improvement of the soil which produced them; for we find him zealously employed, in mending by crosses, the breed of sheep and other animals. To him was confided the care of the broad tail Barbary rams, procured at Tunis, by General Eaton. The Judge placed them advantageously, and pressed on the farmers, by repeated written exhortations, the propriety of using them. In order to appreciate properly the industry of this gentleman. in treating on husbandry and matters auxiliary to it, we must consult his voluminous communications, published in the Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society. Take, for instance, the first volume. There, we find him discussing with his accustomed animation, and clear and elegant style, the following topics: On the force of habit, as it relates to esculents. On Hemlock for live fences. Remarks on, and plan of, a stercorary. These numerous articles, so various in their character, are, as I have said, contained in the first volume, and are all copiously and ably treated by him. The succeeding volumes are no less rich in original essays on the science and art of agriculture, from the same prolific pen. Perhaps it is not estimating the quantity of his labour too high, if we place it at one fourth of each volume; the quality of these productions, must be valued according to their wide circulation, and great popularity. This distinguished citizen, always active in promoting objects of public utility, founded our Society, and presided over it from the day of its creation until his death. You, gentlemen, will, one and all, I confidently assert, most readily and most gratefully bear witness to his constant solicitude for the advancement of the objects of our association. How often has he pressed us to attend to them! His superior sagacity could discover a usefulness in labours, which we had not before thought important. When, at length, we yielded to his wishes, and consented to register the occurrences on our farms, how much information was elicited! The improvement derived from this mutual examination, was acknowledged | by us all. It is much to be regretted, that these business-like meetings have of late been few & far between. But such as they were, and transient as they now are, I dare refer to the records for proof of their solid worth. What, though they have been followed by occasional listlessness, indifference, or non-attendance, that baffled the later efforts of our good President; may we not remember that our carly zeal, though short-lived, was salutary! Can we not revive it? Let us try, if it be only to show our love for the man who first inspired it. Our opinions on rural matters; our knowledge of agricultu ral facts, then so freely communicated, stand on record: we then possessed the attributes, as well as the name, of an Agricultural Society. Those communications, evinced by their variety, their practical meaning, their good sense, and not unfrequently, their novelty; the rich fund of information among us in the concerns of husbandry, and show how profitably it may be again employed.We have but to will it, in order to restore it to its former usefulness. Having endeavoured to portray Mr. Peters as a patriot, a legislator, a jurist, and a farmer, it remains to speak of him as a man in social life. Unceremonious, communicative, friendly, we who have so often shared in the delight of his unequalled companionship, under this roof, and at the festive board, when, at our annual dinners, he gradually rose in hilarity and noisy mirth, with the wine drinkers, by drinking himself, as he would playfully say, like a fish; accompanying our libations of Madeira, with draughts of water; we can testify to his wonderful flow of wit, jovialty, and laughter-inspiring spirit. It was on those occasions, that for a long evening "he talked with fluency mere pun," where nature had been so liberal; and with his goblet of mere joke and frolick. He needed no artificial aid, water by his side, he kept pace in merriment with the company he was exhilarating; and this too, when an octogenarian! Indeed, it was only with the lamp of life that this love of jest became extinct. Yet, so well timed, in such good taste, was all this gaiety, that no want of dignity or decorum was ever known. It was a spontaneous effusion, so natural and so pleasing, that it made you love the man you already respected. As a husband-a parent—a neighbour—a sincere Christian-there was, in reference to Judge Peters, but one voice. Every one united in praising his domestic and religious virtues. Here I conclude, with many thanks for your indulgence, and the hope that a life so usefully spent, will be contemplated by us, as eminently worthy of imitation; if not in all its varieties, at least in such portions as we may be able to copy. EDUCATION WITH MANUAL Labor. Mr. Johnson submitted the following resolution. Resolved, by the Select and Common Council that a An association has been formed in this city for the Joint Committee of four members from each council be appointed to inquire if any and what alterations are ne- purpose of establishing a school in which manual labor cessary to be made in the several ordinances and sup- is to be connected with the elements of a liberal educa plements to ordinances providing for the appointment tion. We subjoin the articles of association adopted at of city commissioners, and prescribing their duties: and that the said committee have leave to report by bill or a late meeting, and a letter from Rev. Dr. Alexander