may be out manifest injustice to the old States. And its ineimagined. A spirit of hazardous speculation would quality among the new States would be as marked as Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repbe engendered. Various schemes in the new States injustice to the old would be indefensible. Thus resentatives of the United States of America in Conwould be put afloat to sell or divide the public lands. 38.291.152 acres; and the State of Ohio, with a popu day of December next, there be allowed and paid to Missouri, with a population of 140,455, would acquire gress assembled, That, from and after the thirty first Companies and combinations would be formed in lation of 935,884, would obtain only 5,586,834 acres. each of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Ala. this country, if not in foreign countries, presenting Supposing a division of the land among the citizens bama, Missouri, Mississippi, and Louisiana,over and gigantic and tempting, but delusive projects; and of those two States respectively, the citizen of Ohio above what each of the States is entitled to by the the history of legislation, in some of the States of coald obtain less than six acres for his share, and the the Union, admonishes us that a too ready ear is c tizen of Missouri, upwards of two hundred and se- terms of the compacts entered into between them, sometimes given by a majority, in a legislative as- venty two acres as his proportion. respectively, upon their admission into the Union, sembly, to such projects. Upon full and thorough consideration, the commit- and the United States, the sum of ten per centum A decisive objection to such a transfer for a fair tee have come to the conclusion, that it is inexpedient upon the nett amount of the sales of the public equivalent, is, that it would establish a new and dan- either to reduce the price of public lands, or to cede lands which, subsequent to the day aforesaid, shall grous relation between the General Government and them to the new States. They believe, on the be made within the several limits of the said Statos; the new States. In abo asking the credit which had contrary, that sound policy coincides with the duty which said sum of ten per centum shall be applied been allowed to purchasers of the public lands, prior which has devolved on the General Government to the to some object or objects of internal improvement to the year 1820. Congress was principally governed whole of the States, and the whole of the people of the within the said States, under the direction of their by the consideration of the inexpediency and hazard of Union, and enjoin the preservation of the existing sys-respective Legislatures. DEATHS. DIED-Saturday, April 21, of scarlet fever, Sophia Catharine Clay, daughter of Jonathan Davies, in the 6th year of her age. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That, after de- to the depot is quite refreshing, and the forwarding Rev. Mr. Krebs. Timothy Woodruff, Esq. to Mrs. Hepzibah ducting the said ten per centum, and what, by the agents appear to have their hands full. On Wednes. Smith, daughter of the late Jon. Cowdrev, Esq. compacts aforesaid, has hitherto been allowed to the day last the house of A. H. Brown & Co. forwarded States, aforesaid, the residue of the nett proceeds of the first train of cars laden with flour from the Point all the public lands of the United States, wherever of Rocks to Baltimore, and in all next week the forsituated, which shall be soid subsequent to the said warding business from and to "the Point" will rethirty-first day of December next, shall be divided gularly commence. Arrangements are also making among the twenty-four States of the Union, accord- to run passenger cars thither, to be connected with Saturday morning, April 21, after a lingering and painful illing to their respective federal representative popula. a line of stages running to Leesburg. ness, Frances H., daughter of Samuel Jarvis, in the 14th year tion, as ascertained by the last census, to be applied As soon as the 'leafy month' puts on its livery, of her age. by the Legislatures of the said States to such objects hundreds of our fellow citizens will embrace the OP-James Woodham, an old and respectable inhabitant of this city. Sat urday morning, April 21. in the 71st year of his age, Mr of education, internal improvement, colonization, or portunity of witnessing the beautiful scenery which At Claverack, on the morning