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399, STRENGTH OF VOICE. The voice Proverbs. 1. To subdue a trifling error, do is weak, or strong, in proportion to the less, not incur a greater. 2. Anger and haste-hunder or greater, number of organs and muscles, good counsel. 3. All complain of wart of memory that are brought into action. If one uses but none of want of judgment. 4. Good men are only the upper part of the chest, his voice a public good, and bad men-a public calamity will be weak: if he uses the whole body, 5. Human laws reach not our thoughts. 6. Ruas ne should do, (not in the most powerful lers-have no power over souls. 7. No one ever manner, of course, on common occasions,) suffered-by not speaking ill of others. 8. Silly his voice will be strong. Hence, to strength-people are generally pleased with silly things. 9 en a weak voice, the student must practice Zeal, without knowledge, is religious wildfire. 10 expelling the vowel sounds, using all the The example of a good man-is visible philos. abdominal and dorsal nerves and muscles: ophy. in addition to which, he should read and recite when standing or sitting, and walking on a level plain, and up hill: success will be the result of faithful practice.

So soft, so elegant, so fair,

she de-
[nies;

Sure, something more than human's there. Upon my lute-there is one string Broken; the chords-were drawn too fast: My heart is like that string; it tried Too much, and snapt in twain at last. She will, and she will not, she grants and Consents, retracts, advances, and then flies. Mental fragrance-still will last, When our youthful charms are past. If little labor, little are our gains; Man's fortunes-are according to his pains. Delightful task-to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea-how to shoot, To pour the fresh instruction o'er the mind, To breathe th' enliv'ning spirit, and to fix The generous purpose in the glowing breast. 100. Demosthenes-had three particular defects; first, weakness of the voice; which he strengthened by declaiming on the seashore, amid the roar of waters; which effort would tend directly to bring into use the lower parts of the body; second, shortness of breath; which he remedied by repeating his orations as he walked up hill; which act serves to bring into use the appropriate organs, and fully inflate the lungs: and third, a thick, mumbling way of speaking; which he overcame by reading and reciting with pebbles in his mouth; which required him to make a greater effort from below, and open his mouth wider. Examine yourself and act accordingly.

Anecdote. Clients' Bones. A certain mechanic, having occasion to boil some cat. tle's feet, emptied the bones near the court house. A lawyer, observing them, inquired of a bystander, what they were. "I believe they are clients' bones," replied the wit, "as they appear to be well picked."

The Deceiver. A Base Character. Must not that man be abandoned, even to all man ner of humanity, who can deceive a woman for no other end, but to torment her with with appearances of affection and kindness, more ease and authority? Is anything more unlike a gentleman, than, when his honor is engaged for the performing his promises, because nothing but that can oblige him to it, to become afterwards false to his word, and be alone, the occasion of misery to one, whose happiness he but lately pretended was dearer to him than his own? Ought such a one to be trusted in his common affairs? or treated, but as one whose honesty-consisted only in his capacity of being otherwise.

Varieties. 1. Is it strange, that beautiful flowers should wither and die? 2. Trust thyself; every heart vibrates to that iron string. 3. Our American character is markcd by a more than average delight-in accurate perception; which is shown by the currency of the by-word-" no mistake." 4. In sickness, and languor, give us a strain of poetry, or a profound sentence, and we are refreshed; when the great Herder was dying, he said to his friends, who were weeping around him: Give me some great thought." Blessed are they, who minister to the cry of the soul. 5. The christian sees, in all that befalls the human race, whether it be good or evil, only the manifestations Inconsistency. Montaigue-condemns of Divine Love, as exercised in training and cruelty, as the most odious of all vices; yet preparing souls, for the approach of that he confesses, that hunting-was his favorite perfection, which they are one day destined diversion. He acknowledges the inconsist- to realize. 6. For every friend, that we ency of man's conduct, but he does not as lose for truth, God gives us a better one. cribe it to the right cause; which is the pre- The love of praise, howe'er concealed by art, dominance, at the time, of those associations Reigns, more or less, and glows in every heart: it awakens, conducing to pleasure. If he The proud-to gain it-toils on toils endure, had not been accustomed to it, the associa-The modest-shun it, but to make it sure; tions of hunting, would have been painful, and his aversion to cruelty in the abstract, would have been realized in the concrete and varticulars.