otherwise. containing his views of the importance of such an estab Mr. Johnson said that he brought forward this resolu-lishment. A committee has been appointed to examine tion in justice to himself and the other members of the and report suitable places of location for the School. late councils. As long back as 1802, an ordinance was passed prohibiting the city commissioners in the most positive terms from being concerned cither directly or ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION, indirectly in contracts for the execution of public work. For the purpose of establishing near the city of (here Mr. J. read an extract from the ordinance.) It is well known that reputed abuses by the city commissioners, had considerable bearing on the late election, and our constituents, said Mr. J., call on us to probe the matter to bottom. He could not think it possible there had been abuses to the extent reported, but he believed great amendments might be made in the system. None but men of integrity and capacity should be appointed city commissioners, and as the character of such citizens is valuable to the community, they ought to be protected. The resolution was adopted, and Messrs. Johnson, Oldenburg, Maitland, Page, Thompson, Kittera, Garret, and Richards, appointed the committee. Mr. Johnson submitted the following: Whereas a number of the owners of property fronting on certain streets, recently paved, have not complied with the existing ordinances in relation to the paving of the footways. And whereas it is deemed necessary for the comfort and convenience of the citizens generally, that said footways should be paved. Philadelphia, a School in which manual labour is to be connected with the elements of liberal edu cation. Art. 1. The stock of this association shall be c vided into shares of $20 each, payable, if only one share be subscribed, at the time of subscribing, if more than one, the half payable as before and the other at the end of twelve months. 2. The primary object of the school shall be to furnish instruction to young men whose ultimate aim is the ministry of the gospel, whilst others of respectable talents and good moral character may be admitted, as far as may be deemed consistent with the main object. 3. Every pupil shall be required to employ, in' agriculture,horticulture or mechanicks not less than three nor more than four hours each day, on an average. The avails of his labour shall be applied to the payment of his board and of the other expenses of the school. 4. The truths of divine revelation and practical Therefore, Resolved, that the city commissioners be, religion as well as the rudiments of the arts and and they are hereby directed, forthwith to give due no-sciences shall be diligently & prudently inculcated. tice to such owners of property and to cause all such footways to be paved agreeably to the ordinances now in full force on that subject. Mr. Baker doubted the expediency of adopting this resolution, as there was at this moment a great scarcity of paving brick, and giving the commissioners this power might subject many citizens to inconveniences. 5. The further details of the institution shall be committed to a Board of fifteen Trustees to be elect ed by the stockholders annually and who shall report their transactions at each annual meeting of the Association. 6. The first mecting of the stockholders shall be called at such time and place as shall be designated by a committee appointed for that purpose. 7. Subscribers may transfer their shares at pleas Dr. Alexander's Letter, Princeton October 11, 1828. Mr. Johnson replied that the resolution gave the commissioners no new power. It was an act of assembly which prescribed that the pavements should be made. On a future occasion, he would, perhaps, be under there; but not without the consent of two thirds of the stockholders, present at an annual meeting. necessity of bringing before councils, the names of cer8. Each share shall entitle the holder to a vote tain men who held large estates acquired by inheritance, in all the transactions of the association. and who, he thought, evaded the law, by means of deeds given to persons long since dead. Many large property holders importuned councils, to pave the streets in front of their property. By paving the carriage way, the value of their property was increased in some instances as much (we understood Mr. J. to say) as twenty five per Understanding that you wish to have some excent. but they evaded the law, by only setting the curb-pression of opinion from me, relative to the expestones: and the poor man who complied with the law diency of establishing schools or academies, in in making a foot pavement in front of his own house, which manual labor shall be made an essential part could not pass in front of the adjoining lot without being of the system of exercise and discipline, I take up to his ears in mud. The late councils had petitioned pleasure in saying, that such institutions appear to the legislature on the subject, but the operation of the me, to be calculated to promote the cause of literaact had not been precisely such as was desired. ture, in no small degree. Mr. Bladen inquired what necessity there could be for passing the resolution, if the object was provided for by the act of assembly. The President replied that it was customary to pass resolutions directing the city commissioners to carry into effect the acts of assembly. The resolution was adopted. On motion of Mr. Walmsley, a committee of two was appointed to examine the minutes of the late council, and report on its unfinished business. Lydia R. Bailey was re-elected printer to the common council.