of the 8th instant, of typhus fereimbursement of any existing debt contracted for the neighborhood of the "Point" presents: a more ver, Miss Charlotte Mary Hogeboom, in the 27th year of her age. internal improvement, as the said Legislatures may delightful excursion we cannot imagine, and we re-leski, daughter of the late John Bulkeley, Esq. of Lisbon, and At Paris, on the 1st ult.. Anne Francis Countess Cclonna Waseverally designate and authorize. commend those who have no love for the genius loci, widow of the late General Humphreys, Minister of the United States of America at Lisbon and at Madrid. rine Maria, wife of Aaron Clark, and eldest daughter of Genl. Monday evening, 23d inst. in the 36th year of her age, CatbeAnthony Lamb. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said but are inclined to gentle melancholy, to visit the several sums shall be paid at the Treasury of the Hermit's cave, recently discovered, and gaze upon United States, half yearly, to such person or per- the skull of its last sad tenant-"it may point a sons as the respective Legislatures of the said States moral," though connected with a tale which must be may authorize and direct. adorned" by fancy. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force for the term of five years from the said thirty-first day of December next, unless the United States shall become involved in war with any foreign Power; in which event, from the Commencement of hostilities, this act shall cease, and be no longer in force: Provided, nevertheless, That if prior to the expiration of this act, any new State or States shall be admitted into the Union, the aminer says, Fifty thousand dollars worth of On Sunday evening, April 22, Mary Ann, only daughter of On Friday, 20 h inst. at Fort Washington, Md. Lieut. George This morning of an iliness of three months, with an unshaken On Sunday the 22d at Rockaway, L. I. Mr. John Nostrand in the 76th year of his age. On Sunday last after a long and lingering illness, Mrs. Suanna Morgan, in the 65th year of her listressing pulmonary complaint, Col. Richard G, Cuyler aged At Vienna, Ontario Co, on the 24th instant. of a lingering and power is reserved of assigning, by law, to such new Railroad Cars.-This forenoon (April 24,) was State or States, the proportion to which such State exhibited in Monument Square, three splendid Rail-33 years. or States may be entitled, upon the principles of road Cars, constructed at Imley's Factory, for the At Philadelphia, on the 22d April, in the 40th year of her this act, and upon the principles of any of the com- Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Rail.ge, Margaret M. Collins, wife of Isaac Collins, late of this city. pacts made as aforesaid with either of the seven road Company,-the beautiful car President, (de. States first mentioned. C. Statement showing the dividend of each State, (according to its federal population.) in the proceeds of the public lands after deducting therefrom fifteen per cent. as an additional di vidend for the States in which the public land is situated. Estimated proceeds of lands, $3,000,000; deduct 15 per cent. $450,000, and $2,550,000 remains to be divided among all the States, according to their population. Federal population. 1830. Maine, of public lands. WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS. cidedly the most splendid car ever made in the Uni-week ending on Saturday last, viz.:-26 men, 26 women, 25 ted States,) the Robert Morris and the Philadelphia. ys, and 33 girls--01 whom 19 were of the age of 1 year and These are three of fourteen ordered to be built under, 15 between 1 and 2, 13 between 2 and 5, 4 between 5 and at the factory of the above Company."-[Baltimore 10, 5 between 10 and 20, 11 between 20 and 30, 18 between 30 and American.] 40, 9 between 40 and 58, 8 between 50 and 60, I between 60 and 70, 6 between 70 and 80, and 1 between 80 and 90.