A. D. 1470 Rates or Prices of provifions, &c. expence of King Henry VI.'s diet in the Tower, the expence of his funeral, and the weekly allowance to his widow Queen, and of the Duke of Exeter, &c. vol. i. p. 496. daily pay of an English army in France, vol. i. p. 502-3. of hats, caps, fcarlet &c. cloths, fixed by law, vol. i. p. 524. of Malmsey wine, and pay of English foldiers in France, vol. i. p. 535-6. of wheat very cheap, vol. i. p. 544. cheap maintenance of King Henry VII.'s Queen's fifter, and low prices of wheat, &c.. vol. i. p. 545 of wheat and oats, vol. i. p. 552. of hay, wheat, wine, falt, &c. vol. i. p. 553. of wheat, ale, and wine, vol. ii. p. 10. their furprizing low rates in the province of Zealand, vol. ii. p. 20. a fmall annuity to a court lady for great fervices, vol. ii. p. 29. 1474 1486 of wheat, vol. i. p. 520. 1489 1492 1494 1495 1497 1498 1504 1510 1514 1521 1530 1531 1532 of a Prieft's maintenance, and of wines fixed by law, vol. ii. p. 56. daily pay of shipwrights, ibid. of wheat, oats, and beans, vol. ii. p. 39. of provifions and neceffaries reftored by King Henry VIII. to Cardinal Woolfey, v. ii. p. 51 poffibly near five times as cheap the rate of living then as in our days, ibid. of oxen, sheep, hogs, and capons, vol. ii. p. 54. of flesh-meat at London, its number of butchers, and of oxen killed weekly, ibid. 201. per annum a fufficient living for a parish minister in York city, vol. ii. p. 80-1. a law for preventing their being enhanced, and for licensing of workmen without being free of cities and towns, vol. ii. p. 82. of post-horses and wheat, &c. vol. ii. p. 83. of corn, wines, coals, ftraw, &c. whereby it should seem, that the rate of living was now about or near four times as cheap as in our days, vol. ii. p. 88. again, ibid. of wines in England, and the number of taverns in each town or city limited, with remarks, vol. ii. p. 92. of wines, wheat, rye, barley, and living, vol. ii. p. 96. 137. 6s. 8d. a competent annuity for a student of law, a gentleman, vol. ii. p. 97. daily allowance to Sir Thomas Gresham, the Queen's merchant and exchanger, ibid. of wheat, malt, beans, and rye, vol. ii. p. 103. of falaries to the Queen's phyfician, her bow-ftring maker, Profefforships in both Univerfities: alfo of wheat, hay, wines, &c. fo the rate of living was probably near four times as cheap as in our own days, vol. ii. p. 107. of ftolen cattle on the borders between England and Scotland, their valuation, v. ii. p. 117-18 of wheat and other grain, when they may be permitted to be exported, ibid. of living, ftill near four times cheaper than in our days, as appear by falaries, &c. v. ii. p. 136 of wheat and beef, vol. ii. p. 141. of the rate of living in Scotland, vol. ii. p. 158. of wheat, vol. ii. p. 165. Rates or Prices of Provifions, &c. of wheat, &c.-Here we now fee a great alteration in the rate of living, which, from the rates when wheat may be exported, could not exceed thrice as much as in our own times, vol. ii. p. 184, &c. of wheat, rye, and falaries, vol. ii. p. 189. of wheat, vol. ii. p. 192. of certain provisions, vol. ii. p. 194. of living about twice, or rather thrice as cheap as in our days; deduced from the prices of ale, wheat, wine, &c. vol. ii. p. 221. of wine per ton, vol. ii. p. 270. of peas, beans, barley, and malt, vol. ii. p. 307. of wheat, &c. their moderate prices, ibid. 1632 1633 of wines of various countries, with remarks, vol. ii. p. 350-1. King Charles fixes the prices of various provifions for man and horfe, now nearly approaching to our own times, vol. ii. p. 353. is about two-thirds of what it is in our own time, vol. ii. p. 354 1744 Rattan W. India Ifle, taken from Spain, but reftored by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, v. iii. p. 241 569 Ravenna exarchat commences, vol. i. p. 44. 722 is taken by the Lombards, but retaken, vol. i. p. 54. Raw Silk, (vide Silk). 1101 Records national, and the royal acts of most nations in Europe, commence about this time, and not fooner, vol. i. p. 140. 1385 1415 and particularly the noble collection of England's public acts, charters, treaties, &c. by the well known title of Rymer's Foedera, ibid. the first English one in the Foedera relative to the grievances on the marches between England and Scotland, vol. i. p. 378. another, vol. i. p. 425. Reformation A. D. 1517 Reformation of religion from Popery to Proteftantifm, takes its commencement this year in Germany, and has been greatly beneficial to commerce, vol. ii. p. 34. 