Then, pugrim. turn, thy cares forego All earth-born cares-are wrong; Man-wants but little-here below, Nor wants that little-long. BRONSON. 10

O'er globes and sceptres, now on thrones it swells,
Now trims the midnight lamp-in college cells.
"Tis tory, whig; it plots, prays, preaches, pleads.
Harangues in senates, speaks in masquerades
It aids the dancer's heel, the writer's head,
And heaps the plain—with mountains of the dead,
Nor ends with life; but nods-in sable plumes,
Adorns our hearse, and flatters-on our tembs.

401. TRANSITION-means, in speech, the changes of pitch, from one note to another; as from the eighth to the third: or from the sixth to the first; and vice versa; to correspond in variety and character, to the sentiment and emotion. In singing, it means changing the place of the key-note, so as to keep the tune within the scale of twenty-two degrees. In transition-the pitches of voice are not only changed, but its qualities, agreeably to the nature and object of the composition; however, there must never be any sacrifice of other principles-all the proportions must be preserved. Example:

An hour passed on; the Turk awoke,
That (6) bright dream-(3) was his last.
He (5) woke to hear his sentry's shriek, [Greek!"
(8) "TO ARMS! they (6)come! the (8) Greek! the (10)
He woke to die-midst (5) flame, and (5) smoke,
And (6) shout, and (3) groan, and sabre stroke,
And death-shots falling thick and fast
As lightnings-from the mountain-cloud;
And heard with voice as trumpet loud,
Bozzarris-cheer his band.

(8) Strike! till the last armed foe expires;
(9) Strike! for your (6) altars and your (8) fires,
(10) Strike for the green graves of your sires,
(8) God-and your native land.

Proverbs. 1. Be just to others, that you may be just to yourself. 2. The mind of the idlernever knows what it wishes for. 3. Every ross has its thorn. 4. There is nothing good, that may not be converted to evil purposes. 5. Fewo persons are aware of the importance of rigid economy. 6. Do not suffer yourself to be deceived -by outward appearances. 7. Never take ad

vantage of another man's ignorance. 8. Tho word, that has gone forth-can never be recalled 9. A bird in the hand, is worth two in the bush. 10. That load appears light, which is borne with cheerfulness. 11. Virtue is the forerunner of happiness. 12. Foresight-is the eye of prudence.

Anecdote. Obey Orders. A brave vetc. ran officer, reconnoitering a battery, which was considered impregnable, and which it was necessary to storm, laconically answered the engineers, who were endeavoring to dissuade him from the attempt;-" Gentlemen, you may think and say what you please: all I know, is, that the American flagmust be hoisted on the ramparts to-morrow morning; for I have the order in my pocket.”

Effects of Perseverance. All the performances of human art, at which we look with praise or wonder, are instances of the resistless force of perseverance; it is by this that the quarry becomes a pyramid, and that distant countries are united with canals and

fect of a single stroke of a pickaxe, or of one impression of the spade, with the general design and last result, he would be overwhelm ed by the sense of their disproportion; yet those petty operations, incessantly continued, in time, surmount the greatest difficulties, and mountains are levelled, and oceans bounded by the slender force of human beings.

402. To succeed in these higher parts of oratory, one must throw himself into the con-rail-roads. If a man was to compare the ef dition, and shape, he wishes to fill, or be, and bring the body into perfect subjection: by assuming the appropriate language of action and earnestness, he may work himself into any frame of mind, that the subject demands. He must be sure to keep up the life, spirit, and energy of the composition; and let there be a light and glow in his style. He must also cultivate a bold and determined manner; for if he takes no special interest in what he is reading or speaking, he may rest assured

others will not.

