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THE

PICTORIAL FIELD-BOOK

OF

THE REVOLUTION:

OR,

ILLUSTRATIONS, BY PEN AND PENCIL, OF THE HISTORY, BIOG-
RAPHY, SCENERY, RELICS, AND TRADITIONS OF THE

WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE.

BY BENSON J. LOSSING.

WITH SEVERAL HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, BY LOSSING AND BARRITT,
CHIEFLY FROM ORIGINAL SKETCHES BY THE AUTHOR.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

NEW YORK:

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,

329 & 331 PEARL STREET,

FRANKLIN SQUARE.

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
JUN 4 1956

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty, by

HARPER & BROthers,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York.

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First unfurling of the Union Flag-Return of Colonel Knox

from the North with heavy Cannons and Howitzers-Plan

of Attack on Boston-Re-enforcement of the Army-Council

of War-Number of Troops-Situation of Washington-Con-

dition of the British Troops in Boston-A Farce, and its Term.

ination-Bombardment of Boston-Industry of Patriots-As-

tonishment of the British-Insecurity of the Fleet and Army

-Preparations for bombarding Boston-Condition of the

Patriots there-Tacit Agreement to spare the Town-Can-

nonade renewed-Commission to plunder-Bad Conduct

of the British Troops-The Embarkation-Entrance of the

Americans into the City-The Refugees-Condition of Bos
ton after the Evacuation-Troops sent to New York-Linger-
ing of British Vessels-Final Departure-Capture of Camp.

bell and Store-ships-Effect of the Evacuation of Boston-

Medal awarded to Washington-Denunciations by John

Wilkes-Boldness of Common Council-Governor Penn-

John Horne Tooke-Strength of the Americans-Political

Change in the London Common Council-Persecution of

Stephen Sayre-Tenor of the King's Speech-His false Hopes

-Warm Debates in Parliament-Duke of Grafton in Opposi

tion-The Colonies placed under martial Law-Augmenta

tion of the Army and Navy-Proposition to employ foreign

Troops-Reasons for employing German Troops-Opposition

to it in Parliament-Terms on which the Mercenaries were

hired-Parliament alarmed by a Rumor-French Emissary

in Philadelphia-Official Announcement of the evacuation of

Boston-Royal approval of Howe's Course-Opinions of the

People-Position of the Colonies-Count Rumford-Fortifi

cations-Boston Harbor- Remains of the Revolutionary

Fortifications around Boston-The "Convention Troops"-

Their Parole of Honor-Picture of the Captives-Burgoyne

in Boston-Expedition against Penobscot-Its Failure-Gen.

eral Phillips-General Wadsworth-Close of the Chronicles

..Page 9-26

Voyage to Rhode Island-Stonington-Arrival at Providence

-Roger Williams's Rock-" Water Lots"-Proposed Dese

cration-Arrival of Roger Williams-His Character-Narrow

Views of the Old Puritans-Zeal of Roger Williams-Dis-

turbance at Salem-Williams arraigned for Treason-His

Banishment-Flight to Seekonk-Landing at Providence-

Commencement of a Settlement-His Negotiations with the

Indians-Ingratitude of the Massachusetts Colony-March to

and Encampment of the French Army at Providence-Site

of the Encampment-Remains-Departure of the French

from Boston-Governor Cooke's Monument-La Fayette's

Head-quarters-Roger Williams's Spring-Old Tavern in

Providence-Its Associations-Destruction of Tea in Market

Square-Rhode Island Historical Society-Valuable Manu-

scripts-A telescopic Peep at the Moon and Stars-Bryant's

"Song of the Stars"-Voyage to Gaspee Point-The Gaspee

-Conduct of her Commander-Sketch of Gaspee Point-

Governor Wanton-Montague's insolent Letter-Wanton's

Rejoinder-Captain Lindsey's Packet chased by the Gaspee

-Expedition against the Gaspee-Her Destruction-Efforts

to discover the Incendiaries-The Commissioners-Return

to Providence-Visit to Mr. John Howland - His military

Career in the Revolution-Departure for Newport-Appear-

ance of Rhode Island-Mansion of Governor Gibbs-Old

Tower at Newport-Its former Appearance-Attempt to de

stroy it-Obscurity of its Origin-First Wind mill at New.

