which was transmitted to the earl of Shan- ticular, who narrowly escaped the ungovernnon, and by him presented to the duke of able rage of those riotous insurgents. A Bedford, must have been very agreeable to body of horse and infantry were drawn out the government at such a critical conjunc- on this occasion in order to overawe the

ture.

INSURRECTION IN DUBLIN.

multitude, which at night dispersed of itself. Next day addresses to the lord-lieutenant ALTHOUGH no traces of disaffection to his were agreed to by both houses of parliament, majesty's family appeared on this trying oc- and a committee of inquiry appointed, that casion, it must nevertheless be acknowledged, the ringleaders of the tumult might be disthat a spirit of dissatisfaction broke out with covered, and brought to condign punishment. extraordinary violence among the populace ALARM OF A DESCENT IN SCOTLAND. of Dublin. The present lord-lieutenant was WHEN the ministry of England received not remarkably popular in his administration. the first advice, that M. Thurot had escaped He had bestowed one place of considerable from Dunkirk with a small squadron of armimportance upon a gentleman whose person ed ships, having on board a body of land was obnoxious to many people in that king- troops, designed for a private expedition on dom, and perhaps failed in that affability and the coast of Scotland or Ireland, expresses condescension which a free and ferocious were immediately dispatched to the comnation expects to find in the character of manding officers of the forces in North him to whose rule they are subjected. Britain, with orders to put the forts along Whether the offence taken at his deport- the coast of that kingdom in the best posment had created enemies to his person, or ture of defence; and to hold everything in the nation in general began to entertain readiness to repel the enemy, in case they doubts and jealousies of the government's should attempt a descent. In consequence designs, certain it is, great pains were taken of these instructions, beacons were erected to propagate a belief among the lower sort for the immediate communication of intelof people, that a union would soon be effect-ligence; places of rendezvous appointed for ed between Great Britain and Ireland; in the regular troops and militia; and strict which case this last kingdom would be de- orders issued that no officer should absent prived of its parliament and independency, himself from his duty, on any pretence and be subjected to the same taxes that are whatever. The greatest encomium that levied upon the people of England. This can be given to the character of this parnotion inflamed the populace to such a de- tisan, is an account of the alarm which the gree, that they assembled in a prodigious sailing of his puny armament spread through multitude, broke into the house of lords, in- the whole extent of such a powerful kingsulted the peers, seated an old woman on the dom, whose fleets covered the ocean. Perthrone, and searched for the journals, which, haps Thurot's career would have been sooner had they been found, they would have com- stopped, had commodore Boys been victualled mitted to the flames. Not content with this for a longer cruise; but this commander outrage, they compelled the members of was obliged to put into Leith for a supply both houses, whom they met in the streets, of provisions, at the very time when Thurot to take an oath that they would never con- was seen hovering on the coast near Abersent to such a union, or give any vote con- deen; and, before the English squadron was trary to the true interest of Ireland. Divers provided for the prosecution of the cruise, coaches belonging to obnoxious persons were the other had taken shelter at Gottenburgh, destroyed, and their horses killed; and a in Sweden.

gibbet was erected for one gentleman in par

NOTES TO CHAPTER XVI.

CHAPTER XVII.

State of the Island of Martinique-Expedition against that Island-Attempt upon Saint Pierre-Descent on the Island of Guadaloupe-Skirmishes with the Islanders-Fort Louis reduced-Fate of Colonel Debrisay-The English Fleet sails to Dominique-General Barrington takes Gosier, and storms the Post of LicorneHe takes Petitbourg and Saint Mary's—The Island capitulates-Island of Marigalante taken by General Barrington-He returns to England-Treaty with the Indians in North America-Plan of the Campaign-Ticonderoga and Crown-Point abandoned by the French-General Amherst embarks on Lake Champlain-Niagara reduced-Introduction to the Expedition against Quebec-General Wolfe lands on the Island of Orleans, and takes Point-Levi-The English Fleet damaged by a Storm-General Wolfe encamps near the Falls of the River Montmorenci, and attacks the French Intrenchments there, but is repulsed-Brigadier Murray detached up the River-Council of War called-The Troops land at the Heights of Abraham-Battle of Quebec-Quebec taken-Rejoicings in England.

