covered with columnar ciliated epithelium, and containing numerous tubular follicles, most numerous in the cervix; when their ducts become obliterated their secretion is retained, forming small vesicular elevations within os and cervix uteri called Ovula of

Naboth." = Ret. Cept.

Name the uterine vessels and nerves.

The

Arteries are the uterine, from internal iliac, and ovarian, from aorta, which pursue a very torturous course and freely anastomose. The veins accompany arteries and terminate in uterine plexuses; during pregnancy they are called uterine sinuses, consisting of the lining membrane of the vein adhering to the walls of canals channelled through uterine substance; the

Lymphatics, terminate in pelvic and lumbar glands; the

Nerves, are branches of inferior hypogastric, and spermatic plexuses, and of third and fourth sacral nerves.

What are the Fallopian tubes?

They are the oviducts, two tubes about four inches long, extending between layers of broad ligament on each side from superior angle of uterus to sides of pelvis; the canal of each tube is very minute at its commencement the ostium internum at the superior angle of the uterine cavity, continuing so for inner half, when it gradually widens into the trumpet-shaped ostium abdominale1o, called from the fringe-like fimbria which surround the opening-one of which is attached to ovary—the fimbriated extremity. Their walls are formed of a serous or peritoneal coat, a muscular, formed of longitudinal and circular fibres, and a mucous coat covered with ciliated columnar epithelium, continuous on one side with uterine lining, on other with peritoneum.

Describe the ovaries". Entirely in

They are two flattened, ovoid bodies suspended by their anterior margins from back of broad ligaments", behind and below Fallopian tubes, upon either side of uterus; they are attached by their inner extremities to uterus by the ovarian ligaments and by their outer ends to one of fimbria of Fallopian tube; their dimensions are, length, one and one-half inches; width, three-quarters of an inch; thickness, one-third of an inch. Jl. Le fest

Froll as siguet inring.

Mist Comery's Col. e.

Describe the structure of the ovaries.

They consist of numerous Graafian vesicles imbedded in a fibrous stroma, covered externally by modified peritoneum, having columnar instead of squamous cells.

The stroma consists of numerous spindle-cells with connective tissue and abundant blood vessels; the condensed peripheral layer surrounding the organ was formerly described as the tunica albuginea.

What are the Graafian vesicles?

Ovisacs, minute vesicles from one-one-hundredth of an inch in diameter, to even one-one-twentieth of an inch after puberty; microscopically, they are seen to consist of an external fibro-vascular coat connected with stroma by a vascular network, an internal coat, or ovicapsule lined by a layer of nucleated cells, the membrana granulosa, which are heaped up around ovum at that part of Graafian vesicle nearest the ovarian surface, forming the discus proligerus; it contains also a transparent, albuminous fluid, suspending the ovum in the immature vesicles.

Describe the human ovum.

It is a spherical mass of protoplasm, one-one-hundred and twenty-fifth of an inch in diameter, and consists of the

Vitelline membrane, or zona pellucida, a transparent sac surrounding the

Vitellus, or yelk, a fluid containing granules, among which is found the

Germinal vesicle, containing a smaller body, the

Germinal spot, one-thirty-six hundredths of an inch in diameter. What is the corpus luteum?

An irregular yellow spot in ovary at site of a ruptured Graafian vesicle, which differs in appearance according as it is a true or false corpus luteum.

Describe the differences between these two kinds of corpora lutea.

The true corpus luteum is that of pregnancy which increases up to a certain point, reaching sometimes the size of a mulberry, and usually does not entirely disappear until full term.

The false corpus luteum is that following ordinary menstruation, is much smaller, and disappears in about three months.

Name the ovarian arteries, veins, and nerves.

The arteries are the ovarian, from aorta, anastomosing with uterine artery; these vessels also supply Fallopian tubes; the

Veins follow arteries and form a plexus near ovary, called the Pumpiniform plexus; the nerves are derived from inferior hypogastric or pelvic plexus, from ovarian plexus, and the Fallopian tubes receive branches from one of the uterine nerves.

What is the parovarium?