port-Inquiries respecting the Tower-" Antiquitates Amer.

icana"-Inscription on Dighton Rock-Prescott's Head-quar

ters at Newport-Old Cemetery-Perry's Monument-Runic

Inscriptions elsewhere-Tonomy Hill-Hubbard's House

and Mill-Inscription on Perry's Monument-Oppression of

the Whigs by Prescott-View from "Tonomy Hill-Mrs. Hut-

chinson and Sir Henry Vane-Persecution of Mrs. Hutchin-

son and her Friends-Settlement of Rhode Island-Its first

Constitution-Royal Charter-Toleration in Rhode Island-

Separation and Reunion of the Plantations-Newport-De-

struction of the Sloop Liberty-Admiral Wallace in Narra

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Condition of Rhode Island in 1777-Re-encampment of the

British-General Prescott-His Character and bad Conduct

-Colonel Barton's Plan for capturing him- - Biographical

Sketch of Barton-Expedition to capture Prescott-Pres

cott's Quarters-A Sentinel deceived-Names of Barton's

Men-Entrance to Prescott's Room-Seizure of the Gen-
eral and his Aid-de-camp-Barton rewarded by Congress-
Predatory Excursions-French Fleet for America-Count
D'Estaing-France and England-Excitement in Parliament
-The King's Speech-Boldness of the Opposition - The
British and French Fleets-Sandy Hook and Amboy Bay-
General Spencer's Expedition against Rhode Island- His
Resignation-French Fleet off Newport-American Land
Forces Destruction of British Vessels-Landing of Ameri
cans on Rhode Island- Naval Battle-Great Storm-State
of the American Troops-Refusal of the French to co-operate
-They sail for Boston-Protests-Retreat of the Americans
to Butts's Hill-Battle of Quaker Hill-Scene of the Engage-
ment-Loss of the Belligerents-Evacuation of Rhode Island
by the Americans-Return of La Fayette from Boston-Ex-
pedition against New Bedford Murmurings against the
French-Evacuation of Rhode Island by the British-Severe
Winter-Sir Robert Pigot-Return of La Fayette to France
-His Zeal and Success-Washington appointed Lieutenant
General by the French King-Good Tidings brought by La
Fayette Their Effect-Arrival of the Allies-Encampment
at Newport-British blockade of Narraganset Bay-Clinton's
Expedition-Death of Ternay-Washington in Newport-
Property destroyed in Newport-Ride to Butts's Hill-Hos-
pitality-Fort on Butts's Hill-View of the Battle-ground-
North View from Butts's Hill-The Narraganset Country-
Massasoit and his Sons-King Philip-His Jealousy-Treaties
with the Whites-Curtailment of his Domains-His chief
Captains-John Elliot--Enlightenment of the Indians-Sassa-
mon-Rising of the New England Tribes-Daniel Gookin-
Philip's Appeal-Condition of the Indians-Commencement
of Hostilities-Canonchet-Mather's Magnalia-Indian Meth-
od of Warfare-Destruction of New England Villages-Ter-
rible Retaliation by the Whites-Decimation of the Indians
-Strifes among them-Philip a Fugitive-His Death-His
Son-Captain Church-Sufferings of the Colonists-A happy
Change-Capture of the Pigot by Talbot-His Promotion-
Departure from Newport-Adieu to New England-Halleck's
Connecticut

CHAPTER V.

