4. Telluretted Hydrogen. Tellurium has the same relations to hydrogen as oxygen, sulphur, and selenium. Its atomic weight being 125, we find for HTe (252€ + 1) m2 - 31250m-1937375 = 0, This equation is very nearly satisfied with the valu es m1 = - 62, €1 = 0. The following are the conditions to determine H2Te : (7) bis. (A) (B) = 0. (C) = 1.01609. The last value of m does not fulfil the condition 5. Peroxide of Hydrogen (H2O2). From the chemical statement made in the note to p. 413 (for which I am indebted to Dr. J. Emerson Reynolds), it is natural to suppose that peroxide of hydrogen is formed by the union of the left-handed and right-handed hydroxyl molecules, whose angular velocities are and combined into a molecule of a rhombic form, as here shown.1 The equations of condition required by this configuration are two in number, one for the angles HH, and the other for the angles 00; = 4 = coeff. of attraction (HH) in the hydrogen molecule. where μ μ' = με 0 β @" = = coeff. of attraction (HO) in the rhombic molecule. coeff. of attraction (00) in the oxygen molecule. semiangle of the acute angle of the rhombus. = atomic weight of the dyad element. HC = 1. 1 This rhombic molecule is drawn to scale to represent peroxide of hydrogen. where m is to be found from the chemical conditions of the problem, and is not necessarily the same as my, which belongs to the oxygen molecule. The foregoing equations become, therefore, after some reductions, giving the form of the rhombic molecule in terms of its stability. Eliminating w", we find giving the form of the rhombic molecule in terms of the attraction of oxygen upon hydrogen in the molecule; for In considering the problem of water where an atom of oxygen attracts two atoms of hydrogen, we found m =- - 10. If we assume this to be the value of m in the peroxide of hydrogen molecule, we find from (B,) and (B), Comparing this result with what has been found respecting hydroxyl and water, we find the stabilities of all three as measured by the squares of their angular velocities. It would appear at first sight as if peroxide of hydrogen would be formed in preference to either hydroxyl or water, which is contrary to the chemical facts which prove that water is formed to the exclusion of both hydroxyl and peroxide of hydrogen. The explanation of this is to be sought in the equations of area and energy which require to be satisfied as well as the equations of configuration. which is greater than a2 found for water 1.3090. Therefore, so fa as areas are concerned H2O2 is more expensive than H2O. The equation of energy is easily found from the foregoing. Substituting in this equation the values already found, and making The corresponding loss of atomic energy in the formation of water was only €2 = + 0·0984, showing that peroxide of hydrogen is a much more expensive molecule to produce than water. |