Lo! from the regions of the north, The reddening storm of battle pours, (5) Rolls along the trembling earth, (6) Fastens on the Olynthian towers;

[brave?

(8) Where rests the sword? Where sleep the (9) Awake (8) Cecropia's ally save

(6) From the fury of the blast;

(8) Burst the storm-on Phoci's walls;
(10) Rise, or Greece (8) forever falls :

(12) Up! or (10) freedom-breathes her (6) last.
(4) The jarring states-obsequious now,
(5) View the patriot's hand on high;
(2) Thunder-gathering on his brow,
(6) Lightning-flashing from his eye:-
(8) Grasp the shield-and draw the (6) sword.
(9) Lead us to (8) Philippi's lord;
(6) Let us (10) conquer him,—(5) or (2) dia.
THE BIBLE.
Behold the Book, whose leaves display
Jesus, the life, the truth, the way;
Read it with diligence and prayer,
Scarch it, and you shall find him there.

Varieties. 1. Can Omnipotence do things incompatible and contradictory ? 2. St. Augustine described the nature of God, as a circle, whose centre was everywhere, and his | circumference nowhere. 3. The walls of rude minds are scrawled all over with facts and with thoughts; then shall one bring a lantern, and read the inscriptions? 4. "My children," said an old man to his boys, scared by a figure in the dark entry, "you will never see anything worse than yourselves." Some one says, "There are no prodigies, but the first death, and the first night, that deserve astonishment and sadness!" 6. When we have broken our god of Tradition, and ceased from our god of Persuasion, then, God may fire our hearts, with his own presence; but not before. 7. No love can be bound by oath, or covenant, to secure it against a higher love.

God-scatters love-on every side,
Freely-among his children all;
And always-hearts are open wide,
Wherein some grains may fall.
To know and love God, is everything.

5.

8. A

praise. 7. All the devils respect virtue. sincere word was never lost. 9. Curses—always recoil upon the head of him, who imprecates them. 10. God-will not make himself manifest to cowards. 11. The love of society is natural.

403. MALE AND FEMALE VOICES. The Maxims. 1. Bad counsel confounds the ad voices of men--are generally an octave lower viser. 2. No one can do wrong, without suffering than those of women; or, comparatively, wrong. 3. He is greatest, who is most useful 4. men's voices are like the bass viol, and wo-Love-and you shall be loved. 5 A great manmen's voices like the violin. The voice is is willing to be little. 6. Blame-is safer than made grave, that is, to run on lower pitches, by elongating, and enlarging the vocal chords; and it is made acute, that is, to run on higher pitches, by shortening and diminishing them; in connection, however, with the size of the chest, which always has its influence. Few are aware of the extent to which the voice is capable of being cultivated; and hence, we should beware of setting limits to it.

If every one's internal care

Were written on his brow,
How many would our pity share

Who raise our envy now!
The fatal secret. when revealed,

Of every aching breast,

Would fully prove, that while concealed,

Their lot appears the best.

How calm, how beautiful, comes on
The stilly hours, when storms are gone;
When warring winds have died away,
And clouds, beneath the glancing ray,
Melt off, and leave the land and sea,
Sleeping-in bright tranquillity.

404. To acquire the ability to change, at will, your pitch of voice, so as to be able o adapt the manner to the matter, pracice throwing the voice on different pitches, varying from one to five, five to eight, eight to one, and in other ways; also, recite such pieces as have a number and variety of speakers, as found in dialogues; and imitate the voice and manner of each, as far as possible. But remember, no one can accomplish much, without committing the examples to memory; thus, after long practice in this way, you may make the book talk and speak. All developments are from within-out, not from without-in.