-DiseasesConsumption 38, convulsions 6, diarrhoea 1, dropsy 3, dropsy in [From the Saratoga Sentinel, April 24.1 the head 8. drowned 1, dysentery 1, fever 1, iever scarlet 3, RAIL-ROAD. It is somewhat remarkable, that on bowels 3, inflammation of the brain 2, inflammation of the chest fever, typhus 1, gout 1, hives or croup 3, inflammation of the Share in proceeds the entire line of the Saratoga and Schenectady 3, intemperance 3, marasmus 2. measles 6, peripneumony 6, Rail-road, a distance of a little more than 21 miles, pleurisy 2, quinsy 1. schirrhus of the liver 1, small pox 2, still orn 5, suicide 1. tabes mesenterica 1, unknown 3, whooping there is no part of the road having an inclination or cough 2. ABRAHAM D. STEPHENS. City Inspector. more than 16 feet to the mile. Consequently no stationary engine is required, and much of the ex-WILLIAMS' NEW-YORK ANNUAL REGISpense in the application of power necessary on other roads, will be saved. Indeed, as a whole, it wil be an unusually economical road, and we feel warrant. be published on the 10th April-THE NEW YORK ANNUAL ed in saying will give to the stockholders a dividend fully equal to that of any Rail-road in the Union.In proof of this it is only necessary to make the following comparison : $8,387 48 STATES. 399.437 New Hampshire, 269,326 Massachusetts, 610,408 Vermont, 280,657 Rhode Island, 97.194 Connecticut, 297,665 New York, 1,919.553 New Jersey, 319.912 Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, 1,345,072 TER FOR 1832. IN PRESS, by Jonathan Seymour, New-York, and will REGISTER FOR 1832, by Edwin Williams-Containing: Part 3. Civil & Judicial List, Attornies & Clergy of the State Part 4. National Register, U. S. Government, U. S. Bank, To be embellished with elegant Engravings of Public Bulld. ings-Price, One Dollar and Fifty Cents. Those who procure Six Subscribers, and will remit the money, shall be entitled to one copy gratis. Orders to be adoressed to EDWIN WILLIAMS, No. 6 Courtlandt street, New York. The Register will also be for sale by the following Booksellers: W. S. Parker, Troy. William Williams, Utica. Beniis & Ward, Canandaigua. James Bogert, Geneva. The Mohawk and Hudson road, which is univer. sally admitted to be the best located of any in the country for passengers, will cost, when finished, from six to seven hundred thousand dollars. On this amount the stockholders will probably receive but about 62 1-2 cents per passenger, and will be compelled to support a stationary engine at the respecLive terminations of the roads. The Saratoga and Schenectady road will cost not to exceed $250,000, and the stockholders will be enabled to receive from each passenger between Schenectady and Saratoga NEW JERSEY RAIL-ROAD AND TRANSPORTATION COм Springs, $1 25, and 87 1.2 cents per passenger bePANY.-The books for subscription to the stock of this tween Schenectady and Ballstown Spa, and this company, as will be seen by the advertisement, are without the expense of stationary power. Admitting to be opened at New Brunswick on Tuesday next; that one fourth the number of passengers pass on this at Elizabethtown on the following day, and at New- road (including the pleasure parties between the two ark on Thursday. We have read the Charter, which villages) that shall travel on the Mohawk and Hud. is a very liberal one. The Rail-road is to run from son, and we believe no one will doubt the correct. New Brunswick through Rahway and Woodbridge, ness of the position.-it will be perceived that the 6th May thereafter, at which time an additional quantity will be Elizabethtown and Newark, and to cross the Bergen stock of the Saratoga will be the most valuable; but prepared and offered for contract, as will be seen on referring to Ridge, South of the Turnp. ke, to the IIudson river. when there shall be added to this the almost entire an advertisement inserted in this paper. The capital is $750,000, with liberty to the compa diversion of the northern travel through the medium Dy to increase it to double the amount. The shares of the Fort Edward roud, which we have every reaare fifty dollars each, and ten per cent. is required as son to believe will be constructed, is it too much to the first instalment. By the act incorporating "the say that no Rail-road stock in the country can e Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Camden and qual it? Mack & Andrua, Ithica. R. W. Haskins, Buffalo. MARTIN SNYDER, Travelling Agent. A6 41 LEXINGTON & OHIO RAIL-ROAD. NOTICE -The lettings advertised to take place at Lonisville, Kentucky, on the 15th April next, is postponed until the E. 1. WINTER, President, above road will be prepared for contract, and sealed proposals for grading the same will be received at the company's offices in Amboy Rail-road and Transportation Companies," These remarks are made for the purpose correct. Lexington and Louisville, on the 20th, 25th and 26 h May next, it is made obligatory on them to construct a lateral ing many erroneous impressions which have been