distinguished by her with boundless confidence and| affection, and in the beginning of her reign had been loaded with benefits, and promoted to offices of the highest trust and power. Joanna had taken Charles of Durazzo under her protection when an orphan, had adopted and cherished him as a son, and married him to her heiress. Murray plotted with Elizabeth to dethrone his sister and sovereign, and built his power on her ruin; Durazzo, with treachery and ingratitude yet more flagitious and detestable, joined with Louis of Hungary, and first dethroned, then murdered his benefactress. Within a short time afterwards, Durazzo was himself murdered by a wo man; and Muraay, within a few years after his ac cession to power, perished, if not by the hand or act of a woman, yet the wrongs of a woman inspired and armed his assassin. Both Mary and Joanna owed their chief troubles and final ruin to a religi ous schism; they both refused in their latter years to purchase freedom and life by relinquishing their regal dignity; both died in prison, and by violence. The imprisonment of Mary was long aud cruel, and a sore trial of her fortitude. On the other hand,

the captivity of Joanna was short, but her death horrible to the imagination,-mysterious, fright. ful, unseen, unpitied, and executed by vile handsShe perished as a victim; Mary, like a martyr: by vile hands indeed, and by vilar practice; but with friendly hearts naar her, and all Europe looking on to admire, to applaud, and to bewail her.

BILLET DOUX,

[Purloined for the use of the New-York American, from the
Portfeuille verte of Miss Isabelle Spenser.]

Dear Isabelle ! sweet Isabelle!
Mine own--and only-Isabelle!
'Twere waste of paper for me to tell
How truly I love thee, Isabelle!
Sweet Isabelle!
'Twere waste of paper for me to tell-
What's writ in my eyes, though their pupils can't spell
I love your person, admire your mien,
And dote on your foot-when the shoe's not green;
But chief of my darlings, the one I prize,
Is a little black Cupid that sleeps in your eyes-
In those sweet eyes-

My chiefest delight, the one I prize,

Is to see the rogue wake when their curtains rise.
You dote on somebody-I know who!
And he dotes on somebody-but not you!
You'd better take me, for my skin's like snow,
And he-you must own it's as black as a crow.-
O fie! a crow!

You'd better take me. for my skin's like snow,
And a white dove should never build nests with a crow.
I'll love you for ever-that is, till I die,-

I am no Jeremy Levis—I;

With one love contented, I never would stray,-
I'm true as the needle-don't mind what folk say-
O don't, I pray!
With one love contented, I never will stray-
Till my Agata's dead-though then I may.
Then prithee let's wed! once link'd together,
We'll live like-turtles in frosty weather.
We'll wear to the last, when we can't wear thinner,
Death shall truss both at once, the bald old sinner!
The old bald sinner
Must pinion us both, when we can't wear thinner,
Like a pair of old fowls serv'd up at dinner.

Good night, good night, dear Isabelle Spenser!
I would write you much more-but for this influenza-
Oh! speaking of colds,-coals have risen, tell Anna-
12, 50 they ask for that stuff, Lackawanna!

15

NEW-YORK AMERICAN, TRI-WEEKLY. The NEW-YORK AMERICAN will be published THREE TIMES A-WEEK, after the first of January, ensuing, in addi tion to the Daily and Semi-weekly, as now issued. This arrangement is made to accommodate a large class of businessmer in the country, who are desirous of seeing the advertisesubscription and postage of a daily paper. By this arrangements of the day, yet are unwilling to encounter the expense of ment, it will easily be perceived, their wishes may be grati fied, at one half the expense of a daily paper, as most of th advertisements, both of the Daily and Semi-weekly papers, will appear in the Tri-Weekly American; and the reading matter as published in the Daily paper. It will be issued on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at FIVE dollars per annum in advance,--to subscribers out of the city of NewYork, and forwarded, according to their order, and for any length of time.

All letters relating to the TRI-WEEKLY AMERICAN may be addressed to the Publisher and part Proprietor.

D. K. MINOR, No. 35 Wall-st. N.Y. The New-York American is published DAILY at $10 per annum, and SEMI-WEEKLY, at $4 per annum, in ad vance, as heretofore, at No. 35 Wall street, New-York.

DIED

This (Saturday) morning, Mr. Benjamin S. Judah, aged 72 years, an old and respectable citizen and merchant of this city. Last (Friday) evening, after a few hours illness of scarlet fever, John Smyth Rogers, eldest son of Dr. J. S. Rogers, aged 7 years.

On Thursday morning, Sarah Louisa Le Roy, wife of E. A. Le Roy, Esq. of Avon, Livingston county, in the 23d year of her age.

On Thursday morning, John Popham Bleecker, son of Leonard A. Bleecker, aged 5 years.

Stuff, Lackawanna!
Coals have risen; no winter in town, now, for Anna!
She'd better take Ned, and be off to Savannah.
But here I must stop-though I've scarcely got through-
For my fingers are tired-and so must be you.
I'll read this once over, then sign, Isabelle,
With the name of your pet-love, and bid you farewell-her
O sweet, Farewell!

