90.

89.

27.

C. Gracchus gives judicial functions to the Equites.

Lex Julia confers the franchise on all the Latins.

The franchise granted to all the confederate towns of Italy, and the Latin franchise to the Transpadani.

Octavianus receives the titles of Augustus and Imperator.

CONTENTS.

BOOK I.

STATUS OR UNEQUAL RIGHTS [DE PERSONIS].

SECTION

1-7

8-12

SOURCES OR ORIGINS of law, or various ORGANS of

legislation. CIVIL law, and NATURAL law

The subjects of the Civil Code are

PAGE

1-39

...

...

(1) UNEQUAL RIGHTS (PERSONAE, Book I);

(2) EQUAL RIGHTS (RES, Books II and III);

(3) PROCEDURE (ACTIONES, Book IV);

STATUS or INEQUALITY of rights divides the members
of society into nine classes: the Freeborn, the Freedman,
the Slave; the Citizen, the Latin, the Alien; the Father of
the household, the Son of the household, the Bondsman ...

39-47

55-107 PATERNAL POWER, the modes in which it originates

108-115 MARITAL POWER, the modes in which it originates

116-123 BONDAGE, the mode in which it originates

124-141 Modes in which PATERNAL POWER,

POWER, and BONDAGE are terminated

INEQUALITIES among those who are INDEPENDENT
(Fathers of their household).

142-196 GUARDIANSHIP, classes and modes in which it ori-

ginates and terminates

197-200 CURATORS

...

117-147

147-156

SECTION

1-79

BOOK II.

EQUAL RIGHTS [DE REBUS].

EQUAL RIGHTS are

(1) ELEMENTARY or UNITARY (RES SINGULAE).

(2) COLLECTIVE (RERUM UNIVERSITATES).

Elementary rights are

(1) REAL (JUS IN REM).

(2) PERSONAL (JUS IN PERSONAM).

Real rights are (not to mention PRIMORDIAL rights)
(1) UNLIMITED (DOMINIUM or OWNERSHIP).
(2) LIMITED (SERVITUS or EASEMENT).

ELEMENTARY or UNITARY RIGHTS (RES SIN-

GULAE), and in the first place the REAL RIGHTS of

OWNERSHIP and SERVITUDE (one branch of RES

SINGULAE).

TITLES or facts originative of REAL rights, whether
OWNERSHIP OR SERVITUDE...

Ownership without power of alienation, and power of aliena-
tion without ownership

62-64

80-85

86-96

Alienation by WARDS ...

...

...

PAGE

157-208

197-198

208-209

209-215

INSTRUMENTS of Acquisition of Real rights
COLLECTIVE RIGHTS [RERUM UNIVERSITATES].
The TITLES by which a person is invested with Collective
rights, in other words, the TITLES of UNIVERSAL
SUCCESSION, are five, Testamentary disposition, Intestacy,
Insolvency, Adrogation, and Manus or Marital power.

97-190 WILLS

191-245 LEGACIES. Legacies are Titles to RES SINGULAE, but
are introduced in this place as being accessory to WILLS

TRUSTS.

215-265

265-283

260-289 ELEMENTARY rights in TRUST, though examples of

RES SINGULAE, are introduced in this place as being

accessory to WILLS

SECTION

...

PERSONAL RIGHTS, or OBLIGATIONS [the other branch
of RES SINGULAE], and their TITLES.
88-162 Obligations founded on CONTRACT

163-167 INSTRUMENTS of acquiring Obligation

168-181 EXTINCTION of Obligation

182-225 Obligations founded on DELICT

...

BOOK IV.

PROCEDURE [DE ACTIONIBUS].

...

PAGE

356-435

...

...

435-437

STATUTE-PROCESS or ANCIENT method of Procedure... 494-513

FORMULARY Procedure, FICTION...

69-81

82-87

SUBSIDIARY actions on Contract and Delict

REPRESENTATION of the principal parties to an action ... 558-560

88-102 SECURITIES to be given by the parties to an action

103-109 STATUTORY actions (1) in a wider sense, as actions required

by the lex Julia to be terminated in eighteen months from

their institution; and (2) in a narrower sense, or such of the

former class as in respect of NOVATION or CONSUMP-

TION of the right of action are assimilated by the lex

Aebutia to the statute-process (legis actio) of the older

system.

NON-STATUTORY actions, or actions founded on the

executive authority of the Praetor, are required to ter-

minate within twelve months from their institution, and

have no power at civil law of consuming or novating a

right of action, but bar a subsequent action when pleaded

by the exceptio rei judicatae.

Actions with a pendency or duration of eighteen months, but

without a power of NOVATION or CONSUMPTION at

civil law, are STATUTORY in one sense and NON-

STATUTORY in another

110-113 PERPETUAL actions, or actions which can be instituted
at any date from their nativity (in later times within
twenty or thirty years from their nativity), and TEM-
PORARY actions, or actions that must be instituted
within a certain date (usually a year) from their nativity.
Actions TRANSMISSIBLE or NOT-TRANSMISSIBLE
to the successors of the principal parties

...

114 Title of defendant subsequent to Litis contestatio

560-569

570-579

580-589

115-137 NEGATION and EXCEPTION, or NULLITY, NULLIFI-
CATION, COLLISION, of rights

651-658

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Inst. Institutes of Justinian.

Dig. or D. Digest or Pandects of Justinian.

Cod. or C. Codex of Justinian.

The meaning of the numbers that follow these abbreviations will be obvious to any one who opens a volume of the Corpus Juris.

Pr. stands for principio, meaning, in the first paragraph of a title of the Institutes, or of a fragment of a title of the Digest.

The Commentaries of Gaius are referred to by numbers indicating the book and the paragraph: e. g. 2 § 5, indicates the 5th paragraph of Book 2.

When Ulpian or Paulus is quoted, the works referred to are the Regulae of Ulpian and the Sententiae Receptae of Paulus.