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389. DYNAMICs. This, in mechanical phi- | Maxims. 1. The credit that is get by a lie, losophy, means the science of moving-powers;-only lasts till the truth comes out. 2. Zeal, in elocution and singing, it relates to the mixed with love, is harmless-as the dove. 3. force, loudness, harshness, strength, rough- A covetous man is, as he always fancies, in want. ness, softness, sivell, diminish, smoothness, 4. Hypocrites-first cheat the world, and at last, abruptness, gentleness of voice: that is, its themselves. 5. The borrower is slave to the lender, qualities, which are as various as those of the and the security-to both. 6. Some are too stiff human mind; of which, indeed, they are the to bend, and too old to mend. 7. Truth has alrepresentatives. Observe-that the names of ways a sure foundation. these qualities, when spoken naturally, ex-To do good, is the right way to find good. 10. press, or echo, their natures. The Loud, Rough, Soft, Smooth, Harsh, Forcible, Full, Strong, Tremulous, Slender, &c. all of which are comprehended in force, pitch, time, quantily, and abruptness of voice.

8. He, who draws others into evil courses-is the devil's agent. 9.

A spur in the head-is worth two in the heel. 11.
Better spared, than ill spent. 12. Years teach

more than books.

Anecdote. Love and Liberty. When an with his princess, by Cyrus, and was asked, Armenian prince-had been taken captive what he would give to be restored to his kingdom and liberty, he replied: "As for my

kingdom and liberty, I value them not; but if my blood-would redeem my princess, I would cheerfully give it for her." When Cyrus had liberated them both, the princess which she replied, "I did not observe him; was asked, what she thought of Cyrus? To my whole attention was fixed upon the generous man, who would have purchased my liberty with his life.”

390. Let the following examples be rendered perfectly familiar-the feelings, tho'ts, words and appropriate voice: nothing, how ever, can be done, as it should be, without having the most important examples memorized, here and elsewhere. (Loud) "But when loud surges-lash the sounding shore; (Rough) The hoarse rough voice, should like the torrent roar." (Soft)" Soft is the strain, when Zephyr gently blows; (Smooth) And the smooth stream, in smoother numbers flows." (Harsh) "On a sudden, open fly, with impetuous recoil and jarring sound, the infernal doors, and on their hinges grate harsh thunder." (Soft) "Heaven opened wide her ever-during gates (harmonious sound) on golden hinges turning." (Soft) "How charming is divine philosophy! (Harsh) Not harsh, and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. (Soft) But musical-as is Apollo's lute." (Harsh, Strong and Forcible.) Bloro Variettes. 1. Every thing that is an obwind, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow ject of taste, sculpture, painting, architecture, your cataracts, and hurricane spout, till you gardening, husbandry, poetry, and musichave drenched our steeples. You sulphuri- come within the scope of the orator. 2. In a ous and thought-executing fires, vaunt couri-government, maintained by the arm of pow ers to ouk-cleaving thunderbolts; and thou, all shaking thunder, strike flat the thick rotundity of the world."

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(Soft and Smooth.)
How sweet the moon-light sleeps upon this bank;
Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music,
Creep in our ears; soft stillness, and the night,
Become the touches of sweet harmony.

(Quick and Joyous.)

Let the merry bells ring round,
And the jocund rebeck sound,
To many a youth-and many a maid,
Dancing-in the checkered shade.
A want of occupation-is not rest,
A mind quite vacant-is a mind distressed.
As rolls the ocean's changing tide,
So-human feelings-ebb-and flow :-
And who could in a breast confide,

Where stormy passions-ever glow!
Remote from cities-lived a swain,
Cnvexed-with all the cares of gain;
His head-was silvered o'er with age,
And long experience-made him sage.