I'll read this once over, then sign, Isabelle,
With the name of your poodle-and that's
Friday, Dec. 16, 1931.

FIDELLE.

The following jeu d'esprit on the Reform Bill, is

THE BILL'S EPITAPH.

Here lies poor Bill-his sand has run
He died of forty stripes and one-
Though young, he was in wisdom Grey;
'Twas the "Lords' will," the Bishops say;
But I suspect they slew the lad,
Just as hard commons kill'd his dad;
"Tis true the Coroner sat, and ser.t
This verdict. "Died of Non-Content."

But clear your crystals, boys, and dry
The radical moisture in your eye;
We have a Bill whose power can save
Your dear dead darling from the grave,
And he, despite each Tory worm,
His scattered ashes will reform-
The will of Bill is law d'ye see.
The Bill of Will the law shall be ;
So here's Will's Bill, and here's Bill's will-
Bill-Will- and nothing but the Bill.
[Diamond Magazine.]

Physician

age, Ellen Matilda Jackson, daughter of Alexander C. On Thursday afternoon, of scarlet fever, in the 7th year of Jackson, Esq. This (Saturday) morning, after a few days illness, in the 51st year of his age, Alex. C. Jackson, Esq.

This (Saturday) morning, after a short and severe illness, Edward Lyde.

At Macao, (China,) on the morning of the 5th June, the Rev. M. L'Amiot, Missionary, formerly of Peking, the last survivor of the French missionary establishment at that capital, where he had resided 27 years. He was expelled in 1820, on the occasion of a religious persecution, in which another French mis. sionary, his friend, suffered martyrdom by order of the Empe. ror. Since then, he remained in Macao, engaged in fruitless endeavors to gain permission to return, or, failing this, to procure compensation for the valuable property of the mission, which was under his charge. During his residence in Macao he always wore the Chinese garb, and he was generally esteemed as an agreeable member of society.

On the evening of the 24th, Thomas Burling, an old and respectable inhabitant of this city, in the 86th vear of his age.

On the 8th Inst. in Ulster county, New-York, at the residence of her son-in-law, Henry Barclay, Lady Mary, in the 84th year of her age, relict of Robert Watts, Esq. and daughter of the late Earl of Stirling; one of the oldest and most respectable mem. bers of Trinity Church, in the city of New-York; and on Sunday, 11th inst. her remains were interred in Trinity Church, of this place, (Ulster,) of which she was the devoted friend and liberal pa roness.

On Saturday evening, after a lingering illness, John C. Tar-
et, Esq. Counsellor at Law, in the 30th year of his age.
On the 17th inst. at Charleston, S. C. after a long and painful

and Patient widely different; or a Bon illness, Elizabeth, wife of Isidore Guillet. of this city.
Mot, by the late Dr. Radcliff.

In Boston, on the 22d inst., Mrs. Catherine, relict of the Hon.
John Codman, of that city.

A Ball at Guayana.-" After considerable exertion on the part of our host, room was obtained for the dancers, who performed several national fandangos, quite new to us, and apparently peculiar to the country; such as the Bambùco, Zajudina, and Marri-marri, At length, when they began to tire of these, a young Criollo rose and demanded room. After dancing round the room by himself for a minute or two, he figured up to a lady, to whom he made a bow and retired. She immediately rose, performed the same evolutions, and stopped opposite to one of our party,courtseying by way of calling on him to exhibit in turn. This caused a universal burst of delight among the spectators; and our companion, after in vain protesting that he knew nothing of the quite amusing : dance, was fairly pushed into the centre of the floor by the laughing brunettes. He was of course ob. liged to acquit himself as well as he could, amidst shouts of applause, and Vivan los Inglezes !We were all of us called upon in turn to shew our paces, with which we complied, to their great amusement; and were warmly couplimented on our readiness to join in their dances, contrary to the fastidious custom of the Spanish officers. The music-if it merits the name-consisted of several vikuèlas, (a small kind of guitars,) and harps, in time to which half a dozen professed singers screamed some unintelligible couplets at the top of their voices. These minstrels and troubadours were accompanied by rattles, made of hollow calabashes, containing some grains of maiz, with short handles, by which they were shaken ; also by several women who, seated round a table, vied with other in tamborendo, or beating time with their open hands. We were glad to escape from this scene of confusion; the dance and mirth becoming more fast and furious,' as the aquardiente, a spirit distilled in the country, was handed round liberally, and began to take effect.Besides we were as yet unused to breathe the atmosphere of tobacco smoke that invariably fills these ball rooms; every individual having, on these acca. sions, either a cigar or churumbéla in his or her mouth, which they do not think of laying aside even while dancing. It is indeed considered a compliment, to be presented by a lady with a cigar that she has half smoked; and it would be an unpardonable affront to refuse it. Supper was at last announcod. It consisted chiefly of roast beef, cut into long narrow slices, and plantains: with cheese and honey, which is a very favourite dish in S. America. None of the guests sat down to table, nor were knives produced; as every thing that requires to be cut up is carved in the kitchen. We also found it was not customary for any individual to help himself, but each lady presented a morsel on a fork to a gentleman, who, in return, handed her something delicate, that happened to be placed near him on the table. We were warned to beware of refusing anything offered us; and, in compliance with the fashion of the place. Digut, of New York; Messrs. Geo. B Symes, Donald Frazer, were last week, the 24 per cents leaving off at 434 to 44. We persevered most politely, in spite of fatigue, heat, cs Rodier, James Bruce, and a total disinclination to a hot meat supper in of Montreal and Quebec. Montgomery and Meddon, all had a quotation to-day of Prussian bonds of 1818, which are this climate. At last, one of our party, who had been particularly annoyed by the mischievous at all of New York; Miss HA Johnston, of New Orleans; Messrs. In the ship Sheffield, from Liverpool-Mrs Black, Miss MA Stock are well maintained, and Spanish bonds are rather. now rarely offered in this market, at 993. Russian and Danish Watt, Mr R Dyson, 3 children and servant. Mr Geo Chance, higher. In the others there is nothing to notice. tentions of the Guayanezas, presented one of the E B Pitcher, of Pawtucket, RI; W Binns and HW Herbert, of LIVERPOOL, Nov. 9.-The Cotton market is dull. Flour most active of his tormentors with a pod of red Eng.; H Watjen, of Bremen; HH Gutschow, of Tampico; C Fes- is in full demand. Phil. free 349. for sweet, bonded 23s. 6d. [From the Journal of Commerce.] pepper. As she, of course, declined eating it, we ser of Havana, and 43 in the steerage. seon obtained a truce, on threatening that we would In schr Sinbad, from Tampico-Mrs Edwards and Mr Curly. some partially sour sold at 22s. 6d, sour 218. to 22s. all follow his example."—[Travels in Venezuela.] In the ship Algonquin, from Liverpool ;—Mrs Paget & child; ing, and the same may be said of the reported cases of Cholera The uneasiness in regard to the late riot at Bristol is subsidand Rev. Mr. Broadfoot. at Sunderland.

