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at last made up his mind that the savage took this way of testing his friendship. They stopped at Battle Creek where a dance was in progress and remembered the fiddler and instrument well. The usual price of a good Indian pony was $100. He built one of the first cow-catchers ever used on the railroads.

Mr. Edwin C. Snow gave some pioneer experiences as a printer. His wages were low and many times his only food was dry bread and none too plenty at that. He married and settled in the county afterwards, and seemed to think it wonderful that he raised ten children five of whom had blue eyes and the other five brown. His brother was older having been born in 1818 and taught school for fifty-three years.

Miss Anna Gales Fellows of Schoolcraft who was the daughter of Col. Abiel Fellows who came to Kalamazoo in 1829, gave some interesting items. Her father was the first postmaster in the county and made the first tax assessment, carried the mail from Elkhart, Indiana to Kalamazoo Prairie. He organized the first school district in Prairie Ronde, owned the first sawmill there, built the first house, getting his lumber from Bronson. He was buried from the new house built on the same farm, in 1833.

Haas's orchestra opened the closing evening session, with selections from patriotic airs. Dr. Slocum of Kalamazoo College spoke on the value of historical work and hoped the lessons received from the State Society and its work would bring forth results. Mr. Winslow urged the formation of a local society. The appointment of a committee for this purpose was proposed which resulted in the following names: George Winslow, chairman, Dr. Slocum, Mrs. A. J. Mills, Albert Little, all of Kalamazoo and Miss A. Thomas, Schoolcraft.

Mrs. M. B. Ferrey was called upon by the president to suggest work that could properly be done by county societies. She approved of the plan of Mr. Winslow, of making a card catalogue of short biographies of the pioneers, these to be deposited in the largest public library in the county. All historic spots should be located and suitably marked. The outlook was encouraging from the increased interest in the study of history. She mentioned recent markers placed by the citizens of Adrian, Tecumseh, White Pigeon, Grand Rapids, Detroit, Marquette, Mackinac and Monroe. Children should be encouraged in this work and more history studied in our schools. The Daughters of the American Revolution of Menominee offered a prize for the best history of the city and this was taken by a foreigner.

The orchestra gave selections from old familiar songs which were well received by the audience.

Mrs. Henry Hulst in charge of English work in the Grand Rapids schools gave a fine paper on "Indian Myths and Legends." Many of these she

collected from descendants of the Indians. She expects to put this in form for use in our schools and for library work among the children. Mrs. Hulst's clear, strong voice and engaging manner gave additional charm to her work.

Mr. Hemans gave an address as he said of "A Pioneer by One of Them." He recounted the life and labors of the Boy Governor, Stevens T. Mason. Mr. Hemans for some time has been engaged on a volume on the life of our first governor but the stress of public and private business has rendered its completion impossible. We hope soon to see it in book form. Mrs. Ferrey read a memoir of Capt. C. E. Foote, written by Auditor-General O. B. Fuller.

After a selection by the orchestra, Mr. Albert Little, of Litchfield, gave an account of his trip to Michigan in pioneer days, coming from Vermont by stage, Erie Canal and lake schooners, followed by a two weeks ride in a wagon drawn by two oxen, reaching Galesburg, November 11, 1831. He built a mill at Prairie Ronde. A trip from White Pigeon to Galesburg and return consumed two weeks. Frank Little died on South street. He had a log house 24x18 with an attic. Ralph Tuttle and wife occupied part, one-half being the Little home, and the other remaining half the Tuttle. First mill at Comstock was built by Richmond. In 1835 he removed to Grandville securing 1,500 acres government land, trading with Judge Hinsdale of Richmond, father of Mrs. Lucinda Hinsdale Stone. The land office was at White Pigeon. He spoke of as much as $30,000 being brought into the hotels in bags and these were left like hand baggage now, and found perfectly safe.

William Strong said postage was twenty-five cents per letter; his grandfather, who was county clerk, received a letter and was obliged to borrow money to pay the postage, but was fully repaid because the letter contained one dollar, leaving him seventy-five cents to the good. He attended school in what is now district number three. There were in all thirty-two pupils, tuition was paid in one quarter wood and one quarter board. They rode in a box cart, five boys of them and when the pin came out they were all dumped into the mud. They called at a neighbors who attempting to be hospitable gave them sourkrout for refreshments. He said five cents then looked to them as large as a cart

wheel.

Professor Waldo was called on and said he would not confine researches to the county alone, that such great historical wealth was hidden away and constantly being discovered. Parkman, the French, and the early missionaries could be studied and even elucidated. He had advocated the preservation of personal pioneer accounts and records. The difference of 1831 and 1832 he thought showed that dollars unprotected in those days were safer than cents now.

Smith H. Carleton said he was ninety years old and planted the first shade trees in Kalamazoo. Mark Lee was their teacher and it was no uncommon thing to have to change teachers five or six times during the winter, the boys turning them out.

E. M. Crane who was born in Albion attempted to give a short sketch of himself when someone asked him for his experience as a collector. He declared himself to be at home on this subject having opened mounds in New York, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and California. had kept records of 536 mounds he had assisted in uncovering. He scouted the idea of their being used as tombs saying the Indians used scaffolding or trees on account of the snakes but were taught by the settlers to use mounds. He found few mounds below Natchez, most of them lying north. He thought the mounds antedated the Indians perhaps by a thousand years. In one mound he only found four bones of the ear. At Laporte he opened twenty-six mounds. He gave a very interesting description of his work displaying much knowledge and judg ment. Mr. Burton said E. Lakin Brown who had been mentioned was an uncle of Mr. Scott who had recently left half a million dollars for a fountain on Belle Isle.