Prejudice-may be considered as a continual false medium of viewing things; for prejudiced persons-not only never speak well, but also, never think well, of those whom they dislike, and the whole character and conduct is considered-with an eye to that particular thing which offends them.

er, there is no certainty of duration; but one
cemented by mutual kindness, all the best
feelings of the heart are enlisted in its sup-
port. 3. Who was the greater tyrant, Diony
sius or the bloody Mary? 4. Beauty, unac
companied by virtue, is like a flower, with
out perfume; its brilliancy may remain, but
its sweetness is gone; all that was precious
in it, has evaporated. 5. We might as well
throw oil on a burning house to put out the
fire, as to take ardent spirits into the stomach,
to lessen the effects of a hot sun, or severe
exercise. 6. The understanding must be
elevated above the will, to control its desires;
but it must be enlightened by the truth, that
it may not err.

The pathway-to the grave-may be the same,
And the proud man-shall tread it, and the low,
With his bowed head, shall bear him company.
But the temper-of the invisible mind,
The god-like-and undying intellect,
These are distinctions, that will live in heaven,
When time,--is a forgotten circumstance.

391. DYNAMICS CONTINUED. These con- Maxims. 1. Al is soon realy ir an orderly trasts produce great effects, when properly house. 2. Bacchus las drowned more than Nepexhibited, both in elocution and music. The tune. 3. Despair-has ruined some, but presumprushing loud, indicates dread, alarm, warntion-multitudes. 4. Flattery-sits in the parlor, ing, &c.; the soft, their opposites: the tend- while plain-dealing is kicked out of doors. 5. He ency of indistinctness is, to remove objects to is not drunk for nothing, who pays lus reckoning a distance, throwing them into the back- with his reason. 6. If the world knew what passe? ground of the picture; and of fullness, to in my mind, what would it think of me. 7. Give bring them into the fore-ground, making Close not a letter-without reading it, nor drink neither counsel nor salt, till you are asked for it. 8. them very prominent; thus-the polyph-water-without seeing it. 9. A fool, and his money, onist deceives, or imposes upon the ear, making his sounds correspond to those he would represent, near by, and at a distance.

392. FORCIBLE. Now storming fury rose, and clamor; such as heard in heaven, till now, was never: arms on armor, clashing, brayed horrible discord; and the maddening wheels of brazen chariots raged. Full:high on a throne of royal state, which far outshone the wealth of Ormus, and of Inde; or where the gorgeous East, with richest hand, showers on her kings barbaric, pear! and gold, Satan, EXALTED, sat. Strong: him, the Almighty Power hurled headlong, flaming from the ethereal skies with hideous ruin and combustion, down to bottomless perdition there to dwell in adamantine chains, and penal fire,-who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.

are soon parted. 10. If few words-will not make you wise, many will not.

Anecdote. Charity Sermon. Dean Surft was requested to preach a charity sermon; but was cautioned about having it too long: he replied, that they should have nothing to fear on that score. He chose for his text these words-" He that hath pity on the poor, lendeth unto the Lord; and that which he hath given—will he pay him again." The Dean, after looking around, and repeating his text in a still more emphatic manner, added "My beloved friends, you hear the terms of the loan; and now, if you like the security,-down with your dust." The result was, as might be expected,—a very large collection.

Precept and Example. Exampleworks more cures than precept; for words, without practice, are but councils without effect. When we do as we say, it is a contirmation of the rule; but when our lives and doctrines do not agree, it looks as if the lesson were either too hard for us, or the advice not worth following. If a priest-design to edify by his sermons, concerning the punishment of the other world, let him renounce his lust, pride, avarice, and contentiousness; for whoever would make another believe a danger, must first show that he is apprehensive of it himself.