Luscus, afflicted in his eyes,
To Radcliff for advice applies;
Radcliff himself of sight unsound,
But fond to see the glass go round,
With much of gravity replies-
Quit wine Sir, if you love your eyes.
Quit wine! quoth Luscus-sure you jest!
For you. whose eyes are not the best,
E'er gaily push the bottle round,
As if no danger thence were found.
No case in point, Sir-Radcliff cries-
Wine I love better than my eyes.

WINTER-By Bernard Barton.
Thou hast thy beauties,-stormier ones, I own,-
Than those of thy precursors; yet to thee
Belong the charms of solemn majesty
And naked grandeur. Awful is the tone

Of thy tempestuous nights, when clouds are blown,
By hurrying winds across the troubled sky,-
Pensive, when softer breezes faintly sigh.
Through leafless boughs, with ivy overgrown,
Thou hast thy decorations too, although
Thou art austere; thy studded mantle, gay
With icy brilliants, which as proudly glow
As erst Golconda's; and thy pure array
Of regal ermine, when the drifted snow
Envelopes nature, till her features seem
Like pale but lovely ones-seen when we dream.

PASSENGERS:

In the ship Sylvanus Jenkins, for Liverpool-Miss Charlotte

WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS.

The City Inspector reports the death of 203 persons during the week ending on Saturday last, viz: 53 men, 51 women, 52 boys, and 47 girls-of whom 60 were of and under the age of 1 year, 14 between 1 and 2, 19 between 2 and 5, 6 between 5 and 10, 7 between 10 and 20, 26 between 20 and 30, 17 between 30 and 40, 19 between 40 and 50, 13 between 50 and 60, 13 between 60 and 70, 5 between 70 and SO. 3 between 80 and 90, and 1 between 90 and 100. Diseases-Apoplexy,5. burned or scalded 1, childbed 2, consumption 38, convulsions 8, diarrhea 1, dropsy 1, dropsy in the chest 1, dropsy in the head 8. dysentery 1, erysipelas 1, tever, fever romittent 1, fever scarlet 10, fever typhus 2, flux infantile 1, frozen 1, hæmoptysis 1, hives or croup 3, inflammation of the bowels 4. inflammation of the brain 1, inflammation of the chest 4, influenza S, intemperance 8, locked jaw 1, marasmus 5, measles 10, mortification 1, old age 7, palsy 1, peripneu. mony 9, pleurisy 1, pneumonia typhodes 4, rupture 1, scirrhus of the liver 1, scrofula or king's evil 1, small pox 16, sore throat 3, sprue 1, still-born 16, teething 3, vomiting blood 1, unknown , whooping cough 5. ABRAHAM D. STEPHENS, City Inspector.

LONDON, Nov. 7-The funds, on the whole, are higher than on Saturday but the advance is quite an immaterial one. It is ascribed to a few limited purchases made on the further rise in the French funds, which Saturday's letters have communicated. Business altogether was on a very contracted scale at the Stock Exchange. Consols in the course of the morning, were at 82, but left off at 82 to for the account. A rate of interest for money could hardly be quoted in a market where so premium. The Dutch funds are as high, or nearly, as they few transactions occurred. Exchequer bills closed at 7s. to 83.

