of the company. He has been active in the councils of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific, was chairman of its executive committee for the four years following its organization in 1883, and was one year its president and nine years vice-president during the first ten years of its existence. He is also an expert in marine underwriting, and was president of the San Francisco Board of Marine Underwriters for twenty-one years, from 1888 to 1909, when he declined re-election. He retired as president of the Fireman's Fund in January, 1914.

This

DUVAL, W. S., was born at Middletown, Conn., in 1847, and was educated in the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York. He went to California in 1868, and was engaged in practical mining many years. In 1885 he became an employe of the Pacific Insurance Union, serving as surveyor in different places within its jurisdiction. In 1890 he was appointed general manager. position he resigned in August, 1893, to accept the Pacific Coast managership of the Continental. On the removal of the Continental Pacific coast branch office to Chicago in 1895, he organized the Alameda County Board of Fire Underwriters, taking its management, entering the service of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific as surveyor upon its assuming jurisdiction over the entire coast. In 1897 he was elected manager (now district secretary) of District B, of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific, comprising middle, northern California, Nevada, and Alaska.

E

EASTERN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of Atlantic City, N. J. Organized 1902; capital, $200,000. David Fitzsimons, president; J. Haines Lippincott, secretary. Admitted assets, December 31, 1913, $264,870.29; liabilities, $16,134.51.

EASTERN UNION. An organization of fire insurance companies exercising jurisdiction over the states east of the Mississippi (excepting those within the jurisdiction of the Western Union), of which organization only executive officers or managers (in charge of not less than three states) are members. The headquarters of the Eastern Union are in the city of New York.

The officers of the Eastern Union, elected in 1913, are: President, C. F. Shallcross, manager Royal Insurance Company, Ltd.; vicepresident, F. W. Sargeant, president New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company; treasurer, Geo. W. Burchell, vice-president Queen Insurance Company; secretary, Howard DeMott.

EATON, HENRY W., manager in New York of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, is a native of London, England, and entered the service of that company in 1866. He represented it at Bristol, England, in 1876, as resident secretary of the west of England branch, and came to New York in 1878 as assistant manager of the New York branch under Mr. Pulsford. Upon the retirement of that gentleman, in 1887, he became resident manager. Mr. Eaton is an associate member of the Institute of Actuaries of England. In 1897 he was elected president of the National Board of Fire Underwriters of the United States, and in 1911 president of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters. He was also in 1911 elected president of the Factory Insurance Association.

EDDY, HENRY CLAY, resident secretary of the western department of the Commercial Union of London and Palatine of London, is a native of Providence, R. I., where he was born May 9, 1848. He received his higher education at the Highland Military Academy, at Worcester, Mass. When sixteen years old he entered the office of a local insurance agency at Providence, from which in 1867 he transferred his services to the Home Insurance Company of New York as clerk. Following this, in 1874, Mr. Eddy became special agent for the German-American and Phenix of New York, and in 1883 he accepted the post at Chicago which he now occupies. Mr. Eddy was president of the Fire Underwriters' Association of the northwest in 1890-'91, and has been president of the Underwriters' Laboratories since 1902, and is also president of the Underwriters' Salvage Company of Chicago.

EDMONDS, J. FRANK, resident secretary of the northwestern department of the Commercial Union Assurance Company and Palatine Insurance Company, at Denver, Col., was born at Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, June 11, 1855. He was educated in the high school in Rochelle, Ill., and began his business career in mercantile pursuits at Deadwood, South Dakota. He entered the fire insurance business as local agent in 1889, at Deadwood, South Dakota, and was appointed special agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company in 1892. He was appointed to his present position in March, 1899.

EDWARDS, GEORGE B., president of the Germania Fire Insurance Company of New York, was born in the United States and educated partly in Germany and England. After eight years' business education in a New York, China, and South American importing house, Mr. Edwards entered, in 1874, the employ of the Germania Fire Insurance Company as a clerk, and gradually advanced to the position of special agent in the eastern field. After seventeen years' experience in the field he was promoted, in April, 1892, to the second vicepresidency, and in 1897 to vice-president, and in 1913 to the presidency of the Company.

EDWARDS, LEMUEL BLUFORD, Pacific coast manager, is a native of Indiana, where he was born December 17, 1843. He served as a private soldier three years in the civil war, and at the early age of twenty-three years was sheriff of Boone county, Ind., his term covering two years. Afterwards he went into the insurance business, and was a local fire insurance agent eight years, and a general agent of a life insurance company four years. For thirteen years he was on the road as a special agent, general agent, and superintendent of agencies of fire insurance companies. He was four years Pacific coast manager of the American of Newark, Caledonian of Edinburgh, and the Manchester Fire. He is now associated with Charles Christensen and Benjamin Goodwin in the Pacific coast management of the American Central of St. Louis, St. Paul Fire and Marine of St. Paul, and Mercantile Fire and Marine of Boston. Mr. Edwards was a member of the California legislature in 1881-'82.