So MILLIONS-are smit-with the glare of a toy: They grasp at a pebble-and call it-a gem, And tinsel-is gold, (if it glitters,) to them; Hence, dazzled with beauty, the lover is smit, The hero with honor, the poet-with wit; The fop with his feather, his snuff-box and cane, The nymph with her novel, the merchant with gain: Each finical priest, and polite pulpiteer, Who dazzles the fancy, and tickles the ear, With exquisite tropes, and musical style, As gay as a tulip-as polished as oil, Sell truth-at the shrine of polite eloquence, To please the soft taste, and allure the gay sense. Miscellaneous. 1. Fair sir, you spit on Varieties. 1. The first book read, and me-on Wednesday last; you spurned me- the last one laid aside, in the child's library, such a day; another time-you called me is the mother: every look, word, tone, and dog; and for these courtesies, I'll lend thee gesture, nay, even dress itself—makes an⚫ thus much moneys. 2. I stand-in the pre- everlasting impression. 2. One who is consence of Almighty God, and of the world;scious of qualities, deserving of respect, and and I declare to you, that if you lose this attention, is seldom solicitous about them; charter, never, no NEVER-Will you get an- but a contemptible spirit-wishes to hide itother. We are now, perhaps, arrived at the self from its own view, and that of others, by varting point. Here, even HERE, we stand show, bluster and arrogant pretensions. 3. on the brink of fate! Pause! for HEAVEN'S The blood of a coward, would stain the chursake, pause. 3. Can you raise the dead? acter of an honorable man; hence, when we Pursue and overtake the wings of time? And chastise such wretches, we should do it with can you bring about again, the hours, the the utmost calmness of temper. 4. Cultivate DAYS, the YEARS, that made me happy? the habit-of directing the mind, intently, to 4. But grant-that others can, with equal whatever is presented to it; this—is the founglory, look down on pleasure, and the bait of dation of a sound intellectual character. . sense, where-shall we find a man, that bears We are too apt, when a jest is turned upon afflictions, great and majestic in his ills, like ourselves, to think that insufferable, in anCato? other, which we looked upon as very pretty and facetious, when the humor was our own. Never purchase friendship by gifts.

Oh then, how blind-to all that truth requires,
Who think it freedom, where a part-aspire.

393. Worus are paints, the voice the | imitation! Anxiety about the pinions of brush, the mind-the painter; but science, others--fetters the freedom of nature, and practice, genius, taste, judgment and emo- tends to awkwardness; all would appear tion are necessary-in order to paint well: well, if they never tried to assume-what and there is as much difference between a they do not possess. Every one is respectable good and bad reader, as there is between a and pleasing, so long as he or she, is perfectly good painter and a mere dauber. What natural and truthful, and speaks and acts gives expression to painting? EMPHASIS. from the impulses of an honest and affectionWe look upon some pictures and remark, ate heart, without any anxiety as to what "that is a strong outline;" "a very express- others think. ive countenance:" this is emphasis: again, we look upon others, and there is a softness, deicacy, and tenderness, that melts the soul, as she contemplates them; this is emotion. 394. Throw the following lines on the canvas of your imagination; i. e. picture them out there.

BEAUTY, WIT AND GOLD.
In her bower-a widow dwelt;
At her feet-three suitors knelt:
Each adored the widow much,
Each essayed her heart to touch;
One-had wit, and one-had gold,
And one-was cast in beauty's mould;
Guess-which was it-won the prize,
Purse, or tongue, or handsome eyes?
First, appeared the handsome man,
Proudly peeping o'er her fan;
Red his lips, and white his skin;
Could such beauty-fail to win?
Then-stepped forth-the man of gold,
Cash he counted, coin he told,
Wealth-the burden of his tale;
Could such golden projects fail?
Then, the man of wit, and sense,
Moved her with his eloquence;
Now, she heard him-with a sigh;
Now she blushed, she knew not why:
Then, she smiled--to hear him speak,
Then, the tear-was on her cheek:
Beauty, vanish! gold, depart!
WIT, has won the widow's heart.

Laconics. 1. Modesty-in your discourse, will give a lustre—to truth,—and excuse-to your errors. 2. Some—are silent, for want of matter, or assurance; others — are talkative, for want of sense. 3. To judge of men-by their actions, one would suppose that a great proportion was mad and that the world-was one immense mad-house. 4. Prodigals-are rich, for a moment-economists, forever. 5. To do unto others, as we would they should do to us, is a golden maxim, that cannot be too deeply impressed on our minds. 6. Continue to add a little-to what was originally a little, and you will make it à great deal. 7. The value-of sound, correct principles, early implanted in the human mind, is incalculable.