.74-97

The Hudson Highlands-Newburgh-The Indian Summer-Its

Character-The "Hasbrouck House" and Vicinity-Its in-

terior Construction-Purchased by the State-Ceremonies

at its Dedication-Washington's Dining-hall-Anecdote con-

cerning it-Lady Washington's Gardening-Settlement of

Newburgh- First Settlements in Orange County - Indian

Wars-Sufferings of the People-Attack on Minisink-Intem-

perate Zeal of the Volunteers-Unwise Decision-Battle of

Minisink-Its Location-The Massacre - Brant's Defense-

Effect of the Massacre-Salvation of Major Wood-Interment

of the Remains of the Slain-Monument-Cantonment of the

Army near Newburgh-Head quarters of the Officers-Nico-

la's Proposition to Washington-Washington's Letter of Re-

buke to Nicola-Patriotism of the Chief-Discontents in the

Army-Memorial to Congress-Resolutions of Congress re-

specting Claims-The Army still dissatisfied-Action of the

Officers-Major Armstrong-Meeting of Officers privately

called-Anonymous Address to the Army-Dangerous Tend-

ency of its Recommendations-Bold Tone of the Address-

Similar Opinions held by Hamilton-Washington's Counter-

action-Second anonymous Address-Meeting called by

Washington-Major Burnet's Recollections-Washington's

Address to the Officers-Action of the Meeting of Officers-

A strong Resolution-Record of Proceedings sent to Con-

gress-Washington's Opinion of Armstrong's Motives-His

farewell Address-His Tour to the Northern Battle fields-

Called to Princeton-A Statue ordered by Congress-Gen-

eral Clinton-A very little Maiden-Her Dignity-Plum

Point-Fortifications there-An Acrostic-Redoubt on Plum

Point Chevaux-de-frise - Anecdote Head quarters of

Greene and Knox-Ball at the Quarters of Greene and Knox

-Signatures of young Ladies-Washington on Dancing-

The Square A Spy in the American Camp-Dispatch in a

silver Bullet-Name and Fate of the Spy-Site and probable

Form of the Temple-View from it-The Camp Ground and

Vicinity-The Temple, as described by Major Burnet-Two

living Patriots-Visit to Major Burnet-Public Life of Major

Burnet and Sergeant Knapp-Washington's Letter to Greene

-The Commander-in-chief's Guard-Its Organization, Char-

acter, and Uniform-Its Officers-Sergeant Knapp-Return

to Newburgh-Departure for Fishkill-Return of the Com-

mander-in-chief's Guard-Fishkill Village-The "Wharton

House"--Enoch Crosby-The Spy Unmasked"-Exploits

of Crosby-Incidents of his Life-Ancient Dutch Church-

Fishkill Village-Escape of Crosby-His Exploits at Teller's
Point A very old Man and rejected Lover-Trinity Church
-Printing of the first Constitution of the State of New York
-Head-quarters of Baron Steuben-Anecdote of the Baron
-The Society of the Cincinnati-Final Proceedings in the
Organization of the Institution-Plan and Name of the So

ciety of the Cincinnati-The Constitution-Opposition of

Judge Burke and others-Certificate of Membership of the

Cincinnati-The Design and Engraving-Alteration of the

Plate-The Order of the Society-The successive Presidents

General-Departure for West Point........... Page 98-129

CHAPTER VI.

West Point and its Associations-Mrs. Faugeres-Sufferings of
Mrs. Bleeker-Scenery around West Point-The military
Establishment-Wood's Monument - Interesting Relics—
Size of the Mortars and Chain-Position of the Chain in the
River-Other Relics-Kosciuszko's Monument-His Garden
-Other Localities-Fort Arnold-Fort Putnam-View from
the Ruins of Fort Putnam-Names of the Highland Peaks-
Drake's "Culprit Fay"-Fortifications in the Highlands or-
dered-Action of the New York Assembly-Fort Constitu
tion-New Forts in the Highlands proposed-West Point se-
lected Radière and other Engineers from France-West
Point in 1780-Construction of the great Chain-History of
the Work-Map of West Point-The Chain weakened by
Arnold-Importance of West Point-Establishment of the
military Academy there-Forts Webb, Wyllys, and Putnam
-Visit to Constitution Island-Remains of Fort Constitution
-Buttermilk Falls-A venerable Boatman-Beverly Dock
and Robinson House-Arnold's Willow - Arnold in Phila-
delphia-His Extravagance-Marriage with Miss Shippen-
Memoir of Beverly Robinson-Arnold's Residence and Style
of Living-His fraudulent Dealings-Charge of Malfeasance
preferred against him-Arnold ordered to be tried by a Court-
martial-His Trial, Verdict, and Punishment-Its Effects-
Interview with Luzerne-His Wife and Major André-Sym-
pathy of Schuyler and Livingston- Visit to the American
Camp-Washington deceived by him- Obtains the Com-
mand at West Point-Correspondence of Arnold and Andrè
-Proposed Plan of the British to gain Possession of West
Point-Andrè appointed to confer with Arnold-An Inter-
view proposed by the Traitor-Letter to Colonel Sheldon-
Effect of Andre's Letter to Sheldon-Arnold's attempted In-
terview with Andrè-His Letter to Washington-Joshua H.
Smith-Further arrangements for an Interview-Arnold's
Correspondence with Beverly Robinson-Washington on his
Journey-Again deceived by Arnold's Duplicity-Smith em-
ployed to bring Andrè from the Vulture-His Difficulties--
Refusal of the Colquhons to accompany Smith-Final Com-
pliance-Landing of Andrè, and his first Interview with Ar-
nold-Arrival of the Conspirators at Smith's House-The

