MANCHESTER GRAND SHIP CANAL day, as Old Neptune, delighting to rove, immoned the Naiads and nymphs of his train; ie Land's End of England appear'd in full view: dered the nymphs his return to await, re, as he cautiously rounded the coast, g lest in the quicksands he might have been lost, s often oblig'd on the bottom to creep, ld the effects of the steam-paddles' sweep; tis said, but I know not how true it may be his back got a scratch in his efforts to flee; at as it may, a taunt ship he espied, lose in her wake he went on with the tide, inding his way rather cramp'd and confin'd, ayed to turn and see what was behind; in were his efforts to set himself free, only kept bruising his arms and his knee: the Monarch should thus be confin'd to a space, in insult, he said, that no time could efface; ell'd thus to move in a different sphere, by seem'd to him like the length of a year; gth he approach'd what the end seem'd to be, least, he observed that his arms were set free, raising his head above water, he found, we'd got into what appear'd just like a pond; gd and astonish'd at what now appear'd, I'd with himself, as he strok'd down his beard. this be proud Liverpool, fam'd for her ships, alth and her docks, and her piers and her slips? Gean these long chimneys-these smells that confound?" he Monarch, as sternly he look'd him aroundthese be her riggers, her pilots, her tars? ese be the men who retir'd from the wars, yinow as porters, or boatmen in wherries, Try the passengers over the ferries? these squalid fellows could never have been 7 welcomed the ship with their cheers long and loud; th, one more knowing than others drew near, wing survey'd both his beard and his spear a down as a customer-come from abroad, ndly he offer'd to show him the road, Ang that-if you want aught in my line, colicos, muslins, and bobbin, and twine. unt," cried the monarch, and brandish'd his spear, ay you inform me, all you who stand near, eam I? who are you? that thus dare confine eptune as if with a cord or a line." sound of his name down all fell on their knees, a deity whom they most wish'd to appease, mplored his pow'rful protection and aid half of the Manchester ship-canal trade; Monarch, indignant at what he called treason, contrary, too, to the dictates of reason, d them in future to stick to their jennies, in aping their betters not make themselves ninnies, das for your ditch here, why take it for granted, ›rotection in this case will never be wanted.” Neptune on this disappear'd from their view ring doubts if this prophecy e'er should come true; How he got out to sea I have not heard it said, [INSERTED BY PARTICULAR DESIRE.] LINES ADDRESSED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL NATIONAL INSTI- 'Tis Night's most awful hour, her solemn noon! A scene of mortal agony displays! Or some dark Pagans, who have never known The shipwreck'd seaman cast upon their shore. Be ye Hail, ye enlighten'd sons of British sires, Who, as Philanthropy's pure flame aspires, Were first to quicken, by its rising rays, And through your Country pour its glorious blaze! Boldly go on!-yours is a noble strife, The prize ye seek, not less than human life! Bound by no party, to no clime confin'd, the general guardians of mankind! Wipe off your Country's shame, the only cloud That can her splendour for an instant shroud; From the Equator to the frozen Pole, Bid the rich tide of social feeling roll! Bid every nation join the generous plan, And in each sufferer, hail a brother man! And thou, my Brother!" on whose bounteous heart First fell the spark, that can such hopes impart; Sir William Hillary, Bart, author of "An Appeal to the British Nation on the Humanity and Policy of forming a National Institution for the preservation of Life from Shipwreck." Great was the power, which led thee 'midst the storm, 'Twas not the wrath of Heaven which bade thee know ASSIZE WEEK AT YORK: ARRIVAL OF THE JUDGES, WITH THE LORD MAYOR'S AND HIOM SHERIFF'S PROCESSION, &C. TO MEET THEM [FROM A COTEMPORARY JOURNAL.] Hark! what loud clangors echo round and round! Lean scraggy necks, on which each head is seen They of the van, announce the grand approach, His splendid liveries with the Sheriff's vie, As ever and anon the trumpets sound, Dogs bark, and children shout, and rend the ambient airt • Henry the Eight. When we were lately at Lancaster during the Assizes. we saw some very stout good-looking yeomen, bearing bal berds, who would not have disgraced any court, or any age Edit. Kal. TRUE HAPPINESS. In your own breast alone it lies Think yourself happy, and you are. The Philanthropist. We have been requested to give a place in the Kaleidoscope to the following article, on the subject of Mr. Martin's bill; and our supplement has afforded us the opportunity of transcribing it, with convenience to ourselves, and without loss to our readers. We are very much interested in the subject, and are not without hopes that a society for the prevention or punishment of wanton cruelty will be established in this town, either as an independent body, or as a branch of the London Association.