their own names and the names of their respective nations and tribes, their heirs and descendants, for the consideration above-mentioned, release, quit claim, relinquish, and cede to the United States all the land east, south, and west of the lines above described, so far as the said Indians formerly claimed the same, for them, the said United States, to have and to hold the same, in true and absolute propriety, forever.

ART. 3. The United States of America do, by these presents, relinquish and quit claim to the said nations, respectively, all the lands lying between the limits above described, for them, the said Indians, to live and hunt upon, and otherwise to occupy as they shall see fit; but the said nations, or either of them, shall not be at liberty to sell or dispose of the same, or any part thereof, to any sovereign power, except the United States, nor to the subjects or citizens of any other sovereign power, nor to the subjects or citizens of the United States.

ART. 4. It is agreed between the said United States and the said nations that the individuals of the said nations shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably and offer no injury or annoyance to any of the subjects or citizens of the said United States.

ART. 5. It is agreed that if any Indian or Indians of the nations before-mentioned shall commit a murder or robbery on any of the citzens of the United States, the nation or tribe to which the offender belongs, on complaint being made, shall deliver up the person or persons complained of, at the nearest post of the United States, to the end that he or they may be tried, and, if found guilty, punished according to the laws established in the territory of the United States north-west of the river Ohio for the punishment of such offenses, if the same shall be committed within the said Territory; or according to the laws of the State where the offense may have been committed, if the same has happened in any of the United States. In like manner, if any subject or citizen of the United States shall commit murder or robbery on any Indian or Indians of the said nations, upon complaint being made thereof, he or they shall be arrested, tried, and punished agreeable to the laws of the State or of the Territory wherein the offense was committed, that nothing may interrupt the peace and harmony now established between the United States and said nations.

ART. 6. And, whereas, the practice of stealing horses has prevailed very much, to the great disquiet of the citizens of the United States, and, if persisted in, can not fail to involve both the United States of America and the Indians in endless animosity, it is agreed that it shall be put an entire stop to on both sides; nevertheless, should some individuals, in defiance of this agreement and of the laws provided against such offenses, continue to make depredations of that nature, the person convicted thereof shall be punished with the utmost severity the laws of the respective States or Territory of the United States north

west of the Ohio, where the offense may have been committed, will admit of; and all horses so stolen, either by the Indians, from the citizens or subjects of the United States, or by the citizens or subjects of the United States, from any of the Indian nations, may be reclaimed, into whose possession soever they may have passed, and, upon due proof, shall be restored-any sales in market ouvert, notwithstanding. And the civil magistrates in the United States, respectively, and in the Territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, shall give all neces sary aid and protection to Indians claiming such stolen horses.

ART. 7. Trade shall be opened with the said nations, and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection to the persons and property of such as may be duly licensed to reside among them for the purposes of trade, and to their agents, factors, and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at their towns, or at their hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the Governor of the Territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, for the time being, or under the hand and seal of one of his deputies for the management of Indian affairs; to the end that they may not be imposed upon in their traffic. And if any person or persons shall intrude themselves without such license, they promise to apprehend him or them, and to bring them to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, for the purpose before-mentioned, to be dealt with according to law; and that they may be defended against persons who might attempt to forge such licenses, they further engage to give information to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, of the names of all traders residing among them, from time to time, and at least once in every year.

ART. 8. Should any nation of Indians meditate a war against the United States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before-mentioned nations, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the Governor, or, in his absence, to the officer commanding the troops of the United States at the nearest post. And should any nation, with hostile intentions against the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of such attempt to the said Governor or commanding officer, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States. In like manner, the United States shall give notice to the said Indian nations of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their knowledge, and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.

ART. 9. If any person or persons, citizens or subjects of the United States, or any other person not being an Indian, shall presume to settle upon the lands confirmed to the said nations, he and they shall be out

of the protection of the United States, and the said nations may punish him or them in such manner as they see fit.

ART. 10. The United States renew the reservations heretofore made in the before-mentioned treaty at Fort McIntosh, for the establishment of trading posts, in manner and form following; that is to say: six miles square at the mouth of Miami or Omie Rivers; six miles square at the portage upon that branch of the Miami which runs into the Ohio; six miles square upon the lake Sandusky, where the fort formerly stood; and two miles square upon each side of the Lower Rapids, or Sandusky River; which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be for the use and under the Government of the United States. ART. 11. The post at Detroit, with a district of land beginning at the mouth of the river Rosine, at the west end of Lake Erie, and runring up the southern bank of said river six miles; thence northerly, and always six miles west of the strait, until it strikes the Lake St. Clair, shall be reserved for the use of the United States.

