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SECTION III.-ACCENT.

1. ACCENT is the peculiar force given to one or more syllables of a word.

2. A mark like this is often used to show which syllable is accented; as, read'ing, eat'ing, re ward', com pel', mis' chievous, vi o lin', fire'-eat' er, in' cense-breath' ing.

3. In many trisyllables and polysyllables, of two syllables ac cented, one is uttered with greater force than the other. The more forcible accent is called primary, and the less forcible, secondary.

4. A mark like this is sometimes used to indicate secondary accent; as, ed`u ca' tion, ed' u cate', mul' ti pli ca' tion.

In words of more than one syllable, let the pupils tell on what syllables primary and secondary accents fall, in the following

EXAMPLES.

1. When the weary seaman, on the dreary deep, sees a beacor gleaming on the seashore, he is eager for the seaside.

2. If the marine force besiege the fort, we will march to its relief, when your friends can make a sortie and retrieve their loss. 3. The brigadier, cavalier, chevalier, grenadier, and volunteer were armed cap-a-pie.

4. On that momentous occasion, the majestic polemic made a pathetic speech for the prevention of oppression.

5. If you make an amicable arrangement with your adversary, he will be an admirable ac'cessary to the felony.

6. The aristocratic ecclesiastic addressed the people of that municipality in enthusiastic strains.

7. Impenetrability and indestructibility are two essential properties of matter.

8. The incommunicability and incomprehensibility of the ways of Providence are no obstacles to the eye of faith.

WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY ACCENT.

Many words, or parts of speech, having the same form, are distinguished by accent alone. Nouns and adjectives are often thus distinguished from verbs.

EXAMPLES.

1. Why does your ab'sent friend absent' himself?

2. Did he abstract' an ab'stract of your speech from the desk? 3. Note the mark of ac'cent, and accent' the right syllable. 4. Buy some com'ent and cement' the glass.

5. Desert' us not in the des'ert.

6. If that proj'ect fail, he will project' another.

7. My in'crease is taken to increase' your wealth.

8. Perfume' the room with rich perfume.

9. If they reprimand' that officer, he will not regard their rep'rimand.

10. If they rebel', and overthrow' the government, even the reb'els can not justify the o'verthrow.

A few dissyllables, which are at once nouns and adjectives, are distinguished by accenting the nouns on the first syllable and the adjectives on the last.

EXAMPLES.

1. In August, the august' writer entered into a compact to prepare a compact' discourse.

2. In'stinct, not reason, rendered the herd instinct' with spirit. 3. Within a min'ute from this time, I will find a minute' piece of gold.

ACCENT CHANGED BY CONTRAST.

The ordinary accent of words is sometimes changed by a contrast in sense, or to express opposition of thought.

EXAMPLES.

1. He must increase, but I must de'crease.

2. He did not say a new ad'dition, but a new e'dition.

3. Consider well what you have done, and what you have left un'done.

4. I said that she will sus'pect the truth on the story, not that she will expect it.

5. He that de'sconded is also the same that as'cended.

6. This corruptible must put on in'corruption; and this mortal must put on im'mortality.

CHAPTER II.

EXPRESSION.

EXPRESSION OF SPEECH is the utterance of thought, feeling, or passion, with due significance or force. Its general divisions are EMPHASIS, SLUR, INFLECTION, MOD ULATION, MONOTONE, PERSONATION, and PAUSES.

Orthoëpy is the mechanical part of Elocution, consisting in the discipline and use of the organs of voice for the production of the alphabetic elements and their combination into separate words. It is the basis-the subsoil, which, by the mere force of will and patient practice, may be broken and turned up to the sun, and from which spring the flowers of expression.

Expression is the soul of elocution. By its ever-varying and delicate combinations, and its magic and irresistible power, it wills-and the listless ear stoops with expectation; the vacant eye burns with unwonted fire; the dormant passions are aroused, and all the tender and powerful sympathies of the soul are called into vigorous exercise.

SECTION I.-EMPHASIS.