Vulture fired upon-Plan of Operations arranged-Colonel

Livingston-The Papers taken from Andre's Boot-" Artillery

Orders"-Forces at West Point-Villefranche's Estimate-

Return of the Ordnance in the different Forts at West Point

-Arnold's Description of the Works-His Pass-Smith's Re-

fusal to take Andrè back to the Vulture-His insufficient Ex-

cuse-Andre's Exchange of Coats-He and Smith cross the

Hudson-Smith's Letter to his Brother-Ambiguous Mem-

orandum
130-156

Arnold's Composure in presence of his Aids-Washington's re-

turn from Hartford-His Approach to Arnold's Quarters—

His Delay in reaching Arnold's Quarters-Announcement

of Andre's Arrest-Flight of Arnold-His Wife and Son-His

Passage to the Vulture-Treatment of his Oarsmen-Wash-

ington's Visit to West Point-Discovery of the Treason-

His presence of Mind-Condition of Mrs. Arnold-Attempts

to "head" the Traitor-His Letters from the Vulture-Bev

erly Robinson's Letter to Washington--The Army at Tappan

put in Motion-André ordered to West Point-Ride to Fort

Montgomery-Mrs. Rose-A speculating Daughter-Sites of

Forts Clinton and Montgomery-Lake Sinnipink-Beverly

Garrison-His Recollections-" Captain Molly"-Character

of Forts Clinton and Montgomery-Chevaux-de-frise-Con-

dition of the British Forces-Putnam's intended Expedition

-Sir Henry Clinton's Stratagem-Landing of British Troops

-Governor Clinton informed of the Landing of the British

-A reconnoitering Party- Skirmish near Doodletown-

Treachery of a Messenger-Putnam deceived - Skirmish

near Fort Montgomery-Forts ordered to be surrendered-

Attack on Forts Clinton and Montgomery-Flight of the

Americans-Destruction of Vessels and the Chevaux-de-frise

-Evening Voyage in a Fisherman's Shallop-Anthony's Nose

-Peekskill-Situation of the Village-The Birdsall House-

An Octogenarian-Oak Hill-Van Cortlandt Mansion-Philip

Van Cortlandt-Paulding's Monument, and St. Peter's Church

-Gallows Hill-Execution Place of a Spy-Putnam's laconic

Letter View from Gallows Hill-Relative importance of

Peekskill Stratagem of Sir William Howe-Invasion of

Peekskill-Destruction of Stores-Destruction of Continental

Village-Peekskill possessed by the Americans-The Sol-

dier's Spring-Verplanck's Point--Hudson and the Indians-

Fortifications at Verplanck's Point-Capture of Fort Fayette

King's Ferry-Jolly old Waterman-Stony Point-Evening

walk toward Haverstraw-" God's Acre"-Benson's Tavern

-Interview with a Builder of Stony Point Fort-View from

Smith's House-Ancient black Walnut-tree-Tarrytown-

Cow-boys and Skinners-Neutral Ground-Place where

Andrè was captured-Journey of Andrè and Smith to Crom-

pond-Vigilance of Captain Boyd-Andre's Uneasiness-

Volunteer Expedition against the Cow-boys-Arrest of Andre

-Discovery of Papers in his Stockings-Deposition of David

