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much courage and heroism as the defence of a fort or valor on the battlefield. The victory of peace rivals the victory of war.

Hon. Junius E. Beal, regent of the University of Michigan and a member of the Public Domain Commission, made a plea for the conservation of the State's resources. The immense wealth gathered from the destruction of one of Michigan's greatest sources of riches has become personal and has passed beyond her control, but the restoration of the pine barrens, which should result in new forests, might again bring life and wealth to her acres. He bespoke the cooperation of this society. to aid in the preservation of the natural as well as the necessary historical resources.

Hon. Joseph Greusel of Detroit spoke briefly of Michigan's importance in the making up of the nation. It was the port of entry for all neighboring States. From the great advantages arising from the number and magnitude of its lakes it made for itself a prominent place on the map of our country and no less so in history. Its antiquity, its romances, its bravery and its leaders made records which the Society, though tardy in gathering, is now engaged industriously in collecting under the direction of the president of the Society. The results are apparent in the extension and betterment of the work.

Wednesday morning, January 26th, the officers and visitors were taken in carriages around the city giving them an opportunity to miraculous growth. Although in the depths of winter, the workmen with families were obliged to occupy tents which seemed in perfect accord with the pioneer part of the convention.

The afternoon session was opened with music, followed by the report of Rev. Father Frank J. O'Brien of Kalamazoo who was appointed delegate to represent the Society at the National meeting of Historical Societies held in New York.

Dr. Annie Rundell, of the Institution for the Deaf at Flint, delivered an interesting account of the work of the several State chapters of the Daughters of the American Revolution. This is essentially a patriotic order, its objects being to honor the memory of the brave heroes of the days of '76, mark historic sites, and especially to cultivate a taste for and knowledge how to secure and preserve all material connected with the history of our State. There are thirty chapters in Michigan which, be side the national work of erecting and furnishing a magnificent Continental Memorial hall at Washington, D. C., and presenting a handsome flag to the Battleship Michigan, have identified and suitably marked the graves of Revolutionary soldiers throughout the State. Many prizes have been offered to the pupils of the public schools for patriotic essays on given subjects or biographies of eminent men and women. In some instances flags have been presented schools and copies of the Declara

tion of Independence given, since this American Magna Charta has been sealed and laid away to save it from the ravages of time.

Clarence E. Bement of Lansing who had been announced for a talk on the previous evening, now took the platform. He spoke of the value of historical work and the debt the State owed Mr. C. M. Burton who stood, not only as the head of the work in Michigan, but who was well-known and respected by the historians and historical societies of the United States for his discoveries and historical knowledge. He had devoted both time and means to the betterment of this Society. He congratulated the citizens of Genesee County on the wealth of historic material to be gathered by them with its early settlements, its unique Indian settings, the home of two governors of the State, a justice of the Supreme Court, and many others high in official places, making it rank among the first in importance. Mr. Bement advocated the culture of love of history among the children. If more time were devoted to its study it would necessitate better material and preparation. emphasized the fact that the time was ripe for a proper historical building, one worthy of the work and creditable to Michigan.

Miss Loretta Morrisey of Flint followed with a piano solo. David Richards of Richfield gave "Reminiscences of Early Days" in such a vivid and truthful manner that the pioneers felt their own experiences repeated and could be heard to assent to these recollections with "That's right," or "I remember that."

Francis Cleary of Windsor, Ont., then read a paper on Old Fort Malden and Amherstburg.

The evening session was in charge of Dr. Willson who called on Hon. John Carton. He spoke of his personal knowledge of the work done by the Society as witnessed by him during his position as speaker of the house and president of the constitutional convention of 1907. While he did not lay claim to the privations of the early settlers, enough were left to struggling farmers with large families to enable them to realize and recognize the trials and successes of the pioneers.

A reply was received from the telegram to Hon. Thomas W. Palmer as follows:

"Your kind letter of congratulations on my eightieth birthday was received yesterday too late for a response. I thank you for your kind wishes. It is pleasant to be remembered even before you die."

Hon. William R. Bates ex-United States marshal, gave some exceedingly interesting items of early Flint. He citied the names of the lawyers, doctors, and ministers of 1870, very few of whom could respond to roll-call now. He gave a description of the newspapers of that day, the comparison of which reflected much glory on the Flint Daily Journal, which challenges quality from papers in other cities of the same size.

The sawmills of those days were the greatest assets, with lumber as king.

Dr. J. S. Willson, son-in-law of Governor Crapo and president of the Genesee County Pioneer and Historical Society, read a list of the names of people who had been residents of the county for more than forty years. Longevity is exemplified in Genesee. Dr. Willson also told of the first white family to settle in Flint, Uncle John and Aunt Polly Todd. They bought section 7 of Burton township, receiving 745 acres for $800. A greater part of the city of Flint is built on this land. The semi-centennial of Flint and dedication of its fine court-house had familiarized many early events heretofore unknown.

Rev. Seth Reed, one of the few circuit riders of the Methodist Episcopal Church, made a memorable speech. Mr. Reed has lived beyond the allotted time of man, yet retains his mental faculties and physical powers to a marvelous degree. He was connected with the Genesee County circuit and painted vividly the condition of the towns and villages in his district. His description of the Indian campmeeting we hope to embody in our volumes. Truly he has seen many years, which have been covered with honor and service.

Hon. E. O. Wood made some pertinent remarks, and expressed his regrets at his unavoidable absence from the meetings. Mrs. Florence S. Babbitt was called on and responded in an interesting manner. After a vote of thanks to the citizens of Flint and Genesee County for assistance in making the gathering so pleasant and profitable, the meeting adjourned.