After music by the orchestra an opportunity was given for the people to meet President Burton and Mr. Hemans. Thus closed one of the most successful mid-winter meetings the society has ever experienced. A resolution of thanks was offered by Mr. Jenks and seconded by Mr. Bement to be sent to each of the following persons and organizations: The Commercial Club.

Ladies' Library Club.

Twentieth Century Club.

Daughters American Revolution.

George C. Winslow, president local committee.

The local newspapers for excellent reports.

Very Rev. Dean F. O'Brien, local member State Society.

Officers and teachers, Nazareth Academy.

- Mr. George F. Larned, charge of Loan Exhibits.

Haas' Orchestra, Gaynor Club and others for music, speakers and citizens.

ANNUAL MEETING, SENATE CHAMBER, JUNE 7 AND 8, 1911

Wednesday afternoon, June 7, 1911, the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society opened the thirty-seventh annual meeting in the Senate Chamber at the Capitol. A good attendance of members and visitors were appreciative of the program presented for their approval. Twenty little folks from the Larch street school sang a folk song "Twenty Froggies" in costume. This was followed by the opening prayer by Rev. William Putnam of this city.

President C. M. Burton of Detroit gave a short address and said in part: "The meetings of the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society are distinctly an old people's meeting. It is where the remaining pioneers gather to discuss the affairs and incidents of the past, and the younger generations gather to learn of the things gone before at first hand. Some of the faces are not here this year that we usually see, quite a number having been called away.

"The past year has been one of good work for the Society as any we have ever had. We have published our annual volume of early history and are preparing others. During the past winter we presented to the legislature our bill for the annual amount for our sustenance, with $2,000 added for our growth and expansion in the work. Most of you know the result. The legislators appreciated the great work we are doing and the bill passed easily and unanimously both houses. When it came up to the Governor it was vetoed. The most of us believe the Governor acted upon the impulse of the moment, as it was thought it might well be taken care of by the State Library. However, no provision was made for such a course and this Society was left without any support. There is one thing very sure, that we will never lie down. The Society must be kept alive and the members must put their shoulders to the wheel.

"This Society was founded by a Governor and is one of the departments in the development of the State not to be overlooked. These semi-annual meetings bring together the pioneers, help to preserve the official records that otherwise might be lost. There is no State in the United States with so much historical matter in store as Michigan. We have issued thirty-nine volumes of this history and we have originated a custom that no other State in the Union has done in the gift of its books to the public schools. Wisconsin has $70,000 annually to keep up its historical work. We have the grandest Society in the United States and have done our work on only $4,000 a year. I am sure that if in two years from

now, the present Governor is still governor, he will allow us a greater amount than ever before."

The report of the Secretary H. R. Pattengill in his absence was read by Mr. C. E. Bement. There have been thirty-eight new members added, and eleven members called away by death, among them, Mrs. Mary E. Warner, who died June 5, 1911.

Mrs. M. B. Ferrey read the report of the Treasurer, B. F. Davis, in his absence. "Stars of a Summer Night" was the selection given by the Boys' Glee Club of the High School, under the direction of Prof. J. W. Stevens.

Mr. S. L. Smith of Detroit was called upon by the president and gave a short talk. He spoke briefly of the changes in conditions of life since pioneer days and of the energetic, pushing, ambitious businesslike Americans, far ahead of nations who already have acquired what they want. At the request of the Society he will prepare a paper for the next meeting. Theodore Potter, a former member of the Society and well-known by everyone was the subject of a tribute given by his close and admiring friend Rev. William Putnam.

The memoir of Judge John C. Patterson of Marshall compiled by Miss M. Agnes Burton of Detroit was read by Mrs. Nathan Judson. James Morse of the Michigan Agricultural College delightfully entertained the audience with two selections: "Angus McDonald" Roeckel and as an encore sang, "My Little Gypsy Sweetheart" from the "Fortune Teller." Miss Louise Freyhofer of East Lansing was the accompanist.

"Aunt Emily Ward" whose picture shown in the frontispiece of the program was the subject of a paper by Mrs. George N. Jones of Marine City. Mr. Burton also spoke briefly in regard to Aunt Emily's "boys." He referred to the Mesdames Turner, Longyear, Turner and Webber, the four sisters who were in attendance at the meeting. Mr. Burton in announcing the reception said of Mrs. Elizabeth Horner Burling, "When in 1832 Stevens T. Mason was Secretary of State, by order of his office he was governor ex-officio of Michigan until the appointment of Governor Porter, and again in 1834 he was the Democratic governor ex-officio. The Whigs were in power in the national government and as Michigan was not yet a state, they removed Mason and appointed John Scott Horner in 1835. He remained only a short time here. His daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Horner Burling, will be the guest of honor at the reception." "Tis Better to be Laughing than be Sighing" from "Lucrezia Borgia" was sung by Miss Margaret Gilray of Sault Ste. Marie. She responded to an encore with "Loch Lomond" which closed the afternoon's program.

The evening's meeting was opened by two songs by the choir of Industrial School for Boys. This was followed by the memoir of P. Dean

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