STATE OF THE ISLAND OF MARTINIQUE. | for the commodities which they exported; HAVING finished the detail of the actions of consequence, the former was valued at achieved in the European seas, by the naval as high a price as their avarice could exact, force of Great Britain, within the compass and the latter sunk as low in value as theit of the present year, we shall now proceed own selfish hearts could conceive: that the to record the exploits of the British arms colony for two months had been destitute within the tropics, and particularly the ex- of all kinds of provision; the commodities pedition to Martinique and Guadaloupe, of the planters lay upon their hands, and which is said to have succeeded even be- their negroes were in danger of perishing yond the expectation of the ministry. A plan through hunger; a circumstance that exhad been formed for improving the success cited the apprehension of the most dreadful of the preceding year in North America, consequences; as to slaves, half starved, all by carrying the British arms up the river kinds of bondage were equal; and people St. Laurence, and besieging Quebec, the reduced to such a situation were often driven capital of Canada. The armament employ- to despair, seeking in anarchy and confusion ed against the French islands of Martinique a remedy from the evils by which they were and Guadaloupe constituted part of this de- oppressed: that the best provided of the insign, inasmuch as the troops embarked on habitants labored under the want of the that expedition were, in case of a miscar- common necessaries of life; and others had riage at Martinique, intended to reinforce not so much as a grain of salt in their houses: the British army in North America, which that there was an irreparable scarcity of was justly considered as the chief seat of slaves to cultivate their land; and the plantthe war. What hope of success the admin-ers were reduced to the necessity of killing istration conceived from an attempt upon their own cattle to support the lives of those Martinique, may be guessed from the state who remained alive; so that the mills were of that island, as it appeared in a memorial no longer worked, and the inhabitants conpresented by the French king's lieutenants sumed beforehand what ought to be reservof its several districts, to the general of the ed for their sustenance, in case of being French island, in consequence of an order blocked up by the enemy. They desired, issued in November, for holding them in therefore, that the general would suppress readiness to march and defend the island the permission granted to particular merfrom the English, of whose design they chants, and admit neutral vessels freely into were apprized. They represented that the their ports, that they might trade with the trade with the Dutch was become their sole colonists unmolested and unrestrained. They dependence, that they could expect no suc- observed, that the citadel of Port Royal cor from Europe, by which they had been seemed the principal object on which the abandoned ever since the commencement safety and defence of the country depended; of the war: that the traders vested with the as the loss of it would be necessarily attendprivileges of trafficking among them had ed with the reduction of the whole island: abused the intention of the general; and, they therefore advised that this fort should instead of being of service to the colony, be properly provided with everything neceshad fixed an arbitrary price for all the pro- sary for its safety and defence; and that visions which they brought in, as well as magazines of provision, as well as ammuni