1685 Refugees (vide France and England.) 1636 Regal Colonies, English, the first regular one established in America was that of Virginia, .vol. ii. p. 367. 1538 Register of marriages, births, and burials are firft begun to be kept in England, though not exactly, vol. i. p. 65. 1651 1696 1704 1708 1709 1735 of houses and ships in England propofed, vol. ii. p. 418. of feamen in the English navy enacted, but fuffered afterwards to expire, vol ii. p. 624. of deeds, conveyances, wills, mortgages, &c. in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, v. iii. p. 20 the fame enacted for its Eaft Riding, vol. iii. p. 31-2. the fame for the county of Middlefex, vol. iii. p. 35. the fame for the North Riding of Yorkshire, vol. iii. p. 208. 1693 Regulated Companies, English, (vide Companies.) 1401 Religious and civil liberty are all that is worth contending for in this world, vol. i. p. 403. Rental (vide Revenue) 1135 Rents, in England, are first made payable in money, vol. i. p. 148.-(Vide House-Rents.) 1154 and are further improved now, vol. i. p. 155. 1234 of lands, extremely low, vol. i. p. 207. 1295 Reprifals, the firft inftance of them in Rymer's Fœdera, vol, i. p. 251. 1399 1412 1413 1627 inftanced in England against the Earl of Holland, for a private debt to an Englishman, vol. i. p. 396. on Genoefe effects in England, for captures, vol. i. p. 419. another instance, on account of French captures, vol. i. p. 421. another, on account of Genocfe captures, ibid. England and France, against each other, vol. ii. p. 322. 1377 Retainers, a statute prohibiting them, vol. i. p. 367-98.—(Vide Liveries and Maintenance.) 1486 and givers of liveries, &c. King Henry VII.'s jealousy of them, vol. i. p. 519-20. 1219 Revel, in Livonia, now founded, vol. i. p. 200. 1470 1558 it has the Hans emporium removed to it on the facking of Novogrod, vol. i. p. 494. lofes the Hans ftaple to Narva, vol. ii. p. 104. 1066 Revenue, English, how raised and increafed in thofe times, vol. i. p. 113-14.-(Vide Rents.) of King William the Conqueror, vol. i. p. 131. 1086 1307 1337 1348 1366 1415 1421 1570 1657 1688 Parliament's grants to King Edward II. vol. i. p. 275. in what it confifted prior to the commencement of the woollen manufacture, v. i. p. 395. of the ftaple at Calais, vol. i. p. 326. by knighthood, vol. i. p. 352. ordinary of England, vol. i. p. 425. a curious account of it, vol. i. p. 434-5. annual of Queen Elizabeth, and what was then meant by the yearly profits of the kingdom, vol. ii. p. 133. for this year, and its expences, vol. ii. p. 442. and for Scotland and Ireland, ibid. its vaft increase fince the year 1600, vol. ii. p. 579-80. 1689 Revolution in England, its confequences are favourable to commerce, vol. ii. p. 582-3, &c. 1560 Rhenifh wine, Guicciardini's great encomium on it, vol. ii. p. 110. 24 Rhode A. D. 1663 Rhode-Island, and Providence-Plantation, in New England, their charters, vol. ii. p. 477. 653 Rhodes, ifland of, conquered by the Saracens; with an account of its famous Coloffus, v. i. p. 47 its ancient fea-laws, vol. i. p. 179. 1194 1310 1454 1521 is taken from the Turks by the Teutonic Knights of St. John of Jerufalem, and long poffeffed by them, vol. i. p. 279. the faid Knights of St. John, in Rhodes, have affiftance from England for their defence against the Turks, vol. i. p. 477. the faid Knights of St. John are driven thence by the Turkish Sultan Solyman the Magnificent, vol. ii. p. 38. and, after various removes, they fettle on the ifle of Malta, vol. ii. p. 39. 1702 Rice of Carolina, its origin in that province related, vol. iii. p. 15. 1730 has greatly increafed in Carolina, and has confiderably fupplanted the rice of Verona, and of Egypt; and is now legally permitted to be directly exported from Carolina, and fince alfo from Georgia, to all parts fouth of Cape Finifterre, without being first landed in Great Britain, vol. iii. p. 164. 1626 Richlieu, Cardinal, his great improvements in the trade and manufactures of France, v. ii. p. 319 1642 ➖➖➖ his further improvements in France, till his death, in this year, vol. ii. p. 396. 1198 Riga, the capital city of Livonia, is founded, vol. i. p. 183. I 200 1498 1759 is fortified, and profpers much, ibid. its commercial treaty with England, vol. i. p. 553. ships, their number going to and from it this year, vol. iii. p. 313. 1135 Rivers, the firft made navigable in England, vol. i. p. 149. 