-Phil. Gaz. Rev. and Dear Sir, The public mind is, perhaps, prejudiced against all pretensions to new and easy methods of acquithis scheme without an impartial consideration, ring learning; and many may be disposed to reject because it is new. But it ought to be remembered that according to this plan, no innovation, whatever, upon the common course of classical education is contemplated. The only novelty in the institution is, that agricultural or mechanical labor is made the duty of every pupil, for a few hours in each day. And this is only a provision for carrying into effect what all acknowledge to be vitally important in se- new varieties from seed and I have not the least doubt but minaries of learning, namely, that the body should what I shall soon have seedling vines surpassing the most be exercised, every day, as well as the mind. The delicious foreign grapes; I have now one or two varieties importance of a good system of exercise for stu- from seed which in my opinion, as table grapes, rival dents, has been so deeply felt of late years, that an many foreigners, and as to their quality of withstanding artificial system of gymnastic exercises has been in- uninjured our winter frosts and summer heats, they have As the cultivation troduced into many institutions of learning, and has no equal from France or Germany. been productive of excellent effects on the health of of the vine is beginning to attract considerable attention students. But why resort to laborious exercises will contribute a few observations on the subject which which require considerable expense and are pro-lief (though contrary to the general opinion) is that the I hope may not prove altogether unacceptable. My beductive of no profit, when the same labor or exercise may be so directed as to accomplish several foreign grapes are mostly injured by the great heat in summer: from the cold we can protect them by coverimportant ends, besides the promotion of health? ing during the continuance of cold weather, but for the If two, three or four hours ought to be spent in heat we have no remedy, unless, probably, by planting healthful exercise, why not employ those hours, them on a north or western exposure, though I know daily, in the pleasant occupations of horticulture, not of the experiment having been tried, but from obagriculture, or mechanics? In those occupations, serving in what way nature has planted them I believe there is much less danger of hurtful accidents than it would succeed. All the foreign grapes that I have in gymnastic or in the common sports of boys. And had an opportunity of examining, on east and south exit can be no matter of doubt to any one, that the la-posures, are annually destroyed by mildew which I be. bors of the field and of the garden are as salubrious lieve is occasioned by the sun shining on them whilst as any other mode of exercise. And certainly, if they are wet from dew, whereas on a north or west situonly so much of the students' time be appropriated ation they are seldom, if ever, affected by it. From all to these labours, as bodily health requires, they the observations I have been able to make on uncultiva cannot be considered as interfering with their liter-ted nature, I have never yet seen a wild vine fully expoary progress. They will, in fact, make much bet ter progress than if they should attempt to devote the whole of their time to study. Besides, the knowledge of the operations of agriculture and the mechanic arts which would necessarily be acquired in such a course, would be no contemptible part of a good education. There are few men, residing in the country, who do not need practical knowledge of the method of cultivating a farm and a gar den. And as it is desirable to have educated enlightened farmers, who may be competent to act as magistrates, legislators, or arbitrators, the plan of uniting a knowledge of farming with a liberal education, is better adapted to the mass of the American population, than any other. But that which chiefly recommends this kind of seminary is, that under good management, it will render education so cheap, that every independent farmer will easily have it in his power to give his sons a liberal education. By experiment it has been ascertained, that an amount of labor not more than is necessary for wholesome exercise, wil be sufficient to pay for the boarding of a pupil who is over 15 years of age. This scheme will also obviate the objection which many worthy people make to sending their sons to classical schools; namely, that they are thereby rendered idle and become ever afterwards averse to labor. And such a course of life as unites attention to agriculture with learning is obviously more favourable to sound moral habits, than the situation in which young men are commonly placed at our academies and colleges. Thus, sir, I have briefly stated the reasons which induce me to be a warm friend to such an institution as you have been endeavouring to establish; and to show that these thoughts are not mere, theory, I would state, that it is my purpose, as soon as I find such an institution founded in a convenient situation, to send one of my own sons, in preference to sending him to any other school. To the Rev. J. Monteith. A. ALEXANDER. CULTURE OF THE GRAPE, &c. sed to the influence of a meridian sun, on an elevated southern exposure, but what had its fruit annually dried and burnt up before it came to maturity, while those vines that are fruitful are usually in low wet places, or on the north or west sides of hills sheltered from the scorching rays of the sun by the shade of trees, or their own close and thick foliage. Now, to arrive at perfection in almost any pursuit, it is generally agreed, to copy after directly opposite course in the cultivation of the vine? nature is our surest guide; why then, do we pursue a Circuit Court, U. S.