where attendance will be given on those days by one of the comRail-road from their own, commencing at some point put afloat to depress the stock in market, and among plans, profiles, maps, &c. to impar: all the information desired nany's engineers, who will be prepared with the necessary near the village of Spotswood, to suitable points in others, that the business of the road would be con-by those offering for contracts. the city of New Brunswick, thus forming a complete fined to a few weeks of summer travel. The result The road offered for contract passes through a country aboundchain of internal communication by Rail-roads, be. will prove otherwise. The patronage in summer, it surpassed in healthfulness by any country. The enterprize ng in every thing necessary for the support of hands, and not tween all the business towns between New York is true, will be the greatest; but an extensive and holds out to contractors every assurance of profitable employand Philadelphia. We understand that there will profitable business will continue on the road from ment, be much competition for the stock. The State has the opening of Lake Champlain and the Northern reserved the right of subscribing for one-fourth of canal until their close. the capital. [From the Frederick Herald.] THE RAIL-ROAD.-The transportations on the Railroad of dry goods, groceries, &c. from Baltimore, during the last week, have greatly exceeded those for the same period since the road has been opened. The business air which the leading of wagons gives MARRIAGES. M31 6t E. I. WINTER, President, Lexington & Ohio R. R Co., Lexington, Ky. TOWNSEND & DURFEE, Rope Manufactu rers, having machinery for making ropes to any required length (without splice), offer to supply full length Ropes for the inclined planes on Rail-roads at the shortest notice, and deliver them in the City of New-York, if requested. As to the quality MARRIED-On Saturday evening last, by the Rev. J. Har- of the Rope, the public are referred to J. B. Jervis, Eng. M. & ison, Mr. Oto Torp, to Miss Eliza Van Brant, both of this city. H. R. R. Co., Albany; or James Archibald, Engineer Hudson At Grace Church, on Monday morning, April 23d, by the Rev. & Delaware Canal & R. R. Co., Carbondale, Luzerne County daughter of E. White, Esq. of this city. Dr. Wainwright, Mr. Alfred Lee, of Norwich, (Conn.) to Julia, RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. Foreign Intelligence......298 JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, MAY 5, 1832. well as great inducements, present themselves. VOLUME I....NO. 19. It Locomotive engines are now in extensive use on Editorial Notices, &c......289 Home Affairs.-Congress..20 may also be safely assumed, we think, that much yet the Rail-ways in Scotland. We are informed by United States Bank....20 remains to be known concerning the best mode-re. gentlemen recently from Scotland that on MonkApportionment Bill, No Act incorporating the New ..290 York and Erie Railroad Company............. Facts and Suggestions relating to the New-York and Albany Railroad, and the Act of Incorporation.....291 NEW-YORK AMERICAN. Literary Notices......... .296 tice of Mr. McLane's Report, and bill respecting the Tariff. 302 Miscellany..... 30 Poetry, Marriages, Deaths.30. ference being had to materials, durability, expense, land and Kirkintilloch Rail-way, in the month and especiallyto climate-of constructing Rail-roads. of February last, the Engine No. 2 drew 43 wagHence the wisdom and propriety of allowing a reason-ons, containing 120 tons of coal, a load we beable time for the commencement of both these roads lieve quite unprecedented in the annals of loco304-which time will, it cannot be doubted, be employ.motion. Each of these wagons weighed one The AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD-JOURNAL is pub ed by those concerned in acquiring exact knowledge ton, and the engine and feeder 10 tous, making an ished at 35 Wall-street, New-York, at $3 a year, in advance of the regions through which the routes are to pass amount of 173 tons by a 16 horse power engine. -and all the latest information and experience, as This engine was made in Glasgow under the directo making and using Rail-roads. tion of Mr. Dodds, engineer, for the above Rail-way, This city cannot be insensible to the advantages on the old principle, i. e. with vertical cylinders, of such communications, nor backward, when their having the motion communicated by rods