25c per ga WOOL

VOL. I. 1

NEW-YORK, JANUARY 7, 1832.

NO. 2.

The following description refers to the cut at the chain G, working into toothed wheels on the axles. down, and prevent them separating from each other. head of this Journal, which, although not one of the The water for supplying the boiler, and the coals at Fig 3 is a representation of this form of rail; late improved by Engines, gives a very correct idea b for the fire, are carried by a small carriage, called a a, are the rails fastened down upon the cross sleepthe tender; I is the water barrel, and a is a hose pipe ers, b b, b b, similar to those of the "single-way;" of a Locomotive Engine with its train attached, which conveys the water to the force pomp H, which a' a' the rails laid upon the other, and firmly seThis is a sketch of the steam carriage employed is worked by the engine; W W are coal wagons, cured to them by wooden pins, in the same manner on the Hetton Rail-way. A is the boiler, and B B each of which carries 53 cwt. of coals. From 13 to as the other rails are fastened to the sleepers. In the steam cylinders; the fire-place is within the boil- 17 of these wagons are drawn in a train by one the single-way, the joinings of the rails are neceser, and F is the entrance to it; C is the chimney; steam carriage; they are connected by the short sarily upon a sleeper, as shown at c'e'; but in the DD the floating pistons which support the carriage chains c c. The connecting rods which communi- double-way it is not so, for being fastened down on the axles, and answer as springs in making it cate the power from the pistons to the wheels of the upon the surface of the under rail, which in every press equally on the rails. As the moving force is steam carriage are attached to the wheels, so that one part presents a proper bearing, they can be secured not equal at the same time on the wheels of both ax. piston is at half the length of its stroke, when the anywhere upon it; c'c' shows the joinings of the les, it is necessary to connect the axles by a pitch other is at the commencement of its stroke.

graph, under the head of " History and Progress of
Rail-roads" but they were not prepared in time.-
They will serve to give an idea of the first attempts
at, and partial success of, Rail-roads.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

upper rail, which is midway between the sleepers, but which can be varied at pleasure. This prevents the under rail from being destroyed by the frequent perforation of the pin-holes in receiving the upper or wearing rail, and saves the waste of timber thus occasioned by the use of the single-way.

The diminution of friction, by the plates of malleable iron, upon the wooden rails, is very likely to have suggested the propriety of using that material entirely; but I cannot find that wrought-iron was any where used alone until within a very recent period.

The next improvement, in the order of time, and also of importance, appears to have been the using of cast-iron, as a substitute for the wooden rails; and, like the introduction of Rail ways, though comparatively of a very modern date, the precise period of their adoption is involved in mystery.

A late anonymous writer says, without advancing his authority," that, in 1738, cast-iron rails were first substituted for wooden ones; but owing to the old wagons continuing to be employed, which were of too much weight for the cast-iron, they did not completely succeed in the first attempt. However, about 1768, a simple contrivance was attempted, which was to make a number of smaller wagons, and link them together, and thus by diffusing the weight of one large wagon into many, the principal cause of the failure in the first attempt was removed, because the iron was more divided upon the iron." (Trans. Highland Society, vol. VI. p. 7.). It is somewhat singular, when the failure of the attempt to introduce cast iron arose from the want of strength in the rails, that it should require thirty years to discover that, with a lighter load, they could be made to answer.

Mr. R. Stephenson, whose inquiries into Rail-Road conveyance have been pretty extensive, states, "I some years since visited the great iron works of Colebrook-dale, in Shropshire, where cast iron was 6 indisputably first applied in the construction of bridges, and, according to the information which I have been able to obtain, it was here also that Rail

Fig. 1 & 2 represent a plan and elevation of this being bored through the rail and sleepers, and the ways of that material were first constructed. It kind of Rail-road, which was called the "single- pins driven through the rail and about half way appears from the books of this extensive and longway" aa, aa, are the rails laid parallel to each through the sleeper. The rails six feet long, and established company, that between five and six tons ether, upon the sleepers or transverse bearings, b b the sleepers about two feet apart. The ends of the of rails were cast on the 13th of November, 1767, as bb; the mode of fastening them together was by rails meet upon the sleeper, as at c' c'; two pins an experiment, on the suggestion of Mr. Reynolds, means of pins or pegs of wood, shown at cc; holes being driven into the same sleeper fasten them one of the partners."-[To be continued-]

BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD. It would natu. great benefits which would be derived from a parti is confidently believed that no similar undertaking rally be anticipated that among the earliest notices in cipation in the commerce of the valleys of the Ohio has been advanced with greater despatch, either an American Rail road Journal, would be one of that forced to seek an outlet through several difficult and and Upper Mississippi, which commerce has been here or abroad. Now that the company have accomplished the Rail-road, which already, in the fourth year of its circuitous channels, were desirous of securing a most difficult part of their undertaking, and acquir. progress, and in spite of great difficulties and greater more direct and easy means of communication ed, by experience, much valuable information and doubts at its outset, presents the longest continuous with those fertile regions. It was therefore with in- many facilities, which, from the novelty of the subline of Rail-road in the world. We had accordingly official report of the United States Engineers upon experiments, all doubts have been removed, and they tense anxiety they awaited the promulgation of the ject, could only be gained from a course of practical collected some materials for preparing such a notice the subject of the proposed canal between the river are encouraged, by the most cheering confidence, in when a communication from the President of the Ohio and the waters of the Chesapeake bay. The the entire success of their enterprise; at the same Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road Company, to the Go. facts however disclosed in that report only served to time, judging from the results ascertained since the vernor of Maryland, accompanying the Fifth Annu- dissipate whatever favorable anticipations had been valley of the Patapsco has been gained, they enter. cherished in regard to a canal communication with tain no doubt but that the graduation, masonry, and al Report of the Company, met our eye; and it re-the west. They saw with dismay, that a canal en construction with a double set of tracks may be acsumes so clearly and concisely the motives which cumbered with 600 locks, a considerable portion of complished between the present termination of the led to the magnificent undertaking of connecting the which would be elevated from 1200 to more than road and the Ohio river at or nearly within the ori 2000 feet above the tide, and which would be sealed ginal estimated cost of $20,000 per mile, and that waters of the Ohio with those of the Chesapeake up with frost three or four months in the year, with in the event of the requisite funds being placed at bay, and relates so satisfactorily the progress alrea-only a limited and precarious supply of water in sum the disposal of this company, the whole work might dy made in the work, that we have concluded to in-ner, nust be wholly inadequate to the demands of be completed and put into operation in five years. sert it, both as more authentic and more striking the immense trade it was destined to accomninodate. From the extremely unfavorable surface over than any thing we could say. Abandoning, therefore, all reliance upon such an which the road was necessarily to pass for the first insufficient means of communication, a number of eight miles in order to reach the valley of the PaIt would seem, from experiments already made on the citizens of Baltimore held a meeting on the 12th tapsco, it was early perceived that the expenses this road, that there is no reason to doubt that the day of February, 1827, for the purpose of devising across that district would be very heavy, but it had travel on it may be safely carried on at the rate of from the most effectual means of improving the inter been ascertained that in adopting this route, a line 12 to 15 miles an hour, by the aid of steam power, which occasion various documents and statements embarkments and deep cuttings near to the city of course between that city and the Western States, on of road would be secured, which, by some extensive and that passengers may be conveyed from Baltimore were submitted, illustrating the efficiency of Rail- Baltimore, could be located with but a single summit to the Ohio river within from 24 to 30 hours, at all roads for the conveyance of articles of heavy car- for a distance of 180 miles, and with only two sum. seasons of the year—a distance little short we be- riage at a small expense, which being examined, and its requiring stationary power along the entire the superior advanttges of this mode of transporta line to the Ohio river, a result which, it is believed, tion over turnpike roads and canals being satisfacto. has not been attained on any line of Rail-road proIt is a remarkable circumstance, and, for the final rily shown, the documents were referred to a com- jected for the same extent in any other country.success of this noble work, one of most encourag-mittee, who subsequently reported a mass of facts, The approach to the first of these summits is by an ing augury that on the whole line only two summits derived principally from English authorities, of a acclivity so gradual as not to exceed an average of occur, where the employment of stationary engines highly interesting character, observing in conclu. about 18 feet to the mile, and as the amount of tonsion, "that the stock of information now in posses. nage passing westward will not be as great, as that will be necessary. On the rest of it, locomotive ension of this committee is admitted not to be very ex. passing eastward, this line will consequently be more gines will be able to travel efficiently. tensive, but they have gleaned from several commu- advantageous than if it were a perfect level. We cannot conclude these observations more ap-nications and reports which they have examined The inclined planes over the first summit, at Par propriately than with the remarks made by Governor upon this interesting subject, enough to leave no Spring ridge, will be passed by an additional local doubt upon their minds that these roads are far bet-power, and from the western side of that ridge to lloward of Maryland, in his speech to the Legisla-ter adapted to our situation and circumstances than the coal mines near Cumberland, the route is so fa. a canal across the mountains; they therefore recom-vorable as to adopted along the whole distance to

lieve of 350 miles !!

ture:

I herewith transmit a communication of the Pre. mend that measures be taken to construct a double locomotive steam engines taking therefore, the sident and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Rail-road between the city of Baltimore and some entire line together, it will be decidedly superior to road Company, together with their fifth annual re-suitable point on the Ohio river; by the most eligi. a level road, since like that on the eastern side of the port, exhibiting the progress of that work. It is with ble and direct route, and that a charter to incorpo. Par Ridge the acclivity for a very great portion of much satisfaction that I am enabled to felicitate you rate a company to execute this work be obtained as the distance is in the direction of the lesser tonnage pon the rapid advancement of this magnificent en early as possible." which will pass upon the road. trprize, which is so eminently calculated to develop The facts developed on this occasion were deemed From the eastern base of the Alleghany mountain the resources of our State, and by its continued ex-so weighty and conclusive, that it was unanimouly a series of inclined planes will be required to over. ension attract to our commercial metropolis the resolved to apply to the legislatures of the several come a summit of about 1200 feet; from thence it ast and rapidly increasing commerce of the West-states through which the contemplated Railroad has been ascertained that the road may be eonduct. ern country. Its value to our citizens, both present night pass for acts of incorporation, authorizing the ed to the Ohio river upon a line so nearly level as to and prospective, has been so frequently and tho. con any to construct such a road. The legislatures e traversed without difficulty by locomotive steam roughly demonstrated, that it would now be difficult of Maryland and Virginia, then in session, with a power.

