VOLUME XXII

THE BRITISH COLONIES; THE UNITED STATES (EARLY COLONIAL PERIOD)

43X 303

Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.

Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.

Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.

Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Chicago.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Capt. F. Brinkley, Tokio.

Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.

Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.

Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.

Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.

Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.

Prof. H. Marczali, University of Budapest.

Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.

Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.

Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Dr. Frederick Robertson Jones, Bryn Mawr College.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.

Prof. Adolph Harnack, University of Berlin.

Dr. A. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.

Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.

Printed in the United States.

Prof. W. L. Fleming, Louisiana State University.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Budapest.

Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.

CONTENTS

VOLUME XXII

THE BRITISH EMPIRE

INTRODUCTION

A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE COLONIAL

WORLD, by LADY LUGARD

PAGE

1

Population of the empire, 2. Divisions and growth of the empire, 5. Adminis-

tration of the empire, 9. Industry and trade, 14. Defence of the empire, 18.

BOOK VII. THE HISTORY OF BRITISH INDIA

CHAPTER I

THE MOHAMMEDAN AND THE MUGHAL EMPIRES (664-1857 A.D.).

. 21

The Mohammedan conquest; Mahmud of Ghazni, 22. The Afghan dynasty of

Ghor; the Slave Kings, Ala-ud-Din, Firoz, and Tughlak, 23. The Mughal invaders:

Timur and Baber, 23. The great Akbar, Guardian of Mankind," 26. Selim and

Shah Jahan, 32. Early dynasties in southern India: Madura; the Deccan, 33. The

reign of Aurangzeb, 35. Sir Henry Lawrence on Sivaji, 35. The glory of Au-

rangzeb, 37. Last years of Aurangzeb, 38. The decline of the Mughal and the

Mohammedan powers, 38.

CHAPTER II

THE EUROPEAN EMPIRE IN INDIA: THE RISE OF CLIVE (1498-1774 A.D.). 40

Portuguese and Dutch settlements, 40. The English East India Company founded,

42. English collisions with the Portuguese and the Dutch, 43. The French settle-

ments: La Bourdonnais and Dupleix, 44. French victories over the English, 46. The

ambitions and successes of Dupleix, 47. The rise of Robert Clive, 49. The last days

of Dupleix, 52. Colonel Malleson thus characterises Dupleix, 53. Clive's return as

governor, 54. Siraj-ud-Daula, 54. The Black Hole of Calcutta, 54. English alliance

with the Nawab, 56. The British in India, 56. Clive's duplicity towards Omichund,

58. Battle of Plassey, 59. Clive returns again to England, 61. The arrival of

Count Lally, French successes, 63. English naval successes, 65. End of the French

power in India, 66. The fate of Lally, 67.

Massacre of Patna, 68. Battle of Baxar, 69.

Clive's last administration, 72. The successes of Hyder Ali, 73. Evil days for the

English conflicts with the natives, 67.

Discords and intrigues in England, 71.