1555 1606 1609 1624 1634 1635 1636 — a fummary general history of the mclioration of them, and of the harbours in England, vol. ii. p. 101. an ineffectual law for making the Thames navigable from London to Oxford, v. ii. p. 227 an artificial one brings fweet water to London, vol. ii. p. 239. of Thames, made navigable from London to Oxford, vol. ii. p. 306. of the Soare, in Leicestershire, made navigable, vol. ii. p. 359. of the Wey, in Surry, the like, vol. ii. p. 364. of the Avon and Team, in Warwickshire, the like, vol. ii. p. 367. 1346 Roads, the first toll for mending them in the fuburbs of London, vol. i. p. 321. 1524 1663 to be mended in a part of Kent and Suffex, at the expence of the lords of the manors, vol. ii. p. 44. Vide England, ibid. the firft legal turnpikes erected in England, for mending them in three counties, vol. ii. P. 474-5.-(Vide Wheel-carriage.) 1625 Rochelle, the Englifh fhips of war lent by King Charles I. to Louis XIII. of France, are now employed by the latter in the reduction of that Proteftant city, vol. ii. p. 317. 1627 1628 King Charles is fufpected of an intention of keeping it, under the pretext of relieving it, vol. ii. p. 327. he again unsuccessfully attempts its relief; and it is now taken by Louis XIII. to the ruin of the Proteftant intereft in France, vol. ii. p. 332. 1361 Rochester, fine bridge of, firft erected by Sir Robert Knollys, or Knowles; and a comparison between it and that of London, erected in 1212, vol. i. P. 386. 1681 Rochfort, town and port of, is now fortified by King Louis XIV. of France, vol. ii. p. 559. 1460 Rolling Prefs printing invented, vol. i. p. 481.-(Vide Printing.) Rolle, A. D. 895 Rollo, the Dane or Norman, firft invades that part of France called Neuftria, vol. i. p. 86. 905 the structure of his fhips, ibid. -forces a fettlement there, and changes its name to Normandy, he being created the duke thereof, vol. i. p. 88. 1380 Romantic accounts of the ifle of Freezeland, beyond Iceland, vol. i. p. 371. 7 Rome and Romans, invade Germany, and over-run it as far as the river Elbe, vol. i. p. 29. its citizens, the vaft increase of their number, ibid. 14 43 118 120 130 132 144 208 220 250 337 408 conquers the fouth parts of Britain, vol. i. p. 30. its eastern boundary is by Adrian fixed at the river Euphrates, vol. i. p. 31. Adrian builds a wall cross the island of Britain, for the protection of the Roman pro vince in it, ibid. Adrian rebuilds Jerufalem, ibid. and transplants the Jews into Spain, ibid. Urbicus builds another wall across Britain, ibid. and another, in this year, built by Severus, ibid. is invaded by barbarians on every fide, ibid. is fatally divided into the caftern and western empires, vol. i. p. 33. city of, befieged by Alaric the Goth, vol. i. p. 34. facked and taken by him, ibid. its western empire miferably harassed, ibid. the various caufes of its ruin, ibid. 410 413 455 is facked by the Vandals of Africa, vol. i. p. 35. 472 476 537 547 550 621 is wretchedly plundered by Ricimer of all that former ravagers had left, ibid. Odoacer, by mastering the city of Rome, puts a final period to the western empire, and affumes only the title of King; with reflections, ibid. is twice taken by Belifarius, general of the eastern empire's army, vol. i. p. 43., and is as often retaken by Totila, King of the Huns, ibid.. - and is again retaken by Totila, ibid. the remains of their old troops expelled Spain, vol. i. p. 46. is once more stripped of what remained of its ornaments, vol. i. p. 49. the darkness and confufion of the times immediately fucceeding its overthrow, v. i. p. 52 drains England of much of its money, by English travellers and pilgrims going thither, vol. i. p. 329. its famous Vatican library firft erected, vol. i. p. 469. its more modern magnitude and ornaments, vol. ii. p. 177. a fenfelefs, romantic account from Ireland of its magnitude, vol. iii. p. 255, its present number of inhabitants, vol. iii. p. 313. -- its modern magnitude, vol. iii. p. 328. 1252 Romney Marsh, its famous charter, constitution, and bye-laws, vol. i. p. 218. 1530 Rope-making, its antiquity at Bridport, in Dorsetshire, vol. ii. p. 51. 1080 Rofchild at this time was the capital city of Denmark, vol. i. p. 120-1.. 1658 its treaty between Denmark and Sweden, vol. ii. p. 446. 1160 Roflock, city of, its rife, &c. vol. i. p. 157. 1316 is at this time profperous, vol. i. p. 285. 1635 Rotterdam, city of, its bank is now erected, vol. ii. p. 360. 3 Rotterdam, |