-Edit. Kal. That owe their pleasure to another's pain." We regret that Mr. Martin has failed in his laudable attempt to introduce a bill into Parliament to amend and extend the powers of the third act of George IV. c. 71. The numbers in favour of the motion were 23, against it 32; majority 10. We extremely lament this failure, because both the right and the argument are decidedly on the side of Mr. Martin, who, we trust, will persevere in his commendable efforts to wipe out one of the foulest stains which disgrace our country. We shall avail ourselves of the earliest convenient opportunity to express our opinions more fully upon this interesting subject; when we shall be reluctantly obliged to reprobate the heartless levity with which one of the leading London journals has treated it. The pains the editor of the Morning Chronicle has taken to burlesque Mr. Martin, and to palliate the enormities which that gentleman is so anxious to extirpate or to punish, must have somewhat lowered the character of a valuable journal in the opinion of the better part of the community. 66 Since we wrote the foregoing remarks, which were in- left between the bars for the dogs to get in and out. The coaches."-"The coach is ready to go. Sir."—"G We have next the character of a Mr. Allat, was is always upon the brink of good fortune, and surred most, but not quite he was very near making's every thing all but a trifle. He was always b tune, only he could not make his title good to s very nearly elected member for Rottenborough, By a prospectus with which we have just been favoured the election all but one vote: his horse Standa by the committee, we learn that a society for the preven- very near gaining the Derby last year, all but hat. very best race-horse in England, only he shyed; tion of wanton cruelty to animals has at length been was very nearly marrying the great heiress, Min My formed in London, under the most promising auspices. penny, only she was previously engaged: va It is an object we have long had much at heart, and the getting a £20,000 prizes was only short by ne individual who writes this paragraph, succeeded, fifteen or To all this, his friend, a man of few words, is sixteen years ago, in calling the attention of his townsmen but an emphatic "Indeed!" and "You don't to listen with profound attention, and to make tem to the subject, at a meeting convened for the purpose. Thus, Old Allbut says, "I was very near finding as a A report was laid before that meeting and fully approved; perpetual motion.""Indeed!" "I constructed and the objects of its framers would have been carried into "You don't say so!"-" A clock that was to p active operation, had not some of the committee, by aiming for nine years."" Indeed !"—" Only it stopped a end of the first year."at too much, prevented the accomplishment of the good nearly as good a voice as Mr. Braham. Indeed "You don't say so!"-" Those who consider that it is beneath the dignity of Par-which was clearly attainable. These gentlemen were for Only it broke in my youth."-"You don't say liament to legislate for the brute creation, contend that such legislating so minutely, as to subject the views of the pro- I found two hundred sovereigns in the street this my a law as that proposed by Mr. Martin would open the door posed society to misrepresentation, and to create a suspi.ing, in a purse.”—“ Indeed !""Only another man, 31 to endless and frivolous litigation, at the whim of every cion, that the objects of their interference would be too fri-yards before me, picked it up."-"You don't say sentimental Quixotte, who might "have a call" to inter- volous to be countenanced by any but Utopian enthusiasts. news from South America.". Yesterday morning, I very nearly lost £50,000 b ." Indeed!"fere in behalf of rats, mice, and other vermin. The London Society may depend upon our hearty co-turned out not to be true."-"You don't say se! operation in any measure which may tend to prevent or was within an ace of making my fortune last week. diminish wanton cruelty to animals,; which we hold in capital scheme."-" Indeed!" But it did not send such detestation, that we do not hesitate to say, at the risk humour that would be given to such a dialogue by "You don't say so !"