Miscellaneous. 1. Two things are incumbent on the historian; to avoid stating what is false, and fully and fairly to place before us the truth. 2. One of the greatest blunders an orator can commit is, to deviate into abstruse expressions, and out of the beaten track. 3. Man-was created for a state of order, and he was in order, till he fell, or became depraved; or, what is the same thing, disordered-i. e. the reverse of order. 4. Man is in order, wher. he acts from supreme love to the Lord, and charity towards his neighbor, in obedience to the Divine Will; but he is depraved, and disordered, in the degree he acts from the love of self, and the love of the world. 5. No man is compelled to evil; his consent only makes it his.

A dia.nond,

Tho' set in horn, is still a diamonu, Anieparkles-as in purest gold.

Anecdote. An old alderman, after having lived for fifty years on the fat of the land, and losing his great toe with a mortification, insisted, to his dying day, that he owed it to two grapes, which he ate one day, after dinner; he said, he felt them lie cold at his stomach the moment they were eaten.

Education. The time, which we usually bestow on the instruction of our children-in principles, the reasons of which they do not understand, is worse than lost; it is teaching them to resign their faculties to authority; it is improving their memories, instead of their understandings; it is giving them credulity instead of knowledge, and it is preparing them for any kind of slavery which can be imposed on them. Whereas, if we assisted them in making experiments on themselves, induced them to attend to the consequence of every action, to adjust their little deviations, and fairly and freely to exercise their powers, they would collect facts which nothing could controvert. These facts they would deposit in their memories, as secure and eternal treasures; they would be materials for reflection, and, in time, be formed into principles of concould remove. This would be a method of duct, which no circumstances or temptations forming a man, who would answer the end of his being, and make himself and others happy.

Varieties. 1. Did not the Greek philosophy--corrupt the simplicity of the christian religion? 2. There are two sorts of popular corruption; one, when the people do not observe the laws; the other, when they are corrupted by the laws. 3. Cesar--added the punishment of confiscation, for this reason; lest the rich, by preserving their estates, should become bolder in the perpetration of crime. 4. No localities can bound the dominion, or the superiority of man. 5. What constitutes a church? Divine goodness and truth, conjoined by love, and exemplified in the life. 6. Madame de Stael's idea, that architecture

is like frozen music, must have been sug gested on a cold day. 7. We are often made to feel, that there is another youth and age than that which is measured from the year of our natural birth; some thoughts always find us young, and keep us so; such a thought is the love of the Universal and Eternal Beauty.

Proverbs. 1. A good word for a bad one 19 405. STYLE-comprehends all the princi- | ples of elocution, and denotes the manner in worth much, and costs little. 2.- He, who knows which different kinds of composition should not when to be silent, knows not when to speak. be read, or spoken: of course, there are as 3. Oppression-causes rebellion. 4. Where conmany kinds of style, as there are of compo- tent is, there is a feast. 5. The drunkard continu sition; and unless a person has command of ally assaults his own life. 6. Show me a liar, body and mind, he cannot harmonize his and I will show you a thief. 7. That which helps one man, may hinder another. 8. A good educa manner and matter. If in writing, style-tion is the foundation of happiness. 9. Must follies means proper words, in proper places; in Owe their origin to self-love. 10. No tree--takes so speaking, it must signify, proper sounds in deep a root as prejudice. 11. Inform yourself, and proper places. Ex.

What is wit? a meteor, bright and rare,

Th't comes and goes, we know not whence, or where;
A brilliant nothing-out of something wrought,
A mental vacuum-by condensing thought.

O the eye's eloquence,
(Twin-born with thought,) outstrips the tardy voice;
Far swifter-than the nimble lightning's flash,
The sluggish thunder-peal, that follows it.
True courage-but from opposition grows,
And what are fifty-what-a thousand slaves,
Matched to the sinew-of a single arm,
That strikes for LIBERTY?