to add any thing to the force of the arguments promptness which entitles them to the public grati- Although at the time of the commencement of this before the public; but having seen the operations tude, concurred in an act, incorporating a company great national work, the individuals who embarked upon it, to its entire present extent, I may add, that as desired, and investing it with ample powers.-in the undertaking, had arrived at the conclusion the aspirations of its most sa.guine friends, may be Thie act was subsequently acceded to by the legisla- that the system was capable of affording greater faconsidered as fully gratified. At no distant day Ma-ture of Pennsylvania in the same liberal spirit. cilities for the transportation of both merchandize ryland will be highly distinguished for advancement in internal improvement.

BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD

OFFICE OF THE BALTIMORE AND HIO RAILROAD COMPANY, 20th Dec. 1831. S To his Excellency the Governor,

The state of Maryland having provided, as a con- and passengers than could be attained, either by the dition of its subscription to the stock of the compa- best constructed turnpike roads or canals, yet the ny, that the road should be so located " that it shall anticipations then formed of its capabilities have go to or strike the Potomac river at some point be- been vastly more than realized; the many impor. tween the mouth of the Monocacy river and the tant improvements introduced within the last few town of Cumberland, in Alleghany county, and that years, both in the construction of Rail-roads and in it shall go into Frederick, Washington and Allegha. the application of machinery upon them, having perand the Hon. Executive Council of Maryland : ny counties;" the road was located accordingly, haps doubled their effective power. It is honorable Since the last report of the President and Direc-subsequent examinations having demonstrated, that to our country that the system is indebted for several tors of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road Company the Potomac presented the only feasible route along of these improvements to the genius and science of to the Executive of the State, the operations of this which it could be carried in this direction, consist- American citizens. Company have been continued with unremitted acti-ently with correct scientific principles.

The ordinary speed now attained upon the Liver. vity, and the Railroad has been opened for travel The commissioners appointed, having opened sub-pool and Manchester Rail-road, which work has not as far as to Frederick, a distance of 61 miles from scriptions for the stock, the amount required by the been so well executed as that part of our road laid on the depot of the Company at the head of the basin in charter was immediately filled: whereupon, a board stone rails, is frem 15 to 30 miles an hour, accord. the city of Baltimore; a single line of tracks has o directors was elected, and the company being duly ing to the horizontal position and structure of the also been so nearly completed to the "Point of organized, proceeded without delay to cause the ne- road; and it is even asserted, that the whole distance Rocks," on the Potomac river, as to afford a full as-cessary examinations and surveys to be made for the of 32 miles, between these places, has been ran in 33 surance that the communication between the tide location of the road. minutes, or at the rate of 58 miles per hour. waters of the Chesapeake bay and that river, will On the 4th of July, 1828, the ceremony of laying From the experiments made upon the Baltimore very soon be opened through this channel. the first stone was performed; but it was not until and Ohio Rail-road, there is no reason to doubt but

The President and Directors believe it due to the the antumn of that year that active operations. to- that the travelling on it may at least be safely car. interests of the great work over which they preside, wards the construction of the work were commenc- ried at the rate of from 12 to 15 miles an hour, by the as well as to the legislature of the state, that they ed; since that period its prosecution has been pur. aid of steam power, and that passengers may be should, on this occasion, refer to some of the circum sued with energy and zeal. conveyed from Baltimore to the Ohio river within stances which led to the formation of this company. Owing to the peculiarly unfavorable topography from 24 to 30 hours, at all seasons of the year. The establishment of an efficient, speedy and eco of the country, on the first division of the road, the The successful accomplishment of this work, so nomical means of intercommunication between the difficulties there have been very great, and have ne- far as it has been extended, and within so short a different sections of our country, had been for a long cessarily involved a considerable delay and expense. time, under the numerous and complicated difficul time deemed of such importance, as to involve, not Taking into view, however, the extent of the exca- ties which opposed its progress, cannot but yield a only the well being, but perhaps the very existence vations, embarkments, viaduets, bridges, and cul- high gratification to the people of Maryland, and of our social compact. The citizens of Baltimore, verts, all of which have been accomplished in a man. affords a satisfactory guarantee that the resources deeply sensible of this truth, and appreciating the ner not surpassed in this or any other country, it of the state, added to the aid which may be relied on