tion, should be established in different quar- Next morning the squadron discovered the ters of the island. This remonstrance plain- island of Martinique, which was the place ly proves that the island was wholly unpre- of its destination. The chief fortification pared to repel the meditated invasión, and of Martinique was the citadel of Port-Royal, justifies the plan adopted by the ministry a regular fort, garrisoned by four companies, of Great Britain. The regular troops of that did not exceed the number of one hunMartinique consisted of about twenty inde- dred and fifty men, thirty-six bombardiers, pendent companies, greatly defective in eighty Swiss, and fourteen officers. One point of number. The militia was com- hundred barrels of beef constituted their posed of burghers and planters distressed whole store of provision; and they were and dissatisfied, mingled with a parcel of destitute of all other necessaries. They wretched negro slaves, groaning under the were almost wholly unprovided with water most intolerable misery, from whence they in the cisterns, with spare carriages for could have no hope of deliverance but by a their cannon, match, wadding, and langrage: speedy change of masters; their magazines they had but a small stock of other ammuwere empty, and their fortifications out of nition; and the walls were in many parts repair. decayed. The only preparations they had EXPEDITION AGAINST THAT ISLAND. made for receiving the English were some SUCH was the state of Martinique, when paltry intrenchments thrown up at Saint the inhabitants every day expected a visit Pierre, and a place called Casdenavires, from the British armament, whose progress where they imagined the descent would we shall now relate. On the twelfth day probably be attempted. On the fifteenth of November, in the preceding year, cap- day of the month, the British squadron entain Hughes sailed from St. Helen's with tered the great bay of Port-Royal, some of eight sail of the line, one frigate, four bomb- the ships being exposed to the shot of a ketches, and a fleet of transports, having on battery erected on the isle de Ranieres, a board six regiments of infantry, and a de- little island about half-way up the bay. At tachment of artillery, besides eight hundred their first appearance, the Florissant, of marines distributed among the ships of war; seventy-four guns, which had been so roughthis whole force being under the command ly handled by captain Tyrrel in the Buckof major-general Hopson, an old experienced ingham, then lying under the guns of Fortofficer, assisted by major-general Barring- Negro, along with two frigates, turned up ton, the colonels Armiger and Haldane, the under the citadel, and came to an anchor in lieutenant-colonels Trapaud and Clavering, the Carenage, behind the fortification. One acting in the capacity of brigadiers. After frigate, called the Vestal, under favor of the a voyage of seven weeks and three days, night, made her escape through the transthe fleet arrived at Barbadoes, and anchored ports, and directed her course for Europe; in Carlisle-bay; where they joined commo- where she was taken by captain Hood, as dore Moore, appointed by his majesty to we have already related. Next day three command the united squadron, amounting ships of the line were ordered to attack to ten ships of the line, besides frigates and Fort-Negro, a battery at the distance of bomb-ketches. Ten days were employed in three miles from the citadel, which, being supplying the fleet with wood and water, mounted with seven guns only, was soon in waiting for the hospital ship, in reviews, silenced, and immediately possessed by a reimbarkations, councils of war, assemblies detachment of marines and sailors; who, of the council belonging to the island, in being landed in flat-bottomed boats, clamissuing proclamations, and beating up for bered up the rock, and entered through the volunteers. At length, every great ship embrasures with their bayonets fixed. Here, being reinforced with forty negroes, to be however, they met with no resistance: the employed in drawing the artillery; and the enemy had abandoned the fort with precipitroops, which did not exceed five thousand tation. The British colors were immediateeight hundred men, being joined by two ly hoisted, and sentinels of marines posted hundred Highlanders, belonging to the sec- upon the parapet. The next care was to ond battalion of the regiment commanded spike and disable the cannon, break the by lord John Murray in North America, who carriages, and destroy the powder which were brought as recruits from Scotland un- they found in the magazine: nevertheless, der convoy of the ship Ludlow-castle; the the detachment was ordered to keep posseswhole armament sailed from Carlisle-bay sion of the battery. This service being on the thirteenth day of January; but by successfully performed, three ships were this time the troops, unaccustomed to a hot sent to reduce the other battery at Casdeclimate, were considerably weakened and navires, which consisted only of four guns, reduced by fevers, diarrhoeas, the scurvy, and these were soon rendered unserviceaand the small-pox; which last disease had ble. The French troops, reinforced with anhappily broke out amongst the transports. militia which had been detached from the

ATTEMPT UPON ST. PIERRE.