-The public will image. of being laughed at by the Morning Chronicle, that the MATHEWS's changes of voice and of countenance man, who, either in the necessary destruction of animals for his food, or in using them for his pleasure, inflicts one unnecessary pang, is a wretch whom we hold in greater abhorrence than a thief, and we were going to add, a liar but that would border perhaps upon exaggeration; as the latter character is the object of our superlative detestation. In our opinion never was objection more groundless, or less supported by inference deduced from experience. Our own apprehensions are, indeed, in the other extreme. We fear that were Mr. Martin's bill to pass into a law, there would be a paucity rather than an abundance of humane, active, and public-spirited individuals to enforce it. Where we should meet with one instance of inconvenience, arising from a frivolous appeal to the new law in favour of the brute creation, we fear that hundreds of atrocious and punishable cases of cruelty would still be suffered to pass with impunity. This apprehension is countenanced by what we see every day passing before our eyes, in the public streets and dock-quays of our town. There is already a by-law to punish carters detected in the act of loading their horses beyond a specified weight; and yet every day this law is scandalously disregarded and the number of convictions, we will venture to say, do not bear the proportion of one in fifty to the offence. So much for the affected dread that much mischief and inconvenience is likely to arise from a super. abundance of zeal in the cause of the brute creation. Since we wrote the foregoing paragraphs we have been disgusted by a perusal of the following disgraceful notice, which has appeared in many of the London and provincial papers, without note cr commentary. If such scenes as these are permitted, we shall soon rival the savage Romans, in every thing but their good qualities and manly virtues : "The Lion and Mastiff Fight.—Worcester race-course is the place fixed on for the approaching fight for 5000 sovereigns, between Mr. Wombwell's lion, Nero, and the six mastiffs. A temporary amphitheatre will, it is said, be erected, and a circular den, thirty-six feet in circumferance, made in the centre, while a sufficient space will be which we shall forward to the London Society, was drawn Chit Chat. Another scene relates to the Bubbles of the day-Ang the Joint Stock Companies, and many of the his however, too much of it, and some of the jokes good, and are given in MATHEWs's best style. The poor. The first is the "New London Adonis Hair Company-a machine for curling hair, twenty barber power, without the aid of steam; steam puts the har of curl." This is confessed to be a hair-brain sche rican, Antibilious Pill Company-A Bread C Then there is "A New European, Asiatic, Affi conducted by persons never bred to any thi Company, involving all the pumps in the m environs A Mining Company, calculated t every thing-A Company for Boring the Thames, is boring the whole town." We have now wily S man, who wants to establish A New Water C and only to raise the small sum of £1,000,000, if he find an Attorney who will be prevailed upen to act fit the Society. A Pickle Girkin Company-A London Simneki Company, capital £1,000,000, to supply iron pipes, in the United Kingdom-[aside] this is one way to ply London smoke to all the watering places and a pipe-a Metropolitan Boring Company, for boring a po posed Tunnel to the Antipodes: it is proposed to car passengers and parcels by an easy mode of conveyanet any person may dine with a friend at Calcutta, and re supplying buckets) to pay a visit to the Antipodes, in the evening. Ladies and gentlemen are to There is a very effective dialogue between Testy, a head foremost, and the motion will be so rapid, that surly passenger, whose peace and slumbers are destroyed will not know their head from their heels-Lord Dr by the incurable vocal propensity of his fellow-traveller, a Peer, very rich, very stupid, and very anxious to be time, Sir. Quiverton: singing, "Time has not thinned man's secret plan of a Company to dig for a silver ycleped Quiverton.-Coachman: "You're never behinti gaged in business, is now introduced to receive the Sec my flowing hair.""The coach is ready, Sir," Hark! Primrose-hill-the scheme a profound secret, and p the hour of night approaches hark! I hear the sound of calculated to a fraction-the capital £1,000,000; no p MR. MATHEWS. The following brief sketch of some of the parts of the entertainment of Mr. Mathews may serve to give our readers some idea of the nature of the treat which it furnishes. Still, however, the fragments which we give transition from one character to another-this, which conare merely words; the intonation, the look, the rapid stitutes so great a charm, is wanting. ke more than 500, nor less than 100, shares one pound sit on each share, and the rest will never be called get so much silver that in ten years all Pancras parish be lighted with silver lamp-posts." The Albion Antion New Nut-cracker Company had never succeeded the Colonel left them. A company for making boots rry the wearer one hundred miles a-dayOh," Lord Drowsy, "you will have to drag the machine you." Never mind, my Lord, we will make that nt cooling-machine.' A company for M'Adamizing roofs and chimneys, which will convert all the innts into martyrs, like St. Stephen, stoning them to At this moment an unfortunate subscriber runs in less, and attacks Mr. Fleece, the proprietor, with here is my fifty pounds?" What fifty pounds?' he fifty pounds I paid you for the speculation." I ak in my book for it; but, hush! don't make a "You told me if I put fifty pounds in your you would make a great deal of it.”