from other quarters are fully adequate to the early Gap is ascertained to be three hundred feet lowered to pass the Hackensack River at the present New and triumphant completion of the magnificent un- than Rix's Gap, the pass over which the Railway Barbadoes Toll Bridge. Upon making the surveys dertaking in which we have embarked. of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company is this route appeared inexpedient; and therefore as to Maryland has the honor of being the first state in carried. I do not think that I hazard anything in this part of the road nothing was done until the late the Union to incorporate a company for the con-affirming that by means of this work a load of coal meeting of the legislature, when the company obstruction of a Rail-road. She was the first state to may be taken from the mines and landed in the city tained an amendment to their charter, authorizing embark the public resources in support of this sys. of New-York in the course of 24 hours, the speed them to locate their road from the east side of Bertem, and she may now boast of having within her required not exceeding 7 1-3 miles per hour. Part ry's Hill to the Hudson River in such position as limits the longest continuous Rail-way in the world. of the capital of the Hudson and Delaware Rail-road, might be thought advisable; and under this suppleIt is only necessary that she should continue her has has been already subscribed, and as soon as the ment they have located their road in a more direct patronage to this great enterprize and she will cer- Engineer's Report is published, books will be open-line, so that the whole distance, from Paterson to tainly secure to herself the full developement of all od in the city of New-York, for the subscription of the Hudson River, is less than fifteen miles, and the advantages which her geographical position the balance not taken up. The following is the letter they are now actively engaged in making the road gives her in relation to the vast and rapidly increas- alluded to:

ing commerce of the wost. She is happily so situa

FORT-ANN, Dec. 26, 1831.

over the meadows; and it is expected that the whole route will be finished by next fall, if they pass the ted as to afford the shortest and by far the most con. John W. Knevels, Esq. Bergen Hill by inclined planes. Different plans have venient route of communication between the naviga Dear Sir:-Yours of the 19th inst. was duly re. been proposed for passing this hill; and it has been ble waters of the west and of the ocean, and indeed ceived. In reply to your inquiries in anticipation of supposed by some that it would be advisable to form between the Atlantic and those great inland seasy report on the survey for a Rail-read from New. a tunnel for that purpose, and that the travelling which border upon our northern frontier, and which burgh to the Delaware River, at Carpenter's Point, would warrant the expense. With this view the comat no distant day, are destined to become the theatre thence to the valley of the Lackawana, I have the pany are now examining the formation of that hill, of an immense commerce; and although limited in pleasure of being able to state, that from Newburgh for the purpose of ascertaining the probable expense her territory to a much smaller extent than some of to the Delaware, the longest and most level route of forming such a tannel, and thereby enabling them her sister states, by securing to herself the channel is fifty-one iniles; thence to the Lackawana is sixty- to judge correctly as to the propriety of undertaking through which the interchange of commodities be- tive, making a total distance of 116 miles. A report the task. But as the cost of this work must necestween the eastern and western states will mainly pass, in detail will exhibit the entire practicability of the sarily be large and uncertain, it is presumed that it and which her position gives her an opportunity of proposed work, at a sum probably not exceeding will not be undertaken without the greatest caution. effecting, she will soon find herself, in point of com- $10,000 per mile. The utility of the project can This road is graded for two tracks, but the commercial activity and capital, second to no state in not be doubted, whether it is considered in connex-pany have thought it advisable to lay but one at prethe Union. on with a line extending west from the valley of seat, leaving the other to be formed upon such im

It is certain, that whatever advantages may be an- the Lackawana to unite with the Ithiea and Owego proved plan as the ingenuity of our people may deticipated from the Rail-road system in Europe, they Rail-road or not. This however is proposed to be vise, and with the facility of the single track in transwill be of minor importance when compared with done, and the continuation may justly be consider-porting the materials for its formation. the benefits we are destined to derive from the intro-ed a part of the line under consideration; thus uni- It is confidently expected that the road will be fiduction of this system into our country. By the ting the immense and increasing trade of the south nished, and the necessary cars and engines placed easy, convenient, and rapid intercourse which these western counties in the state of New-York, (which upon it, for the original capital of $250,000. roads afford, they are capable of placing, almost in has now no better comucication with the market juxtaposition the most remote sections of our widely than is afforded by the natural descending navigation road. In addition to the regular business travelling There are many circumstances in favor of this extended republic, and will thus do more to perpetu of the Susquehannah river to Baltimore, or by the and transportation between this city and Paterson, ate our institutions and preserve our Union than any Pennsylvania Canal from Pittstown to Philadelphia,) the pleasure travelling must necessarily form a conpolitical compacts or physical force could ever effect. with the coal trade from the valley of the Lackawa-siderable item in the receipts of the company. And The systein, if advantageously applied and sufficient na. I have not the slightest doubt the construction from a view of the country, it may reasonably be ly extended, will give to the people of the United of the road will offer a safe and lucrative investment predicted that this road will form one link of the Štates an identity of feeling, a harmony of interests, of capital, even if the work should cost double the great chain which will soon connect the western part and a facility of social intercourse, which must long amount. bind themselves together as one great family and of New Jersey with this metropolis. The present want of fuel in the city of the Now. New-York, Jan. 3d, 1832. to secure to our country all the advantages resulting York, and in all the towns and cities from New-York from the productiveness of a mighty continent, with to Toy, and which prevails no less in the cities and the conveniences of communication incident to a large towns bordering on the Atlantic east of Newsmall island. York, warrants the conclusion that some other com

RAIL-ROAD MEETINGS.