Williams-Strange Conduct of Colonel Jameson-His Letter

to Arnold-Better Judgment of Colonel Tallmadge-Major

André at Sheldon's Head-quarters-Andre's Letter to Wash-

ington-Taken to West Point, thence to Tappan-His Dis-

closures to Tallmadge-His Case and Hale's compared-

Bridge over Sleepy Hollow Creek-Ichabod Crane and the

Headless Horseman-Castle Philipse-Tarrytown Cemetery

-Greenburgh, on the Nepera-Van Wart's Monument-

View of Sunnyside, the Residence of Washington Irving, the

ancient" Wolfert's Roost"-Jacob Van Tassel-The "Roost"

A Castle-Its Garrison-Attack upon and Defense of "the

Roost"-Dobb's Ferry-Old Fort at Dobb's Ferry-The Liv-

ingston Mansion-Rendezvous of the British-The Palisades

-Tappan-Massacre of Baylor's Corps at Tappan-The "76

Stone House," where Andrè was confined-Washington's

Head-quarters-Court of Inquiry in Andre's Case-The Pris-

oner's Conduct-Names of those who composed the Court

-Judge Laurance-Washington's Approval of the Decision

of the Court-Memoir of Andre-Honora Sneyd-Mr. Edge-

worth-Miss Seward-Andre's Death warrant - His Will-

Disposition of his Remains-His Monument-Equity of his

Sentence-Efforts to save him-Embassy of Colonel Ogden

-Washington vilified-Proposition to Exchange Andre for

Arnold declined-A Deputation from the British General-

Result of the Efforts to save Andrè- His Letter to Washing.

ton, asking to be shot-Willis's Paraphrase-Andre's com-

posure of Mind-Pen-and-ink Sketch of himself-Name of

his Executioner-Dr. Thacher's Account of his Execution-

Feelings of the Spectators-The Place of his Death and

Burial-The Captors of Andrè rewarded-Disinterment of

his Remains-Honored by the Duke of York-Desire to se-

cure Arnold-A Plan to abduct him-Its Execution commit-

ted to Major Henry Lee-Sergeant Champe-His Sense of

Honor-Consents to attempt the Abduction of Arnold-His

Desertion favored by Lee-Pursuit of Champe-His Skill in

eluding his Pursuers-Escapes to a British Galley-Sir Henry

Clinton deceived-Champe sent to Arnold-Joins his Legion

-Preparations for carrying off the Traitor-Champe foiled

-Taken by Arnold to Virginia-Escapes, and rejoins his Le-

gion in the Carolinas-Ramapo Valley and Village-Mr. Pier-

son-Movements of the two Armies in 1777-Washington's

Perplexities-March of the American Army toward the High-

lands-Howe's Destination determined-The Clove-The

Ramapo Pass-March of the allied Armies to Virginia-

Clinton deceived by Washington's Letters-The "Hopper

House"-Patriotism of the Owner-Interesting Relics-

Burr's Head-quarters-Burr at Suffern's-Confusion of the

Militia-Night Attack upon the British Pickets near Hacken.

Back

Night-The Battle in Trenton-Colonel Rall mortally wound-

ed-Capture of the Hessians-Complete Victory of the Amer

icans-Washington's Visit to the dying Rall-Parole of Hon.