EGLESTON, THOMAS, general agent of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company at Atlanta, was born at Charleston, S. C., January 14, 1856, educated at private schools at that city, and removed to Atlanta, Ga., in 1872, entering the fire insurance agency office of James H. Low & Co. In 1875-'76 he was superintendent of agencies for this firm. He was appointed local agent at Atlanta for the Hartford Fire in 1877, special agent and adjuster in 1883, and general agent for Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana in 1885. Mr. Egleston is also senior member of the firm of Egleston & Prescott, Atlanta, Ga., managers of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company,

and the Citizens Insurance Company of St. Louis for the southern states. From 1884 to 1894 he was a member of the executive committee of the South Eastern Tariff Association. In the latter year he was elected president of the association, and declined a re-election in 1896. Mr. Egleston was elected a member of the Georgia legislature in 1901, and appointed a member of the depot commission for the State of Georgia. Since 1905, Mr. Egleston has been the resident chairman of the Sprinklered Risk Committee of the South Eastern Tariff Association, and in 1906 he was elected chairman of the Cotton Insurance Association.

ELECTRICITY AND FIRE INSURANCE. [See Underwriters' National Electric Association.]

ELLISON, EUGENE L., president of the Insurance Company of North America, and president of the Alliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was born in the state of Delaware and was educated in the public schools and academy at Newark, Del. Previous to his connection with his present company he was clerk in mercantile and banking houses, general agent of the Enterprise Insurance Company of Philadelphia, and assistant manager of the Philadelphia clearing house.

ENGINEERS, FIRE, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF. [See International Association of Fire Engineers.]

ENTERPRISE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Providence, R. I. Organized 1874. John R. Freeman, president and treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary; Benj. G. Buttolph and Edwin D. Pingree, vice-presidents. Admitted assets, December 31, 1913, $584,820.34; liabilities, $249,302.10.

EQUITABLE FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Providence, R. I., head office, Hartford, Conn. Organized 1859; capital, $400,000. Fred W. Arnold, president; John D. Knox, vice-president; Samuel G. Howe, secretary. The company is controlled by the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company, Hartford. Admitted assets, December 31, 1913, $960,525.71; liabilities, $296,246.69.

EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Charleston, S. C. Organized 1895; capital, $200,000. David Huguenin, president; William G. Mazyck, secretary and treasurer; R. F. Touhey, assistant secretary and treasurer. Admitted assets, December 31, 1913, $401,740.78; liabilities, $129,606.02.

EQUITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Kansas City, Mo. Organized 1909; capital, $100,000. E. G. Rowley, president; C. T. Hinkle, secretary; Bruce Dodson, manager. Admitted assets, December 31, 1913, $207,447.20; liabilities, $28,845.98.

EUREKA FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1864; capital, $100,000. F. A. Rothier, president; Adam Benus, secretary; F. C. Barton, assistant secretary. Assets, December 31, 1913, $363,535; liabilities, $133,533.

EVANS, HENRY, president of the Continental Insurance Company of New York, and the Fidelity-Phenix Insurance Company, was born at Houston, Tex., April 14, 1860. Some time after the close of the war he went to New York, where he was educated, finally leaving Columbia College School of Mines to enter the service of the Continental in March, 1878, as a junior clerk. For several years he worked at most of the desks in the office connected with the agency department. He succeeded the late Mr. Townsend as secretary of the agency department May 10, 1888; was elected second vice-president, retaining the agency department secretaryship in 1889, and vice-president January 14, 1892, and president January 15, 1903, after a service of nearly twenty-five years. Since Mr. Evans has been an officer of the Continental Insurance Company he has done a great deal of field work for it all over the United States. In March, 1904, he assumed the chairmanship of the committee of twenty on congested districts of cities of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. In June, 1906, he formed the Fidelity Fire Insurance Company, of which he is president and a director. In December, 1909, he was requested by the directors to take control of the Phenix Insurance Company of Brooklyn, which company was in trouble because of irregularities in its administration, and succeeded in saving the Phenix's agency plant. On March 1, 1910, the company was merged with the Fidelity Fire Insurance Company, under the title of the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Company, and Mr. Evans was elected president of the merged company.

EXCESS POLICY. A class of policies written to cover property in excess of other insurance. They do not apply until specific insurance is exhausted. Usually it is stipulated that a certain amount of specific insurance shall be carried, the rates for excess insurance being lower than the specific rate.