406. What causeth the earth to bring forth and yield her increase? Is it not the light and heat of the sun, that unlocks her native energies and gives them their power? In an analogous manner should the light of the thought, and the heat of its accompanying affection, act upon the mind, which will communicate the influence received to the whole body, and the body to the voice and actions. This is what is meant by imbibing the author's feelings, and bringing before you all the circumstances, and plunging amid the living scenes, and feeling that whatever you describe, is actually present, and passing before your mind.

instruct others. 12. Truh-s the only bond of friendship.

Learning. We have been often told, that "a little learning is a dangerous thing," and we may be just as well assured, that a little bread is not the safest of all things; it would be far better to have plenty of both: but the sophism of those who use this argument, is, that they represent the choice between little and much; whereas our election must be made between little-and none at all; if the choice is to be-between a small portion of information, or of food, and absolute igno rance, or starvation, common sense gives its decision in the homely proverb-* half a loar is better than no bread."

Varieties. 1. The best and surest cours

is never to have recourse to deception, bu prove ourselves, in every circumstance of life, equally upright and sincere. 2. The most consummate hypocrite-cannot, at at times conceal the workings of his mind. 3. When we employ money-to good purposes, it is 2 great blessing; but when we use it for ev and wicked ends, or become so devoted to n as to endeavor to acquire it by dishones: means, it is a great curse. 4. None are s fond of secrets, as those who do not mean to 407. Lyceums and Debating societies, are keep them: such persons covet them, as admirable associations for the improvement spendthrifts do mony, for the purpose of cir of mind, and cultivation of talent, for pub-culation. 5. Burke-called the French revlic or private speaking. Franklin and Ro-olutionists, "the ablest architects of ruin, ger Sherman, (the one a printer, and the oth- that the world ever saw." 6. Trifles-always er a shoe-maker,) rose from obscurity to great require exuberance of ornament; the buildeminence, and usefulness, by their own ef- ing that has no strength, can be valued only forts: so may we, by using the proper for the grace of its decorations. 7. We can means. It was in a debating society, that not part with our heart-friends: we cannot Lord Brougham first displayed his superior let our angels go. talents and unrivaled eloquence; and there, also, HENRY CLAY, the greatest American A orator, commenced his brilliant career. word to those who would be wise is enough. Anecdote. An appropriate Sign. A man who had established a tippling-house, being about to erect his sign, requested his neighbor's advice-what inscription to put upon it. His friend replied, "I advise you to write on it-Drunkards and Beggars made here." Honor's-a sacred tie, the law of kings, The noble mind's-distinguishing perfection, That aids and strengthens virtue, when it meets her, And imitates her actions, where she is not: It ought not to be spirted with

Nor fame I slight, nor for her favors call;
She comes unlook'd for, if she comes at all.
But, if the purchase cost so dear a price,
As soothing folly, or exalting vice;
And if the muse-must flatter lawless sway,
And follow stil! where fortune leads the way;
Or, if no basis-bear my rising name,
But the fall'n ruins of another's fame;
Then, teach me, heaven, to scorn the guilty bay.
Drive from my breast that wretched låst of praise
Unblemish'd let me live, or die-unknown:
O, grant me honest fame, or grant me none.
"Tis sweet-to bear

The song and oar-of Adria's gondolic
(By distance mellowed,) o'er the waters sweep.

tiful Sophia Arnold, of the number of her admirers, and wished to know how she should get rid of them. "Oh, my dear," (was the satiric reply,) "it is very easy for you to do it: you have only to speak."

108. Public speakers ought to live longer, the point you are to aim at, is, the greatest and enjoy better health, than other persons; possible degree of usefulness. 7. He who and if they conform to the principles here only aims at little, will accomplish but little. taught, and the laws of life and health gener- Anecdote. A silly, but very pretty woally, this will be the result. Pulmonary dis-man, complained to the celebrated and beaueases may be thrown off by these exercises; the author being a living witness, having been given over at three different times with consumption. The celebrated Cuvier and Dr. Brown, the metaphysician, and many others that might be mentioned, are also witnesses of this truth. One reason is, that natural speaking induces one to use a very large quantity of air, whereby the capacity of the lungs is much enlarged, the quantity of air increased, and the blood more perfectly puri-importance, is to show our own unimportance. 5. fied; the use of the whole body insures a free circulation, and, of course, contributes to universal health.