1. EMPHASIS is the peculiar force given to one or more words of a sentence.

2. To give a word emphasis, means to pronounce it in a loud or forcible manner. No peculiar tone, however, is necessary, as a word or phrase may be rendered emphatic or peculiarly sig. nificant by prolonging the vowel sounds, by a pause, or even by a whisper.

3. Emphatic words are often printed in italics; those more emphatic, in small CAPITALS; and those that receive the greatest force, in large CAPITALS.

4. By the proper use of emphasis, we are enabled to impart animation and interest to conversation and reading. Its importance can not be over-estimated, as the meaning of a sentence often depends upon the proper placing of the emphasis. If readers have a desire to produce an impression on hearers, and

read what they understand and FEEL, they will generally place emphasis on the right words. Pupils, however, should be roquired to observe carefully the following

RULES FOR THE USE OF EMPHASIS.

1. Words and phrases peculiarly significant, or important in meaning, are emphatic; as,

Whence and what art thou, execrable shape! But see! the enemy retire. My first reason for the adoption of this measure is, the people demand it; my second reason is, THE PEOPLE De

MAND IT.

2. Words and phrases that contrast, or point out a difference, are emphatic; as,

I did not say a better soldier, but an elder. Take courage! let your motto be, "Ever onward," not, "Never constant."

3. The repetition of an emphatic word or phrase usually requires an increased force of utterance; as, You injured my child-you, sir!

Charge home-brave men, at Freedom's call;
CHARGE HOME-your bleeding comrādes fall;
CHARGE HOME-avenge them one and all;
God will protect the right!

4. A succession of important words or phrases usually requires a gradual increase of emphatic force, though emphasis sometimes falls on the last word of a series only; as,

His disappointment, his ANGUISH, his DEATH, were caused by your carelessness. These misfortunes are the same to the poor, the ignorant, and the weak, as to the rich, the wise, and the powerful.

Require pupils to tell which of the preceding rules is illustrated by each of the following

EXERCISES.

1. Speak little and well, if you wish to be considered as pos sessing merit.

2. Boisterous in speech, in action prompt and bold.

3. He buys, he sells,-he STEALS, he KILLS for gold. 4. But here I stand for right, for ROMAN right.

5. I shall know but one country. I was born an Amèrican; I live an American; I shall die an American.

6. He that trusts you, where he should find you lions finds you HARES; where foxes, GEESE.

7. A good man loves HIMSELF too well to lose an estate by gaming, and his NEIGHBOR 00 well to win one.

8. The GOOD man is honored, but the EVIL man is despised. 9. The young are slaves to novelty: the old, to custom: the middle-aged, to both: the dead, to neither.

10. The wicked flee wher. no man pursueth; but the righteous are bold as a lion.

11. They come! to arms! TO ARMS! TO ARMS!

12. None but the brave, none but the BRAVE, none but the BRAVE deserve the fair.

13. A day, an HOUR, of virtuous liberty, is worth a whole ETERNITY in bondage.

14. It is my living sentiment, and, by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment-Independence Now, and independ

ence FOREVER.

15.

Strike-till the last arm'd foe expires;
STRIKE for your altars and your fires;
STRIKE for the green graves of your sires;

GŎD-and your native land!

16. See how beauty is excelled by manly grace, and wisdom, which alone is truly fair.

17. The thunders of heaven are sometimes heard to roll in the voice of a united people.

18. Let us fight for our country, OUR WHOLE COUNTRY, and NOTHING BUT OUR COUNTRY.

19. What STRONGER breastplate than a heart untainted! THRICE is he armed that hath his quarrel JUST; and he but naked, though locked up in STEEL, whose conscience with INJUSTICE is corrupted.

20. Son of night, RETIRE; call thy winds, and fly. WHY dost thou come to my presence with thy shadowy arms? Do I FEAP thy gloomy form, dismal spirit of Loda? WEAK is thy shield of clonds; FEEBLE is that meteor, thy sword.

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