ART. 12. In like manner the post at Michilimackinac, with its dependencies, and twelve miles square about the same, shall be reserved to the sole use of the United States.

ART. 13. The United States of America do hereby renew and confirm the peace and friendship entered into with the said nations, at the treaty before-mentioned, held at Fort McIntosh; and the said nations again acknowledge themselves, and all their tribes, to be under the protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever. ART. 14. The United States of America do also receive into their friendship and protection the nations of Pottawattimies and Sacs; and do hereby establish a league of peace and amity between them respectively; and all the articles of this treaty, so far as they apply to these nations, are to be considered as made and concluded in all and every part, expressly with them and each of them.

ART. 15. And, whereas, in describing the boundary before-mentioned, the words, if strictly construed, would carry it from the portage on that branch of the Miami River which runs into the Ohio, over to the river Auglaize, which was neither the intention of the Indians nor of the commissioners, it is hereby declared that the line shall run from the said portage directly to the first fork of the Miami River, which is to the southward and eastward of the Miami village; thence down the main branch of the Miami River to the said village, and thence down that river to Lake Erie, and along the margin of the lake to the place of beginning.

Done at Fort Harmar, on the Muskingum, this ninth of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine. In witness whereof, the parties have hereunto, interchangeably, set their hands and seals.

Jos. Harmar, Lieut.-Col. Com't, 1st U. S. Reg't, and Brig.-Gen. by brevet.

Richard Butler.

Jno. Gibson.

Will. McCurdy, Captain.

E. Denny, Ensign 1st U. S. Regiment.

A. Hartshorn, Ensign.

J. Williams, Jr.
William Wilson.

Robt. Thompson, Ensign 1st U. S. Regiment. Joseph Nicholes.
Frans. Luse, Ensign.
James Rinken.

Be it remembered, that the Wyandots have laid claim to the lands that were granted to the Shawanese at the treaty held at the Miami, and have declared that, as the Shawanese have been so restless and caused so much trouble, both to them and the United States, if they will not now be at peace, they will dispossess them and take the country into their own hands; for that the country is theirs of right, and the Shawanese are only living upon it by their permission. They further lay claim to all the country west of the Miami boundary, from the village to the Lake Erie, and declare that it is now under their management and direction.

SEPARATE ARTICLE.

Whereas, the Wyandots have represented that, within the reservation from the river Rosine along the strait, they have two villages from which they can not, with any convenience, remove, it is agreed that they shall remain in possession of the same, and shall not be in any manner disturbed therein.

Relations between Washington and St. Clair. 631

APPENDIX IV.

RELATIONS BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND ST. CLAIR. [See Vol. I., p. 158.]

In further explanation of Governor St. Clair's visit to New York, upon the occasion of the organization of the National Government, and the intimate relations between him and General Washington, the following extract is given from "Sketches of Debate in the First Senate of the United States, in 1789-90-91, by William Maclay, a Senator from Pennsylvania" (p. 22):

"Monday, 4th May. Went early to the post-office. As I came back, met General St. Clair. He seemed desirous of speaking with me. Said he had been to my lodgings, and asked me what I thought of the President's new arrangements. It was the first I had heard of them.

The President is neither to entertain nor receive invitations. He is to have levee days on Tuesdays and Fridays, when only he is to be

seen.

"I told the General that General Washington stood on as difficult ground as he had ever done in his life. That to suffer himself to be run down, on the one hand, by a crowd of visitants, so as to engross his time, would never do, as it would render his doing business impracticable. But, on the other hand, for him to be seen only in public, on stated times, like an Eastern Lama, would be equally offensive. If he was not to be seen but in public, where nothing confidential could pass between him and any individual, business would, to all appearance, be done without him, and he could not escape the charge of favoritism; all court would be paid to the supposed favorite, weakness and insignificance would be considered as characteristics of the President, and he would not escape contempt; that it was not thus the General gained the universal plaudits of his admiring fellow-citizens. I reiterated these ideas in every shape and in every different light I could place them, for nearly half an hour that we walked in front of St. Paul's Church. The General said that he wished to collect men's sentiments, and the design was to communicate them to the General. I told him my late conduct in the Senate had been such as would render any opinion of mine very ungracious at court, and, perhaps, he had better never make mention of my name. Much more was said, but not worth committing to paper."

(1) Friend of St. Clair, Wilson and Judge Smith.