or signed by the Hessian Officers-Colonel Rall's fatal Ca-

rousal-Names and Signatures of the Hessian Officers at-

tached to the Parole-Retreat of the Enemy from Borden-

town-Their Line of Posts broken up-Good effect of the

Victory at Trenton-Washington made a military Dictator-

He recrosses the Delaware to occupy Trenton-Efficient Aid

by Robert Morris-Approach of Cornwallis toward Trenton

-Battles at Trenton Bridge and the Ford-The Americans

in Peril-Cornwallis out-generaled - March of the Ameri-

cans toward Princeton-Their Approach discovered by the

Enemy-First Skirmish near Princeton-Effect of British

Bayonets-Dispersion of the Americans-Washington on the

Field-General Mercer mortally wounded by Bayonets-His

Bravery till the Last-Place of his Death-View of the Bat-

tle-ground-Loss of the Americans-Death of General Mer-

cer-His Monument-Skirmish near Nassau Hall in Prince-

ton-Destruction of the King's Portrait in Nassau Hall-

Prisoners taken-Skirmish at Worth's Mills-Cornwallis at

Princeton-Disappointment of the Enemy-The Loss sus-

tained-Washington's Pursuit-Fatigue of the Americans—

Capture of British Baggage-wagons-Evacuation of New

Jersey by the British-Estimate of Washington's Character

in Europe-Appointment of general Officers for the Conti-

nental Army-Its Reorganization-Visit to the Princeton

Battle-ground-Morven, Stockton's Estate-Desolated by the

British-Sufferings and Death of the Owner-Annis Stock-

ton-Nassau Hall-Governor Belcher's Donation - Ritten-

house's Planetarium - Life of its Inventor - Portraits of

Washington and Mercer by Peale-Character of the College

of New Jersey-White Hall-The Floral Arch in Honor of

Washington -His triumphal Journey-His Reception by

the Ladies at Trenton-Interest of the Scene-Washing.

ton's Note to the Ladies-Reflections-Grave of Mr. Arm-

strong...

...Page 215-246

Departure from Trenton-Buck's County-St. Tammany-Old

Villages-Frankford-Its revolutionary Events-Kensington

-Arrival in Philadelphia-Christ Church and its Sounding-

board-The Grave of Dr. Franklin and others-His early.

written Epitaph-Description of Christ Church-The Natives

on the Delaware and Schuylkill-The_Delawares - Their

Character portrayed by William Penn-First Settlements on

the Delaware by the Dutch and Swedes-Troubles with the

Indians-Gustavus Adolphus-Extension of Swedish Settle-

ments-Opposition of the Dutch-Stuyvesant's Conquests-

Charter granted to William Penn-Emigrations-Arrival of

Penn-His Biography-Annexation of Delaware - Penn's

just Dealings with the Natives-Effect of his Justice-Treaty

Monument-Character and Influence of the Quakers-Found.

ing of the Pennsylvania Commonwealth, and the City of Phil-

adelphia-Secession of Delaware-Penn's Difficulties-His

liberal Concessions-Pennsylvania Charter-Penn's Heirs-

His Successors hostile to the Indians - Popular Feeling

against the Proprietaries-Dr. Franklin-The Stamp Act-

Spirit of the People-Party Rancor-Franklin lampooned-

William Bradford-The Pennsylvania Journal-Repeal of

the Stamp Act-Rejoicings-Dickenson's Letters-Firmness

of Pennsylvania-Tea Ships-Destruction of Tea at Green-

wich-Revolutionary Movements-Members of Assembly in-

structed-Quakers opposed to the Revolution-"Testimony"

of their yearly Meeting in 1775-James Pemberton and others

sent to Virginia-Arrest and removal of Governor Penn

and Chief-justice Chew-Execution of Roberts and Carlisle

-Justice of their Punishment-Desecration of Carpenters'

Hall-Congress Hall-Prevalence of a Desire for Union-

-First Movements toward a general Congress-Election of

Delegates-Names of the Representatives of each Colony-

Character of the first Continental Congress-Its Organiza-

tion-Peyton Randolph-Charles Thomson-Opening of the

first Continental Congress-Patrick Henry-The first Prayer

in Congress-Sessions with closed Doors-Sympathy with

Massachusetts--Declaration of Rights-" American Associa-

tions"-Mr. Duché--State Papers issued by Congress-De-

bates--Diversity of Opinion-Dartmouth's Circular-Joseph

Galloway-Opinions concerning the Adamses-Sketch of

Galloway's public Life-Disposition of his Estate....247-270

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