-Joseph Hopkinson, Esq. hav ing been sworn in on Monday morning, October 27, by Judge Washington, took his seat on the bench of the Circuit Court of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, as associate judge of said court, in room of Richard Peters, Esq. deceased. After the oath of office was administered, Mr. Rawle, as senior member of the bar, rose and expressed the gratification of himself and his professional brethren at the appointment, and their confidence in the abilities and integrity of the gentleman selected for this important station. To this address Judge Hopkinson returned an impressive and appropriate reply. New Post Office.--The post office at Berrysburg, Dau. phin county, has been re-established, and Jacob Bowman Esq. appointed postmaster. Printed every Saturday morning by William F. Ged des, No. 59 Locust street, Philadelphia; where, and at the Editor's residence, in North 12th st. 3d door south of Cherry st. subscriptions will be thankfully received. Price five dollars per annum payable in six months after the commencement of publication--and annually, thereafter, by subscribers resident in or near the city, or where there is an agent. Other subscribers pay in advance. REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.. EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD. VOL. II.-NO. 17. PHILADELPHIA, NOV. 8, 1828. PATRIOTISM EXEMPLIFIED IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST BANK IN THE UNITED STATES. The Plan of the Bank of Pennsylvania, established for supplying the army of the United States, with provisions for two months. A number of Gentlemen are to give their bonds to the Directors of the Bank, in such sums as each shall think proper; binding himself for the payment thereof, if it shall become necessary in order to fulfil the engagements and discharge the notes or contracts of the Bank. These securities shall be extended to the sum of three hundred thousand Pounds, Pennsylvania Currency in Specie, at the rate of seven shillings and six-pence for a Spanish Dollar. NO. 45. These draughts will require an immediate supply; and therefore it is necessary, that the subscribers to the General Loan, pay ten per ct. on their subscriptions, within eight days after the date thereof. This will create a of the Directors in paying, and of the Factor in lis confund to begin with. It must be the constant aim both tracts, to pass as many notes in payment as possible, un til Congress can reimburse the Bank: And when that shall happen, the notes that shall be out, shall be called in, and paid off; the entire accounts shall be made up and settled with Congress, and the bonds of the Sureties shall be delivered up or cancelled. The Directors shall execute instruments of writing, binding their whole estates for the faithful performance of their duties; which instruments, and the bonds of the Sureties, shall be recorded in the Recorder's office, for the county of Philadelphia, and shall be deposited in the hands of the Board of Inspectors herein after mentioned. The Board of Inspectors shall consist of five persons, to be chosen by the sureties. This board shall hold the bonds of the Sureties safely in their possession, until the business be finished and settled; or in case of default, until suits shall be brought and recovery had thereupon. The Board of Inspectors, or any three of them, shall have free access at all seasonable hours, to the books and papers of the Bank, and of the Factor, or persons employed under him or them. They may enquire into the manner of managing the business; may give their advice and opinion whenever they please; and if they think it necessary or proper, may call a general meeting of the Sureties, in order to lay the proceedings before them, to ask their advice, or to propose new regulations, a change of officers, or any other matter or thing they shall judge fit. Two Directors shall be chosen by the sureties, to conduct the business of the Bank, with such Assistants or Clerks, as upon experience may be found necessary.— The directors shall provide a proper place for their counting-house, books, notes, stationary, &c. They are to keep full and fair accounts of all their transactions; crediting every person's account for money received from him; and charging each proper account for the monies paid. They are authorized to borrow Money on the Credit of the Bank, for six months or any shorter period; and to grant special notes bearing interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum to the lenders for the sum borrowed. They are to keep a fair and regular cash account, which must be settled every night; and one or both must count the balance, and see that it is in their chest. They must keep an exact register of all the notes they issue, so as to ascertain every night the demands to come against them the next day. They are to receive from Congress, such sums as they may from time to time, allot for the reimbursement of the Bank. The Factor is authorized to have a convenient store But