Page images
PDF
EPUB
[graphic]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

4. Telluretted Hydrogen. Tellurium has the same relations to hydrogen as oxygen, sulphur, and selenium. Its atomic weight being 125, we find for HTe

(252€ + 1) m2 - 31250m-1937375 = 0,

This equation is very nearly satisfied with the valu es

m1 = - 62, €1 = 0.

The following are the conditions to determine H2Te :

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

(7) bis.

(A)

(B)

= 0.

(C)

= 1.01609.

[blocks in formation]

The last value of m does not fulfil the condition

[blocks in formation]

Hence we find the coefficient of attraction of tellurium for hydro

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

5. Peroxide of Hydrogen (H2O2). From the chemical statement made in the note to p. 413 (for which I am indebted to Dr. J. Emerson Reynolds), it is natural to suppose that peroxide of hydrogen is formed by the union of the left-handed and right-handed hydroxyl molecules, whose angular velocities are

[blocks in formation]

and combined into a molecule of a rhombic form, as here shown.1

[blocks in formation]

The equations of condition required by this configuration are two in number, one for the angles HH, and the other for the angles 00;

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

= 4 = coeff. of attraction (HH) in the hydrogen molecule.

where

μ

μ'

=

με

0

β

@"

=

=

coeff. of attraction (HO) in the rhombic molecule.

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

coeff. of attraction (00) in the oxygen molecule.

semiangle of the acute angle of the rhombus.

= atomic weight of the dyad element.

[blocks in formation]

HC = 1.

1 This rhombic molecule is drawn to scale to represent peroxide of hydrogen.

[graphic]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

where m is to be found from the chemical conditions of the problem, and is not necessarily the same as my, which belongs to the oxygen molecule.

The foregoing equations become, therefore, after some reductions,

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

giving the form of the rhombic molecule in terms of its stability. Eliminating w", we find

[blocks in formation]

giving the form of the rhombic molecule in terms of the attraction of oxygen upon hydrogen in the molecule; for

[blocks in formation]

In considering the problem of water where an atom of oxygen attracts two atoms of hydrogen, we found

m =- - 10.

If we assume this to be the value of m in the peroxide of hydrogen molecule, we find from (B,) and (B),

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

Comparing this result with what has been found respecting hydroxyl and water, we find the stabilities of all three as measured by the squares of their angular velocities.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

It would appear at first sight as if peroxide of hydrogen would be formed in preference to either hydroxyl or water, which is contrary to the chemical facts which prove that water is formed to the exclusion of both hydroxyl and peroxide of hydrogen. The explanation of this is to be sought in the equations of area and energy which require to be satisfied as well as the equations of configuration.

[blocks in formation]

which is greater than a2 found for water 1.3090. Therefore, so fa as

areas are concerned H2O2 is more expensive than H2O.

The equation of energy is easily found from the foregoing.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Substituting in this equation the values already found, and making

[blocks in formation]

The corresponding loss of atomic energy in the formation of water was only

€2 = + 0·0984,

showing that peroxide of hydrogen is a much more expensive molecule to produce than water.

« PreviousContinue »