Those who are talentless, themselves, are the first to talk about the conceit of others; for mediocrity-bears but one flowerENVY.

Anecdote. Too Hard. About one hundred years ago, Mahogany-was introduced in England as ballast for a ship, that sailed from the West Indies; and one Dr. Gibbons wished some furniture made of it: but the workmen, finding it too hard for their tools, laid it aside. Another effort was made; but the cabinet-maker said it was too hard for his tools. The Doctor told him, he must get stronger tools then: he did so, and his effort was crowned with success. Remember this, ye who think the subject of elocution, as here treated, too difficult: and if you cannot find a way, make one. Press on!

IN POLITENESS, as in everything else, connected with the formation of character, we Varieties. 1. A good reader may become are too apt to begin on the outside, instead of a good speaker, singer, painter and sculptor: the inside: instead of beginning with the for there is nothing in any of these arts, that heart, and trusting to that to form the man- may not be seen in true delivery. 2. Old ners, many begin with the manners, and Parr, who died at the advanced age of 152, leave the heart to chance and influences. gave this advice to his friends; "Keep your The golden rule-contains the very life and head cool by temperance, your feet warm by soul of politeness: "Do unto others--as you exercise: rise early, and go early to bed; would they should do unto you." Unless and if you are inclined to grow fat, keep children and youth are taught by precept your eyes open, and your mouth shut." Are and example, to abhor what is selfish, and not these excellent life-pills? 3. As the lark prefer another's pleasure and comfort to their sings at the dawn of day, and the nightinown, their politeness will be entirely artifi-gale at even, so, should we show forth the cial, and used only when interest and policy loving kindness of the Lord-every morn dictate. True politeness-is perfect freedom ing, and his faithfulness—every night. 4. and ease, treating others—just as you love to Is not the science of salvation--the greatest be treated. Nature-is always graceful: af- of all the sciences? fectation, with all her art, can never produce anything half so pleasing. The very perfection of elegance-is to imitate nature; how much better-to have the reality, than the

Without a star, or angel-for their guide,
Who worship God, shall find him: humble Love,
(And not proud Reason,) keeps the door of heaven
Love-finds admission, where Science-fails.

395. MODULATION-signifles the accom- Maxims. 1. The follies of youth--are food for modation of the voice, (in its diversifications repentance-in old age. 2. Truth-may languish of all these principles,) to every variety and but it can never die. 3. When a vain man heart shade of thought and feeling. The upper another praised. he thinks himself injured. 4. An pitches of voice, we know, are used in calling tiquity-is not always a mark of truth. 5. Tha trial is not fair-where affection is judge. t persons at a distance, for impassioned emphasis of certain kinds, and for very earnest Business-is the salt of life. 7. Dependence-is & arguments; the middle pitches-for general poor trade. 8. He, who lives upon hope, has bu a slender diet. 9. Always taking out of the mes conversation, and easy familiar speaking, of a descriptive and didactic character; and the Lower ones, for cadences, and the exhibition of emphasis in grave and solemn reading and peaking.

tub, and never putting in, soon comes to the bot

tom. 10. He, who thinks to deceive God, deceive himself

Anecdote. An ill thing. Xenophanus an old sage, was far from letting a false mo desty lead him into crime and indiscretion, when he was upbraided, and called timorous, because he would not venture his money at any of the games. "I confess," said ne, "that I am exceedingly timorous, for I dare not do an ill thing.