Think'st thou there are no serpents in the world,
But those, which slide along the grassy sod,
And sting the luckless foot, that presses them?
There are, who, in the path of social life,

Do bask their spotted skins, in fortune's sun,
And sting the soul, aye, till its healthful frame
Is changed to secret, festering, sore disease;
So deadly-is its wound.

Proverbs. 1. Those, who possess any real excellence, think and say, the least about it. 2 The active only, have the true relish of life. 3. Many there are, who are everything by turns, and nothing-long. 4. To treat trifles-as matters of

Grief, cherished unseen, is genuine, while that,

which has witnesses, may be affected. 6. Errordoes not so often arise from our ignorance of the truth, as an unwillingness to receive it. 7. Somemistake the love-for the practice of virtue, and are not so much good themselves, as they are the friends of goodness. 8. To love any one, and not do him good, when there is ability and opportunity, is a contradiction. 9. Pity-will always be his portion in adversity, who acted with kindness in prosperity. 10. The best mode of proving any science, is by exhibiting it.

A Good Example. Mr. Clay, in a debate upon the Loan Bill, remarked, that, for twenty or thirty years, neither he nor his wife, had owed any man a dollar. Both of them, many years gone by, had come to the conclusion, that the best principle of economy was this,-"never to go in debt. To indulge your wants when you were able to do so, and to repress them when you are not able to indulge them." The example is not only an excellent one for itself, but comes from a high source. To repress a want-is one of the wisest, safest, and most necessary principles of political economy. It prevents, not only the dangerous practice of living beyond our means, but encourages the safe precedent of living within them. If all who could, would live within their means, the world would be much happier and much better than it is. Henry Clay and his noble housewife-give us an example worthy of all imitation.

The brave, 'tis sure, do never shun the light; Just are their thoughts, and open are their tempers; Still are they found-in the fair face of day, And heaven, and men—are judges of their actions. 409. DISEASES OF THE THROAT-are connected, particularly, with those parts of the body, which are involved in breathing, and relate to the understanding, or reasoning faculties of the mind: thus, thinking and breathing are inseparably connected together; as are feeling and acting; hence, the predominance of thought, in the exercise of the voice, or in any kind of action, and zeal without knowledge, tend directly to such perversions of mind and body, as induce, not only diseases of the throat, but even pulmonary diseases: if, then, we will to be free, in any respect, we must return to truth and nature; for they will guide the obedient in the right way. Miscellaneous. 1. Whatever one possesses, becomes doubly valuable, by having the happiness of dividing it with a friend. 2. He who loves riches more than his friend, 2. Byron says, of Jack Bunting, “He know does not deserve to be loved. 3. He who not what to do, and so he swore:" so we may would pass the latter part of his life with say of many a one's preposterous use of books homor, and usefulness, must, when he is-He knew not what to do, and so he read. voung, consider that he shall one day be old; and when he is old, remember that he has once been young. 4. The rolling planets, and the glorious sun, Still keen that order, They sin, who tell us love can die; which they first begun; But wretched man, Its holy flame forever bu.neth; alone, has gone astray, swerved from his From heaven it came, to heaven returneth. God, and walks another way. 5. The old-Forgiveness-to the injured does belong; live in the past, as the young do-in the fu- But they ne'er pardon, who have done the wrong. ture. 6. Fix upon a high standard of char- Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, acter: to be thought well of—is not sufficient: Thou shalt not escape calumny.

Varieties. 1. Is pride-a mark of talent?

Wit's-a feather-Pope nas said,

And ladies-do not doubt it:
For those, who've ieun—within the head,
Display the most-about it.

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