as gold and is as good demand. The trade was hardly completed before I saw he had much the better of the bargain, and for that reason it was several days before I showed the watch to my father. When I did and told him what I traded for it, he asked me if we didn't have any thing else that Cooley wanted, which assured me that my opinion was good as to who got the better of the trade. But I resolved to even up with him which I did later on in a horse trade, and felt content when my father said to me, "James you are even now on the yeller watch trade." These are only a few of the pleasant incidents that happened during the early history of Albion, but I was not asked to relate incidents, but to present the early life of Albion and Mr. Crowell's connection with it. His words of encouragement went into each one's life, and he was interested in all of our infant industries, in fact was the moving spirit that fostered them and insured their success. To the farmer his presence was encouragement; he was his banker, his provider; in time of need he furnished him storage for his surplus grain; all that was asked to show for it was his wheat receipt, which was redeemed with cash or placed to the credit of the seller as he wished.

As I listen to the church bells ringing, the thought often comes to me that the peals of gladness are only the echo of the words of encouragement given the infant society by him years ago. These he gave to all denominations alike, also material aid, thereby making it possible for us to have the number of churches and their bells; and the added thought, that they may be ringing his praise, in unison with praise to God who created such a man and blessed Albion by placing him with us. He made no profession of religion, was not a member of any church, yet he contributed to the support of the Methodist Church. [I am of the opinion that he did to all of the churches.] In the Methodist Church, his slips were in the southeast corner, and were regarded as free seats, but from the fact of their being very desirable ones were used for the guests of the church on state occasions, when not occupied by him or his friends.

When I was asked, by the Jesse Crowell Monument Association, to prepare and present the above facts, it was thought proper to present them at this time, and especially so for the reason the meeting was called to convene here for the purpose of gaining and preserving as much of Calhoun county and Albion history as possible, and that could not be written without giving Mr. Crowell a prominent place. What he did was public property, all in attendance would be interested, that we would also refer to what was being done to perpetuate his memory, this to be considered as addressed to our home people, and his friends wherever they may reside who desire to aid us in our work and not as an appeal to visitors who have shown an interest in the Michigan

Pioneer and Historical Society, and Albion. To do this makes it necessary to look at the facts as presented to us as an association. As has been stated in an unlucky hour he listened to bad counsel, and his property was exhausted, and to-day he lies in an unmarked grave. The Association has been organized for the purpose of erecting a suitable monument to perpetuate his memory; one of small dimensions would best suit him, were he here to express his wishes, but it is the desire of the Association to erect a suitable monument to represent him, his noble nature and his works. It has been my privilege and pleasure to view our nation's gift to the memory of Washington, in the City of Washington; a shaft 555 feet high, the highest monument erected to the memory of man. And it is right that it should be, as he was the greatest man mentioned in our history. "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." The Association feel that they want to erect the finest one to the memory of Mr. Crowell that shall adorn the grounds of our beautiful "Riverside Cemetery." To do this we must have money. It is our desire that all persons in our community give all they can to aid in carrying forward this work, and be ready to respond liberally when called upon, as time is money with the solicitors. Try and give as much as you can, instead of seeing how little will answer. To erect a small, cheap marker should not be done and will be regretted sometime by all. To do more means money and plenty of it.

It is well to remember that money is given us to be used and not to hoard. It has its value this side of the grave not beyond. What we put to good use we never regret. All who live here and are enjoying the comforts and pleasures made possible by the early efforts of Jesse Crowell should regard it a privilege to contribute to this cause. Robert Y. Finch is president, H. M. Dearing secretary and treasurer of the Monument Association; either of them will receive your contributions. Citizens of Albion! our streets and public parks were dedicated to the public, by Jesse Crowell, and yet not one bears his name. It seems proper that his name should be given to our beautiful park on North Superior street, and what ever is necessary to accomplish this will be done at no distant day, and it is hoped that all will join in having this done.

GREETING

BY GEORGE W. STONE1

There are a great many things of which the old pioneers of Calhoun county may well be proud. The county contains 720 square miles-in 1837 the population was 4,863 or a fraction over six inhabitants to the square mile. In 1904 the population was 52,963 which gave about seventythree inhabitants to each square mile, making a gain on each section in the county of sixty-six inhabitants in seventy-one years. The resources in an early day were all the pioneer could ask notwithstanding that we had an abundance of fever and ague which was a sure sign that any man too lazy to shake would not remain long in the county, which accounts for its rapid progress and prosperity.

Calhoun was blessed with an abundance of fine water, as pure and clear as crystal, coming from springs, brooks, creeks and beautiful lakes all over the county and mostly emptying into the Kalamazoo River which finally makes its course westward to Lake Michigan. The timber was plentiful-white, red and burr oak, hickory, basswood, black walnut and tamarack which were used for buildings and fences. We also had plenty of what we boys called "popple," that we used for making whistles. The soil was very rich. A large portion of the county was burr-oak openings. The yield of our products consisting principally of wheat, corn, oats, rye, hay, potatoes and vegetables, horses, cattle, sheep and hogs makes us rank with the best counties in Michigan.

We certainly can lay claim to some large manufacturing interests. Three of our cities have a population of 31,517, which is one-half of the entire population of the whole county-Albion, 4,943; Battle Creek, 22,213; Marshall, 4,361. Calhoun county's record during the Civil War is in my estimation and in the estimation of every individual who loves his country, the crowning glory of all. She furnished more soldiers during the Civil War, according to her population, than any county in the State, only four counties contributing more, as is shown in the following report:

Is this not a record of which to be proud?

You may think from my enthusiasm that I am a native of Calhoun county, but I am not. I was brought from New York City and transplanted here in 1856 when seven years old. On my arrival I was friendless and homeless. I was taken in, clothed, fed and sent to school and given the name I now bear. The only way I can ever recompense Simeon A. Stone and his wife, my good old foster father and mother, is never to disgrace, but always aim to honor my adopted name. No boy ever had better parents. My father Stone came to see me at Richmond, Va., while I was in the hospital during the war.

I meet here today many old pioneers whom I have known over fifty years. They all know my boyhood history and I speak of it here to assure them I appreciate what Albion and Albion people did for me, a homeless, friendless orphan.

MARSHALL MEN AND MARSHALL MEASURES IN STATE AND NATIONAL HISTORY1

BY JOHN C. PATTERSON

INTRODUCTION

Emerson has said, "An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man." It can with equal propriety be said that a beneficent achievement and a progressive reform are the lengthened shadow of some efficient leader seemingly raised up for the purpose, whose influence on mankind is beyond measure. Marshall has had several such leaders, men who have formulated measures, perfected governmental policies and have set in motion political forces which have brought forth results and have produced consequences of far-reaching magnitude. While as citizens of Marshall, we cherish a local pride in claiming them as pioneer citizens of our city, we cannot claim them as all our own, for their work, influence and achievements were not confined to our city, county or State, but have been rendered, exercised and felt over the United States, and in fact over the whole world. This city, this State, this nation and the world at large are under lasting obligations to Isaac E. Crary, the founder of the public school system of Michigan, to John D. Pierce,3 the organizer of the said public school system and the father of the Homestead Exemption Law of Michigan, and to Charles T. Gorham, Oliver C. Comstock, Jr., Asa B. Cook, Jarvis Hurd, John M. Easterly, George 'Delivered at midwinter meeting, Jan. 13, 1909.

See sketch, Vol. XIV, p. 282, this series.

See sketch, Vol. XXXV, p. 295, this series and Bingham Biographies, 582.