when this source and sums occasionally borrowed for his business. and to employ such Agents, Clerks and on interest as aforesaid, do not afford a sufficient supply, Assistants as, by experience, may be found necessary. the Directors are authorised to demand and receive from He shall proceed, with all possible dispatch, to purchase, every subscriber of A GENERAL LOAN TO THE BANK, on the most reasonable terms, flour, beef and pork of such part of his subscription as may be necessary to sound good quality; and in such quantities of each artimake exact payment: Granting to each of the said sub-cle as may be regulated by the Board of War, until he cribers a note, bearing interest as aforesaid, for the sum received from him. All monies borrowed and received from Congress, by the Directors, shall be applied to the sole purposes of purchasing provisions and rum for the use of the Continental army; of transporting them to camp to be delivered to the order of his Excellency the Commander in Chief or of the Board of War; and of discharging their notes and the expense of conducting the business. And no part of the said monies, or of the notes to be issued by the said Directors, shall by them, or any person acting for or on behalf of the Bank, be applied to any other use or uses, purpose or purposes whatsoever. Neither shall they borrow more money, or issue more notes than shall be found absolutely necessary for the aforesaid purposes. The Sureties for the Bank, shall chuse a Factor, who shall have the entire management of the purchases; and on whose order the Directors are to pay, in money or notes, such sums, from time to time; as he may draw for. 34 VOL. II. procure in the whole three millions of rations, or as The Factor is authorised to draw on the Directors for specie, Pennsylvania State Money or Continental Money, as occasion may require: He and they always taking care to understand their ability to honor such draughts. He shall provide his store with rum, sugar, coffee, salt and other goods at the cheapest wholesale prices, to be sold at the same prices to those who supply him with provisions; that he may gain a preference of what comes to market. It may be useful in his respect to make it known throughout the country, that he is enabled to make such payments as above described. The Factor shall give security to the Board of Inspectors in the sum of ten thousand pounds, Pennsylvania currency in specie, for the faithful discharge of his duty. He shall keep fair accounts of all his transactions, and copies of all his letters; and shall settle with the Directors as often as they or the Board of Inspectors shall think fit. The Directors, Factor,* and all persons employed under them shall be paid reasonable compensations for their time and trouble. But as this association is founded in the present public necessities, with intention to relieve them, as far as its object extends; none of the sureties, subscribers to the general loan, Inspectors, the gentlemen that shall receive the goods at Trenton, and forward them thence, or other gentlemen that may give occasional assistance, mean to derive the least pecuniary advantage to themselves or families from this exertion. Yet, as it is hoped and expected that the United States will draw the most essential benefits from it, it is just that Congress should pledge the faith of the United States, to reimburse the whole cost and charges of this transaction in reasonable time, to give such assistance in the execution as may be in their power, and such security as the Board of Inspectors may stipulate with them, (which the said Board are authorized to do) for the indemnification of the sureties of the bank, and the subscribers to the general loan. The Inspectors of Bank are, John Dunlap John Philip De Hass Joseph Blewer Bunner, Murray, and Comp. Matthew Clarkson William Hall Robert Morris, J. M. Nesbitt, Blair M'Clenachan, Sa- John Patton muel Miles, Cadwallader Morris. Directors. John Nixon, George Clymer. Thomas Leiper B. Fuller 4000 4000 2500 2000 2000 2000 4000 2000 2000 5000 5000 5000 5000 2009 2000 5000 2000 2000 2000 4000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3000 6000 4000 2000 2000 2000 4000 5000 2000 2000 2000 2000 5000 2000 5000 5000 2000 3000 5000 5000 2000 5000 5000 3000 2000 2000 2000 3000 The execution of the plan is in great forwardness. WHEREAS in the present situation of public affairs in the United States, the greatest and most vigorous exertions are required, for the successful management of the just and necessary war, in which they are engaged with Great Britain: We the Subscribers, deeply impressed with the sentiments that on such an occasion should govern us, in the prosecution of a war, on the event of which, our own freedom and that of our posterity, and the freedom and independence of the United States are all involved, hereby severally pledge our property and credit for the several sums specified and mentioned after our names, in order to support the credit of a Bank to be established for furnishing a supply of provisions for the armies of the United States: And we do hereby severally promise and engage to execute to the Directors of the said Bank, bonds of the form hereunto annexed. Witness our hands this 17th day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1780. Pennsylvania Currency, payable Neither the Directors nor Factor now chosen by the subscribers, are to have any compensation made them for their services. George Meade, and co. Thomas Mifflin Andrew Hodge |