PLATE 2.

RELATIVE POSITION OF THE DEEPER ORGANS OF THORAX AND THOSE OF THE ABDOMEN.

A.-Upper end of the sternum.

B.B.*-First pair of ribs.

C.C.*-Second pair of ribs.

D.-Aorta, with left vagus and phrenic nerves crossing its transverse arch.

E.-Root of pulmonary artery.

F.-Right ventricle.

G.-Right auricle.

H.-Vena cava superior, with right phrenic nerve on its outer border.

I.I.*-Right and left lungs collapsed, and turned outward to show the heart's out

line.

K.K.*-Seventh pair of ribs.

L.L.*-The diaphragm, in section.

N.-The gall bladder, with its duct to form the common bile duct. The hepatic artery is seen superficial to the common duct; the vena portæ is seen beneath it. The patent orifices of the hepatic veins are seen on the cut surface of the liver.

0.-The stomach.

P.-Inferior vena cava.

Q.-The cœliac axis, dividing into the gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries.

R.-The spleen.

S. S.* S.**—The transverse colon, between which and the lower border of the stomach is seen the gastro-epiploic artery, formed by the splenic and hepatic arteries.

S.***-Ascending colon, in the right iliac region.

T.-Convolutions of the small intestines, distended with air.

DEEP DISSECTION OF THROAT AND ABDOMEN.

A.-The thyroid body.

B.-The trachea.

C.C.-The first ribs.

D.D.*-The clavicles, cut at middle.

E.-Humeral part of great pectoral muscle, cut.

F.-Coracoid process of the scapula.

G.-Arch of the aorta; G,* descending aorta in throat.

H.-Right bronchus; H,* left bronchus.

I.-Esophagus.

K.-Vena azygos, receiving the intercostal veins.

L.-Thoracic duct.

M.M.*-Seventh ribs.

N.N.-Diaphragm in section.

O.-Cardiac orifice of stomach.

P.-Liver in section, showing patent orifices of hepatic veins.

Q.-Coeliac axis, sending off branches to liver, stomach and spleen. The stomach has been removed to show the looping anastomosis of these vessels around the superior and inferior borders of the stomach.

R.-Inferior vena cava, about to enter its notch in the posterior thick part of the liver, to receive the hepatic veins.

S.-Gall-bladder, communicating by its duct with the hepatic duct, which is lying upon the vena portæ, and by the side of the hepatic artery.

T.-The pyloric end of stomach, joining T,* duodenum.

U.-The spleen.

V.V. The pancreas.

W.-The sigmoid flexure of colon.

X.-The caput.coli.

Y.-The mesentery, supporting the numerous looping branches of the superior

mesenteric artery.

Z.-Some coils of the small intestine.

2.-Innominate artery.

3.-Right subclavian artery.

4.-Right common carotid artery.

5.-Left subclavian artery.

6.-Left common carotid artery.

7.-Left axillary artery.

8.-Coracoid attachment of the smaller pectoral muscle.

9.-Subscapular muscle.

10.-Coracoid head of the biceps muscle.

11.-Tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle.

12-Superior mesenteric artery, with its accompanying vein.

13.-Left kidney.