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afterward commanded another regiment, under General Scott, in the campaign from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico. Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston commanded the first regiment of Texians, but its term of service was short, after which he served on General Taylor's staff until his reappointment to the United States Army, from which he resigned to take service under the Republic of Texas in 1836. 'Major Walter P. Lane also performed important service under General Taylor. The war between the United States and Mexico continued until February 2, 1848, when a treaty of peace was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, and the United States army evacuated Mexico in the following June.

RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL.

At no time did the Mexicans attempt to impose or enforce the Roman Catholic religion upon the colonies: its growth, however, kept pace with the increase of population, many of the immigrants being Catholics.

It could not be expected that churches and schools could flourish while the colonies were struggling for existence against dangers and harassments from their enemies; yet families brought the religion in which they had been trained with them, and planted it in the new country, and watched over its growth with jealous care.

Protestant ministers occasionally visited the country at a very early period, and preached in the cabins of their friends, or conducted a camp-meeting, and always without molestation from priest or government official.

To the Rev. Henry Stephenson of the Methodist Church is accredited the preaching of the first Protestant sermon, in the year 1818, on the Texas side of the Red River, and in 1824 he preached a sermon west of the Brazos.

In 1825 a sermon was preached in the cabin of Mr. Moses Shipman, on the Brazos, by a Baptist minister named Joseph Bags. In 1828 Mr. Thomas J. Pilgrim, a Baptist, preached i

in the cabin of Mr. Josiah H. Bell, at Columbia. He established the first Sunday-school, in 1829, at San Felipe. The previous year the Rev. Sumner Bacon of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, reputed to be a zealous champion of Christianity, preached in different parts of the country. In 1832 he was sent into Texas by a Nashville association for the distribution of the Bible.

At a camp-meeting in Austin County in 1835 a quarterly conference was organized. Mr. Alexander Thompson was chairman, and Mr. David Ayres secretary. Rev. J. W. Kinney, Rev. Wm, P. Smith, and Rev. Win. Wedford were local preachers.

In11837 the Methodists sent from the United States Rev. Martin Ruter, Rev. Littleton Fowler, and Rev. Robert Alexander as missionaries. Mr. Alexander survived his compatriots many years and closed his labors as agent of the American Bible Society.

In 1838 Rev. Caleb S. Ives of the Episcopal Church was sent to Matagorda and adjoining counties. In Matagorda he built up a school of great value to the country. On the 14th of January, 1841, Rev. Benjamin Eaton arrived in Galveston, and in February, 1843, the Rev. Charles S. Gillette became rector at Austin.

Texas was without a resident bishop until 1859 (Bishop Freeman of Arkansas had extended his missionary visits over the country), when Rt. Rev. Alexander Gregg of South Carolina was ordained and came immediately to this laborious field. In 1874 Texas was divided between Bishop Gregg in the south, Bishop Alexander C. Garrett in the north and east, and Bishop Elliott the southwest.

In 1838 an Old School Presbyterian church was organized in Galveston by Rev. John McCullough, who also built up a large and excellent school; and the same year another in Houston by Rev. Wm. Y. Allen, and at San Augustine another by Rev. Hugh Wilson.

In May, 1837, several ministers formed themselves into an association lilled "The Ecclesiastical Committee of Vigilant*: tor Texas." They had a committee of correspondence, the object being to protect the ministry against imposition*.

Tn 1837 Charles, Count de Farnesse, came with propositions booking to the separation of the Roman Catholic Church of Texas from diocesan connection with Monterey, in Mexico, and the erection of Texas into an archbishopric, directly connected with the See of Rome. One of the advantages of bis plan, it was claimed, would be peace with Mexico through the influence of the Court of Rome, and a recognition by all Catholic foreign courts. It startled the people of Texas to find among his plans the aid of the government in furnishing jiot only building ground for churches, houses for curates and schools, but to accord to the archhishop, clergy, masters, and mistresses of schools each twelve hundred and eighty acres of land. All the rites and canons of the Church were to be strictly observed under the protection of the government. This proposal was not accepted.