396. Who can describe, who delineate the cheering, the enlivening ray? who-the looks of love? who-the soft benignant vibrations of the benevolent eye? who-the twilight, the day of hope? who-the internal efforts of the mind, wrapt in gentleness and humility, to effect good, to diminish evil, and Education. It is the duty of the instrucincrease present and eternal happiness? who tors of youth to be patient with the dull, and --all the secret impulses and powers, collect- steady with the froward,-to encourage the ed in the aspect of the defender, or energy of timid, and repress the insolent,-fully to emtruth? of the bold friend, or subtle foe-of ploy the minds of their pupils, without overwisdom? who--the poet's eye, in a fine burdening them, to awaken their fear, phrenzy rolling, glancing from heaven--to without exciting their dislike,--to communiearth, from earth--to heaven, while imagina-cate the stores of knowledge, according to the tion--bodies forth the form of things un-capacity of the learner, and to enforce obedi

known.

Notes. The pitch of the voice is exceedingly important in every branch of our subject, and particularly, in the higher parts; the eighth note; for it will be harsh and unpleasant to the ear, and

and this among the rest. You must not often raise your voice to

very apt to break: nor drop it to the first note; for then your articulation will be difficult and indistinct, and you cannot impart any life and spirit to your manner and matter; as there is little or o compass below this pitch: both these extremes must be carerully avoided.

Patrick Henry's Treason. When this worthy patriot, (who gave the first impulse to the ball of the revolution,) introduced his celebrated resolution on the stump act, in the Virginia House of Burgesses, in 1765, as he descanted on the tyranny of that obnoxious act, exclaimed-" Cesar-had his Brutus; Charles the First, his Cromwell; and George the Third"--" Treason!" cried the speaker; "treasom; treason; TREASON;" re-echoed from every part of the house. It was one of those trying moments, which are decisive of character; but Henry faltered not for an instant; and rising to a loftier attitude, and Axing on the speaker--an eye, flashing with fire, continued--"may PROFIT--by these examples: if this be treason, make the most

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ence by the strictness of discipline. Above all, it is their bounden duty, to be ever on the watch, and to check the first beginnings of vice. For, valuable as knowledge may be, virtue is infinitely more valuable; and worse than useless are these mental accomplishments, which are accompanied by depravity

of heart.

Varieties. 1. Can charcoal-paint fire; chalk-light, or colors-live and breathe? 2. Tattlers are among the most despicable of bad things; yet even they-have their use; for they serve to check the licentiousness— of the tongues of those, who, without the fear of being called to account, through the instru mentality of these babbling knaves, would run riot in backbiting and slander.

"Tis the mind, that makes the body rich;
And, as the sun-breaks the darkest cloud,
So, honor-peareth-in the meanest habit.
No: let the eagle-change his plume,
The leaf-its hue, the flow'r-its bloom;
But ties-around the heart were spun,
That could not, would not, be undone.

Oh, who-the exquisite delights can tell,
The joy, which mutual confidence imparts?
Or who can paint the charm unspeakable,
Which links. in tender bands. two faithful hearts?
6. Many things- are easier felt, than told.
7. It is no proof of a man's understanding,
to be able to affirm-whatever he pleases;
but, to be able to discern, that what is true,
is true, and that what is false, is false-is the
mark and character of intelligence.

Nature-sells everything for labor.

397. MODULATION CONTINUED. The Maxims. 1. A broad hat-does not always situation of the public reader and speaker, cover a wise head. 2. Burn not your house—: calls for the employment of the most refined frighten away the mice. 3. Drinking water, nerart in the management of his voice: he ther makes a man sick, nor his wife a widow. 4 should address a whole assembly with as He has riches enough, who need neither borrow much apparent ease and pleasure to himself or flatter. 5. True wisdom-is to know what is best worth knowing, and to do what is best worth and audience, as tho' there were but a single doing. 6. Many things appear too bad to keep, and person present. In addressing an auditory, too good to throw away. 7. Keep a thing seven which meets for information, or amuseyears, and you will find use for it. 8. We cannot ment, or both, the judicious speaker-will pluck thorns from another's bosom, without plaadopt his ordinary and most familiar voice; cing roses in our own. 9. Better a half loaf than to show that he rises without bias, or preju- no bread. 10. Draw not thy bow before the arrow dice, that he wishes reason, not passion, should be fixed. guide them all. He will endeavor to be Experience. By what strange fatality heard by the most distant hearers, without is it, that having examples before our eyes, we offending the ear of the nearest one, by mak-do not profit by them? Why is our experi. ing all his tones audible, distinct and na-ence, with regard to the misfortunes of others, tural.