IN MARYLAND.

R. R.

For a full and more detailed explanation of the munication with the valley of the Lackawana than Encouraged by the promise which her Great Railoperations of this company, within the past year, is afforded by the Hudson and Delaware Canal is ab we ask leave respectfully, to refer the Executive to solutely necessary. road holds out, Maryland seems intent upon reaping the Fifth Annual Report of the Board of Directors, The increasing demand for the Lakawana coal, from similar enterprizes, all the benefit possible. a copy of which is herewith transmitted. On behalf destined as it is to supply the whole country north, Accordingly, we find in a late Baltimore paper, the of the Board, I am very Respectfully, &c. east, and west of the cities of New York, it is con- following proceedings relative to a Rail-road towards fidently believed will alone give full employment to a Rail-road with a single track on the route pro Pennsylvania :posed.

PHILIP E. THOMAS,
President B. & O. R. R. Co.

[FOR THE RAIL-ROAD JOURNAL.]

HUDSON AND DELAWARE RAIL-ROAD.

Rail-road Meeting.-At a large and respectable I shall be able to lay the subject before you, in meeting of the inhabitants of the upper part of Codetail, by the 10th of January, which has caused cil county, convened agreeably to public notice at An act of incorporation under the above title, for than would, under other circumstances, have been of December, to take into consideration the subject more brevity in replying to your present inquiries the Hotel of Capt. Thomas Taylor, on Friday, 23d the construction of a Rail-road from the village of afforded. Yours respectfully, H. G. SARGent. Newburgh, through the county of Orange to the Delaware River, was passed by the Legislature, April 19th, 1830.

[FOR THE RAIL ROAD JOURNAL.]

THE PATERSON & HUDSON RIVER RAIL-ROAD.

of forming a company for the purpose of making a Railroad from the Maryland line at the termination of the contemplated Railway of the "Oxford Railroad Company of Chester County," by the way of Port Deposit, to the city of Baltimore, the follow.

The Commissioners have this Summer caused a On the 21st day of January, A. D. 1831, a compa- ing preamble and resolutions were unanimously very minute survey of the various proposed routes ny was incorporated by an act of the Legislature of adopted: to be made under the direction of H. G. Sargent, the State of New-Jersey, with a capital of $250,000, Whereas, this meeting is already apprized of the Esq. of Fort Anne, Washington county. His report with the privilege of extending it to $500,000, for fact, that a company was incorporated in 1828, by will be ready for distribution to the public in the the purpose of constructing a rail-road from Paterson constructing a Railroad, from a point intersecting the Legislature of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of course of next month; in the meanwhile, the an. to some point or points on the Hudson River oppo- the Pennsylvania Railroad in the great valley, in nexed letter from Mr. Sargent to one of the Com. site this city. At an early period after the charter Chester County, to the Maryland Line, in a dir ction to Port Deposit; and this meeting being fully missioners, will show that the result of his survey was granted, the stock was taken, the company or- seasible of the immense benefits that would accrue has been very satisfactory. ganized, surveys of several routes made, and the road not only to the emporium of our State, but also to This Railway will strike the Delaware River at or definitely located from Paterson to the east side of the Counties of Cecil, Harford and Baltimore, in near Carpenter's Point, where it will come into con. Berry's Hill, a distance of eight miles. This part of an agricultural point of view by the extension of nexion with the Delaware and Hudson Canal. said Railroad to the city of Baltimore;-and Wherethe road was put under contract; and the contractors as, the map of survey and reconnaissance made by From the Delaware River, it is intended, under a commenced grading the same about the middle of J. Edgar Thompson, Esq. an engineer of much ex.. charter from the State of Pennsylvania, passing the July last past, and have finished the grading to the perience, together with the estimates now before village of Milford, and crossing over Cobb's Gap, to Paterson Landing, a distance of five miles, form- the meeting, show the gratifying fact that the conenter the valley of the Lackawana in the very heart ed the foundation and laid the rails on a consider templated road, as now located, has advantages inof the coal region; hore a junction will be formed able part of that distance, so that it will require but any other route, and seems designed by nature to finitely superior in point of geological adaptation to with the Lackawana Rail-road,(the stock of which we about a month's work to finish the road to the land. become the connecting link between the cities of are informed has been partially engaged) which termi-ing, which is the head of the navigation of the Pa. Baltimore and Philadelphia, therefore, nates at or near the Great Bend of the Susquehannah, saick River. This part of the road will be in use thence along the level banks of that river to Owego, early next spring, and must be of essential service to where we unite with the Ithica and Owego Rail-road, the town of Paterson, by facilitating their communithus forming a complete communication from Ithica cation with tide water.

Resolved, That a committee of three persons, be

appointed to draft a memorial to the Honorable Senate and House of Delegates, praying an act of Incorporation to a Company by the name and style of the" Baltimore, Port Deposit and Maryland Line

by Railways, to the village of Newburgh. Cobb's By the original charter, the company were requir-Railroad Company.”