In IHK» Iiev. John M. Odin, commissioned as Roman Catholic Vicar-General of Texas, accompanied by several missionaries, came into Texas from Perry County, Missouri. He thereby became the hoadof the Church in Texas. Bishop Odin abounded in laborious and successful service for his people, and was greatly esteemed and beloved by all who knew him. Ho was afterward Archbishop of New Orleans, and died in his native France in 1870.

Governor Henderson was succeeded by Governor George T. Wood in 1847. He was a Georgian. He had been identified with Texas since 1836. as a member of Congress during the Republic and in the State Senate. In the United

(iOVUIiNOtt WOOD'S ADMINISTRATION-.

States and Mexican war he commanded a regiment in the storming of Monterey. Wood County, Texas, was named for him, as was Greer County for Lieutenant-Governor John A. Greer, who was'elected with Governor Wood in 1847, and re-elected in 1849.

Governor Wood urged the payment of the revolutionary debt, and also the claim of Texas to Santa Fe, or all of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande. This claim had lain idle since the disastrous Santa Fe expedition, until Governor Henderson revived its consideration in the Legislature of 1847. On the annexation of Texas the United States took military possession of Santa Fe, and in the treaty between Mexico and the United States in 1848 it was ceded to the latter as territory belonging to Mexico.

Questions.—Whom did General Taylor encounter opposite Matamoras f Did hesucceed in crossing? What did he do? What are they now called? What of the scouts under. Captain Thornton? Why did General Taylor move the main body of his troops to Point Isabel? What occurred at Palo Alto on the 8th? On the 9th? What of Matamoras? What other Texas officers were engaged in the war? What was the duration of this war? What of the growth of the Roman Catholic religion? What of the religion of the colonists? What was done by Protestant ministers? Who is credited with preaching the first sermon? What can you tell of other denominations? Whom did the Methodist missionaries first send into Texas? What can you tell of the earliest labors of the Episcopal Church? When did the first Episcopal bishop arrive? Who was he? What of the Old School Presbyterians? What religious association was formed in 1837? What proposition was made to the Texas government in 1837? What were the striking features of this proposition? What distinguished Roman Catholic priest arrived in 1840? What can you tell of Bishop Odin' Who succeeded Henderson in November, 1847 t What measures did Governor Wood strongly urge 1

CHAPTER LVTII.

CLAIM TO SANTA FE REVIVED.

In 1848 the Texas Legislature revived her claim to Santa Fe, and attempted to establish civil jurisdiction in the territory, sending Judge Spruce M. Baird as a district judge there. This the United States, through the military, disregarded, and the people elected a territorial delegate to Congress.

Governor Wood was succeeded in December, 1849, by Peter Hansborough Bell, a native Virginian, and a private soldier at San Jacinto. He had also served in the Republic and State in several capacities. John A. Greer became Lieutenant-Governor.

The revolutionary debt was still unpaid ; the claim to Santa Fe was still asserted by Texas, and denied by the United States; disturbances of land titles, growing out of attempts by certain parties or companies to locate upon lands to which there were prior claims, were disquieting elements to the country.

DISASTERS TO CROPS.

The year 1849 was a disastrous year for the crops. On the night of April l6th there fell a heavy frost. Corn ifl^he southwest was killed in the tassel; cotton, then making bolls, was entirely cut down, and sugar-cane materially damaged. This was followed by a prolonged drought which prevented replanting. Texas was not in a condition to bear such disasters. Many left for California to dig for gold, renting, selling at low figures, or abandoning their lands for the time being.

In 1850 Texas creditors, being urgent for a settlement of their claims, applied to the United States Congress; and, after much discussion by both parties, Texas agreed to the sale of the Santa Fe territory to that country—ninetyeight thousand square miles for ten million dollars. Out of this the revolutionary debt was paid by Texas; the State taxes released to the counties for four years, for building court houses and jails ; a State Capitol and other public buildings were erected, and a State Penitentiary was established at Huntsville. The United States reserved from the ten million dollars the sum of five million dollars, to indem