Friendship! thou soft, propitious power,

Sweet regent of the social hour,

Sublime thy joys, nor understood,

But by the virtuous, and the good.

Ambition is, at a distance, A goodly prospect, tempting to the view; The height delights us, and the mountain-top Looks beautiful, because 'tis near to heaven; But we never think how sandy's the foundation; [it. What storms will batter, and what tempests shake O be a man; and let proud reason-tread In triumph, on each rebel passion's head. At thirty, man suspects himself a fool; Knows it at forty, and reforms his plan; At fifty, chides his infamous delay, Pushes his pruder: purpose-to resolve, In all the magnanimity of thought, Resolves and re-resolves-then, dies the same. 398. Some tell us, that when commencing an address, the voice should be directed to those most distant; but this is evidently wrong. At the beginning, the mind is naturally clear and serene, the passions unawakened; if the speaker adopt this high pitch, how can it be elevated, afterwards, agreeably to those emotions and sentiments, which require still higher pitches? To strain the voice thus, destroys all solemnity, weight and dignity, and gives, to what one says, a squeaking effeminacy, unbecoming a manly and impressive speaker; it makes the voice harsh and unmusical, and also produces

hoarseness.

Anecdote. Speculation. A capitalist, and shrewd observer of men and things, being asked, what he thought of the speculations now afloat, replied-"They are like a cold bath, to derive any benefit from which, it is necessary to be very quick in, and very soon out."

Not to the ensanguin'd field of death alone
Is valor limited: she sits-serene

In the deliberate council; sagely scans
The source of action; weighs, prevents, provides,
And scorns to count her glories, from the feats
Of brutal force alone.

of so little use? In a word, why is it, thet we are to learn wisdom and prudence at our own expense? Yet such is the fate of man! Surrounded by misfortunes, we are supplied with means to escape them; but, blinded by caprice, prejudice and pride, we neglect the proffered aid, and it is only by the tears we shed, in consequence of our own errors, that We learn to detest them.

Varieties. 1. Give to all persons, whom you respect, (with whom you walk, or whom you may meet,) especially ladies, the wall side of the walk or street. 2. If we think our evil allowable, tho' we do it not, it is ap propriated to us. 3. Why does the pendulum of a clock-continue to move! Because of the uniform operation of gravitation. What is gravitation? 4. Humility—is the child of wisdom: therefore, beware of selfconceit, and an unteachable disposition. 5. Psychology-is the science, that treats of the essence—and nature of the human soul, and of the mode--by which it flows into the actions of the body. 6. The true way to store the memory is to develop the affections. 7. The only way to shun evils, or sins, is to fight against them. 8. Reading and observation-are the food of the young intellect, and indispensable to its growth. 9. Is it pos sible, that heart-friends will ever separate? 10. All effects are produced by life, and no

ture

Now vivid stars shine out, in brightening files,
And boundless ather glows, till the fair moon
Shows her broad visage-in the crimson'd east;
Now, stooping, seems to kiss the passing cloud,
Now, o'er the pure cerulean-rides sublime.
Nature, great parent! whose directing hand
Rolls round the seasons-of the changing year,
How mighty, how majestic, are thy works!
With what a pleasant dread-they swell the soul,
That sees, astonish'd, and astonish'd, sings!
You too, ye winds, that now begin to blow,
With boist'rous sweep, I raise my voice to you.
Where are your stores, you viewless being, sa7,
Where your aerial magazines--reserved
Against the day of temp st perilous

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