A remarkable feature was the fact that not one person whose name was on the program failed to be present and perform his or her part. Father O'Brien's report of the meeting of the American Historical Society at New York was exceedingly interesting and showed us the great men of the country interested in this work. Rev. Seth Reed's presence was an inspiration to the young. Steps were taken to organize a permanent Genesee County Pioneer and Historical Society meeting to secure and preserve local history.

ANNUAL MEETING, JUNE 7 AND 8, 1910

The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society was held in the Senate chamber of the capitol, at Lansing, June 7th and 8th, 1910.

The program for Tuesday, June 7th, at 2 o'clock p. m., was opened with prayer by Rev. William Putnam, one of the oldest ministers in Lansing, followed by an address by Hon. C. M. Burton, of Detroit, president of the Society. H. R. Pattengill gave the report of the secretary. In the absence of B. F. Davis, Frederick Hopkins read the treasurer's report. A vocal selection, "June," was rendered by Mrs. F. O. Hesse. John E. Day, of Armada, an intimate friend for many years, prepared a memoir of George H. Cannon of Washington, Macomb County, Michigan. The paper was read by Mr. Pattengill, in the absence of Mr. Day, who was in attendance at the Macomb County Pioneer meeting.

An extended biography of Dr. William H. Haze, the oldest physician and minister of Lansing, was given by his daughter, Mrs. Angie Hungerford.

Judge Samuel Kilbourne gave a history of the life of Frederick M. Cowles, an early resident of Lansing, and an earnest, faithful attendant at the meetings of this society. One of his favorite customs was the presentation of a fine bouquet of flowers to the oldest member present.

Mrs. F. O. Hesse sang a very pleasing song, entitled "Summer." A paper was read by Clarence Frost of Adrian on "The Railroads of Southern Michigan." W. H. Anderson of Grand Rapids paid a glowing tribute to Delos Blodgett. The session closed with a vocal solo by Jane Barber, "The Year's at the Spring."

The exercises for the evening commenced at seven o'clock with a song "The Yellow and the Blue," by the choir of the State Industrial School for Boys. Dr. Blanche M. Haines of Three Rivers, Michigan, gave a paper on "French and Indian Footprints on the St. Joseph."

A vocal selection by Jane Barber, "Bendemere Stream," pleased the audience.

A portrait of Hon. Arthur Hill, presented by Mrs. Hill through the courtesy of A. H. Fish of Saginaw, was made the subject of an earnest and feeling sketch of Mr. Hill by his lifelong friend, William Donovan of Lansing. Then came an address on Regent Hill by James B. Angell, LLD., president emeritus of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. A vocal solo was given by Professor A. J. Patten of the Michigan Agricultural College, "O Thou Sublime Evening Star." The audience was

requested to pass into the governor's parlors to be present at a reception in charge of Col. Rogers, Detroit, given to President Angell, by Governor Warner, the Judges of the Supreme Court, State Officers, Dr. Snyder and faculty of the Michigan Agricultural College, officers of the Pioneer and Historical Society, Mayor of Lansing, Alumni of the University of Michigan, and citizens. In the absence of Mrs. Warner, the Governor was assisted by Mrs. A. T. Bliss, widow of ex-Governor Bliss. Refreshments were served in the corridors, and, by special request the Industrial School Boys repeated the "Yellow and the Blue," being highly complimented by Dr. Angell. The Alumni of the University held a meeting at which James M. Reasoner, State Reporter of the Supreme Court was made temporary chairman with power to nominate officers for permanent organization to co-operate with the State Historical Society, holding its meetings at the same date. The chairman of the committee was Walter Foster, with Miss Mary Nell McKay, Dr. Harry Haze, Prof. Allen, State Geologist, and Mrs. Frank McKibbin the other members. The two hundred resident graduates could easily make this an influential organization.

At the opening meeting Wednesday, June 8th, at two o'clock, Dr. J. J. Marker of Wayne, Michigan, sang "Song of Waiting," after which Mr. Burton appointed the following as a committee on election of officers for the ensuing year: Mrs. Mary C. Spencer, Rev. Collins, Messrs. Stockwell, Martin and Frost. These met in the office of the State librarian and presented the following ticket: C. M. Burton, president, Detroit; William L. Jenks, vice-president, Port Huron; Henry R. Pattengill, secretary, Lansing; B. F. Davis, treasurer, Lansing; Board of Trustees, Lawton T. Hemans, Mason; J. V. Barry, Lansing; Mrs. Nathan Judson, Lansing; Committee of Historians, Junius E. Beal, Ann Arbor; Rev. Frank O'Brien, Kalamazoo; Clarence E. Bement, Lansing; Joseph Greusel, Detroit; Judge J. H. Steere, Sault Ste. Marie; Collector, Mrs. Florence S. Babbitt, Ypsilanti, which report was unanimously adopted.

The program was then taken up by a paper on Names of Michigan Counties and their Derivation, by William L. Jenks of Port Huron. An intermission was announced during which punch and wafers were served.

Considerable discussion arose over Mr. Jenks' paper, and suggestions how to induce the different county pioneer societies to co-operate with this Society in regard to local work and regular meetings. Moved by Mr. Finney that the local pioneer societies of the State be notified from three to six months in advance of the annual meeting of the State Society, and that each society be requested to send annual reports and delegates. This was carried.

Auditor General O. B. Fuller gave a sketch of Charles E. Foote, Kalamazoo, Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic.

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