citadel to oppose the disembarkation, per- Their attempt on the Morne Tortueson had ceiving the whole British squadron, and all cost them several men, including two offithe transports, already within the bay, and cers, killed or wounded in the attack; and, Fort-Negro occupied by the marines, retired in revenge for this loss, they burned the to Port-Royal, leaving the beach open; so sugar-canes, and desolated the country, in that the English troops were landed without their retreat. The inhabitants of Martinopposition; and, being formed, advanced ique could hardly credit the testimony of into the country towards Fort-Negro, in the their own senses, when they saw themselves neighborhood of which they lay all night thus delivered from all their fears, at a time upon their arms; while the fleet, which had when they were overwhelmed with terror been galled by bomb-shells from the citadel, and confusion; when the principal individshifted their station, and stood further up uals among them had resigned all thought the bay. By ten next day, the English offi- of further resistance: and were actually cers had brought up some field-pieces to an assembled at the public hall in Port-Royal, eminence, and scoured the woods, from to send deputies to the English general, with whence the troops had been greatly annoyed proposals of capitulation and surrender. by the small shot of the enemy during the best part of the night, and all that morning. THE majority of the British officers, who At noon the British forces advanced in or- constituted a council of war held for this der towards the hill that overlooked the purpose (2), having given their opinion, town and citadel of Port-Royal, and sus that it might be for his majesty's service to tained a troublesome fire from enemies they make an attack upon St. Pierre, the fleet could not see: for the French militia were proceeded to that part of the island, and entirely covered by the woods and bushes. entered the bay on the nineteenth. The This eminence, called the Morne Tortue- commodore told the general, that he made son, though the most important post of the no doubt of being able to reduce the town whole island, was neglected by the general of St. Pierre: but as the ships might be of Martinique, who had resolved to blow up disabled in the attack, so as not to be in a the fortifications of the citadel: but, luckily condition to proceed immediately on any for the islanders, he had not prepared the material service; as the troops might be rematerials for this operation, which must duced in their numbers, so as to be incapahave been attended with the immediate de- ble of future attacks; and as the reduction struction of the capital, and indeed of the of the island of Guadaloupe would be of whole country. Some of the inferior offi- great benefit to the sugar colonies; Mr. cers, knowing the importance of the Morne Moore proposed that the armament should Tortueson, resolved to defend that post with immediately proceed to that island and the a body of the militia, which was reinforced general agreed to the proposal. The reaby the garrisons of Fort-Negro and Casde- sons produced on this occasion are, we apnavires, as well as by some soldiers detach- prehend, such as may be urged against ed from the Florissant: but, notwithstand- every operation of war. Certain it is, no ing all their endeavors, as they were en- conquest can be attempted, either by sea or tirely unprovided with cannon, extremely land, without exposing the ships and troops defective in point of discipline, dispirited to a possibility of being disabled and diminby the pusillanimity of their governor, and ished; and the same possibility militated as in a great measure disconcerted by the gen- strongly against an attempt upon Guadaeral consternation that prevailed among the loupe, as it could possibly discourage the atinhabitants, in all probability they could not tack of St. Pierre. Besides, Martinique have withstood a spirited and well-conduct- was an object of greater importance than ed attack by regular forces. About two Guadaloupe (3); as being the principal o'clock general Hopson thought proper to place possessed by the French in those seas, desist from his attempt. He gave the com- and that to which the operations of the armodore to understand that he could not mament were expressly limited by the inmaintain his ground, unless the squadron structions received from the ministry. St. would supply him with heavy cannon, land- Pierre was a place of considerable comed near the town of Port-Royal, at a savan-merce; and at that very juncture above forty nah, where the boats must have been greatly sail of merchant-ships lay at anchor in the exposed to the fire of the enemy; or assist bay. The town was defended by a citadel him in attacking the citadel by sea, while regularly fortified, but at that time poorly he should make his approaches by land. garrisoned, and so situated as to be accessiBoth these expedients (1) being deemed im- ble to the fire of the whole squadron; for practicable by a council of war, the troops the shore was bold, and the water sufficient were recalled from their advanced posts, to float any ship of the line. Before the and reimbarked in the evening, without any resolution of proceeding to Guadaloupe was considerable molestation from the enemy. taken, the commodore had ordered the bay

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