connected The acts of incorporation of the NEW YORK AND reasonable practicability is established, in affording to the outside of the wheels. The engines now in ERIE RAIL ROAD, and of the NEW YORK AND ALBA-the means to make them. AMERICAN RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL. NEW-YORK, MAY 5, 1932. NY RAIL-ROAD, will bo found in this number of the We have been requested to state that there will be Journal. These are both great enterprizes, and a meeting of the corporators of the NEW YORK AND require large capitals. That nained for the Erie ERIE RAIL-ROAD COMPANY, at the room of the New use on the Liverpool and Manchester Rail-way, have generally horizontal cylinders communicating directly with the axle by means of cranks. This enables the Engineer to give the Engine a much more com sidered so profitable, at least for heavy loads, from road is ten millions, to be divided into shares of York Chamber of Commerce, in the Merchants Pact and neat appearance, but is not otherwise conone hundred dollars each. This enterprize must Exchange, on Monday next at 5 o'clock, P. M. for be commenced within four years; within ten the purpose of consulting upon the necessary mea. years one fourth part of the Rail-way must be sures to promote the interest of that important in operation; within fifteen years one half of it work. We hope, and believe, there will be a full must be finished and in use; and within twenty, meeting, that the first moverment in this noble en. the whole must be completed. The penalty for fail- terprize may show that its friends are deterniined to of the Legislature, twenty-four charters for Railure in either case, is the forfeiture of the charter. carry it through. The route of the road is no otherwise defined than RAIL-ROAD INCORPORATIONS.-At the late session are to pass. New York and Erie Rail-road (from the city of New York to Lake Erie,) road companies were granted, with an aggregate cathat it is to "cominence at the city of New York, or The following extract from a memorial to the pital of $24,775,000. We shall take another opporat such point in its vicinity as shall be most eligible Legislature suggests an idea entirely new to us. It tunity to refer to these roads, and endeavor to give and convenient therefor, and continue through the is undoubtedly worthy of consideration. We have some account of the country through which they Southern tier of counties, by way of Owego in Tio. been informed that the foundation of most of the anga county to the shore of Lake Erie, at some eligible cient buildings erected by the Hollanders at Albany, point between the Cattaraugus creek and the Penn. were constructed upon this plan, and to it is attri. sylvania line." The company is restrained from buted their permanence over modern built houses:making any cross road to connect with Rail-roads in the sleepers or posts sustaining the rails, they are valleys of the Susquehannah and Unadilla, to the Notwithstanding the depth at which may be placed Pennsylvania or New Jersey, without the special frequently liable to serious injury and disturbance by permission of the Legislature. the earth, when frozen, strongly adhering to, and The capital of the New York and Albany Rail-road then raising them, in its passage from a frozen to its is three millions, and the undertaking must be com. natural state; the forming of these into the shape of menced in three and completed in ten years, under shape of the letter A) will, it is believed, afford a a circular, or four sided upright Cone (similar to the penalty of forfeiture. The route of the road is de. complete remedy; since the earth, in the act of ri-chusetts line,) signated as commencing on "the Haerlem river, op.sing, will recode, and disengage itself from sleepers posite where the 4th Avenue terminates, and running or posts of the above description. through the counties of Westchester, Putnam, Dutch. THE HAERLEM RAIL ROAD.-Last evening a special Utica and Susquehannah, (from Utica along the line,) $10,000,000 N. York and Albany, (east side of the Hudson) 3,000,000 Lake Champlain and Ogdensburgh,. 3,000,000 Watertown and Rome, 1,000,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 650,000 Dutchess Rail-road, (from Poughkeepsie to Ct. Tonawanda Rail-road, (from Rochester to Attics,) Warren county, (from Gien's Falls to Caldwell,) ville,) Albion and Tonawanda, Auburn and Erie Canal Rail-road, Elmira and Williamsport, Mayville and Portland, |