It is also called the organ of Rosenmüller, is the remains of a foetal structure, and in the adult consists of a few closed epitheliallined, convoluted tubes, one commonly ending in a bulbous hydatid-like swelling; at its uterine end the parovarium is connected with the remains of the Wolffian duct-the duct of Gaertner.

The Mammary Glands.

Describe the mammæ.

They exist in both sexes, being in male only rudimentary, but in female are two large hemispherical eminences situated toward lateral aspect of pectoral region on each side, reaching from axilla to sternum, and from third to sixth or seventh ribs; just below the centre projects a small, dark-colored conical prominence, the nipple, surrounded by a lighter colored areola, in which are numerous prominent sebaceous glands, which enlarge during pregnancy; the color of both nipple and areola darken during pregnancy, and the latter also extends its area.

Describe the structure of the mammary glands.

They are composed of gland-tissue, of fibrous tissue connecting the lobes, and fatty tissue in intervals between lobules; the lobes consist of lobules formed of a number of rounded vesicles grouped about a small lactiferous tube into which their ducts open, which, by their union, finally form fifteen or twenty excretory ducts, or tubuli lactiferi, which converge toward the areolæ, dilating beneath it into the ampulle at base of nipple, when they contract into

straight tubes perforating the summit of the nipple; the lobules are surrounded by a dense capillary network during lactation, as is also the nippłe, which becomes erected when irritated, partly from fulness of blood, partly from contraction of its muscular tissue.

Name the vessels and nerves of the mammæ.

The arteries are derived from thoracic branches of axillary, intercostal, and internal mammary arteries; the

Veins form an anastomotic circle around the base of the nipple, called the circulus venosus, from which large vessels radiate to terminate in axillary and internal mammary veins; the

Lymphatics chiefly run along lower border of pectoralis major to axillary glands, a few pass through intercostal spaces to anterior mediastinal glands; the nerves come from anterior and lateral thoracic cutaneous.

THE ORGANS OF SENSE.

The Skin and its Appendages.

Of what parts does the skin consist?

Enumerate the accessory structures contained in the skin The tactile corpuscles, in-papillæ of sensitive parts.

Ducts of sweat-glands,

Hair-follicles, into which open passing through all the layers

sebaceous glands,

of the skin.

Where do sweat- and sebaceous-glands with the hair follicles lie?

Chiefly in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, but sometimes in the . deepest layers of the corium.

Describe the epidermis.

It is composed solely of epithelial cells, the deepest layer being columnar, more rounded in the middle portions, and flat, scaly and horny on free surface; the deepest, softest layer is accurately moulded upon the papillary layer of the derma, and contains the skin pigment; it is called the rete mucosum.

Describe the derma.

Is a tough, flexible, and highly elastic tissue, protecting subjacent parts, and is the chief organ of the sense of touch; excretion is effected by its various glands, and absorption also takes place from its surface. The derma consists of the

Papillary layer, situated upon its free surface, presenting innumerable, minute, vascular conical eminences, averaging in length one-one-hundredth of an inch by one-two-hundred and fiftieth of an inch in diameter at their bases, scattered irregularly in slightly sensitive parts, but arranged in parallel curved lines, forming ridges, in highly sensitive regions; each papilla contains one or more capillary loops, and one or more nerve fibres, some terminating in oval-shaped bodies, the

Tactile corpuscles, where touch is most highly developed.

The corium is composed of interlacing bands of white fibrous tissue, with some yellow elastic fibres, unstriped muscular fibres wherever hair exists, lymphatics, blood vessels, and nerve-plexuses. What are the nails?

Flattened, horny structures of modified epithelium, covering the dorsal aspects of derma of distal phalanges of fingers and toes. They are convex externally, and have a root, imbedded in a groove of skin, whence the growth in length comes; a matrix, that portion of derma beneath, by which the nail grows in thickness; the lunula, the white crescentic portion next to root, its color owing to diminution in size, number, and vascularity of the papillæ, which are disposed in longitudinal rows elsewhere in the matrix.

What are the hairs?

They are also modified epidermis, found everywhere in skin, except palms of hands and soles of feet, but varying in size. They each have a