— Oh, oh, I ; the scheme for building a bridge across the New that is all over; the bill was not carried through use." But where is my £50 bill?"Oh, that 13 cared through the house. The last scheme is f a six king balloon, for raising articles from wrecks. aachie to be made of silk, to keep the water out, be covered with nets, to keep off the fishes. Supsays a subscriber, you are under water too long, what où do for a bed and supper? Perhaps, says Mr. , you may light on a bed of oysters; then you'll sup per and bed too. I EXTRAORDINARY MURDER. the consumers. I have no positive evidence to adduce of this; but I think it is reasonable to suppose that they would do that, which it is manifestly so much to their interest to do, and which, in the absence of efficient competition, can be done with so much facility. It is to this combination that we must, in a great measure, attribute the present enormous price of English iron. A great consumption for the iron rail-ways is anticipated; and the consumers of iron have, no doubt, displayed a considerable eagerness to purchase. Of this anxiety the iron masters have not failed to take due advantage; and the conse quence is, that the price of English iron has advanced from £9 to £15. A murder, it is reported, took place a few days since, in or near Ogdensburgh, in St. Lawrence county, attended with very aggravated and extraordinary circumstances. We have not heard the names of the parties; the leading facts, according to the reports in circulation, are these:-A man in that vicinity, shortly after receiving 2,000 dollars in cash, went with his wife to visit some distant friends, leaving his house and family in charge of his daughter, about eighteen years of age, and a hired girl, not much older. During his absence, a traveller put up, one evening, at a tavern on the opposite side of the road, where, after supper, he overheard some conversation, The price still continues on the advance; so that it is which excited his suspicions that a plan was on foot for not possible to say what height it may reach: but, even if robbing him. He accordingly left the tavern, and went it remains any length of time where it is at present, it is over to the neighbouring house, and introducing himself quite evident that the consequences must be fatal in the to the daughter, as the friend of her absent father, soli- extreme. The proprietors of the rail-roads can no longer cited lodging. The young woman objected, but at length hope to derive a profit from their undertakings; and, conconsented, upon condition that they might lock him up in sequently, either these works of national utility must be his chamber. Not satisfied, however, with this precaution, abandoned (the loss of an advantage the magnitude of which before they retired, they stepped over to the tavern, and it is difficult to estimate) or, if still persisted in, it can only invited the landlord's daughter to sleep with them. She be at the expense of the utter ruin of the manufacturers in came, and slept with the hired girl below stairs, while the this metal. It is well known, and the papers I had from young lady of the house occupied a room in the second you prove, that articles of hardware are an important story, adjoining the stranger's chamber. About one o'clock branch of our export trade. Now, in consequence of the in the morning the daughter was awakened by her guest, rise in the price of the raw material, the manufacturer who requested to be released. She declined opening the must so raise the price of his goods, that, not to mention door, until convinced of his honourable intentions, and the diminution of the consumption in this country, they alarmed by noises from below, which the stranger said must be positively excluded from foreign markets, from were indicative of robbery and murder. She silently fol- their inability to compete with the productions of rival comes an Irish domestic broil between Terence O'Fa-lowed him to the foot of the stairs, where they heard, in a countries, who have a better and a cheaper article at their nd his wife.-"What's the charge; what's against voice recognised as the landlord's, the appalling exclama- command. But the mischief does not end here. At this Mr. O'Fagan ?" The iron bar is against me, plase tion, "I have killed my own daughter!" "At that instant the period by far the greatest number of our manufactures are Ionor, and that's all that's against Terence O'Fagan.' speaker came out of the girls' bed-room, and as he ap-the result of the use of machinery, in the construction of plase your Worship (roars Mrs. O'Fagan) he bates proached, the stranger, with a pistol, shot him through the which the very best iron is employed. Now, if this is e, and I was kilt last night by him. Blow your heart. The report, in a moment, brought a second rob- only to be obtained at a greater price than that at which my bay (to her child) to plase his Worship, and spake ber to the spot, who shared the same fate; a third one, foreign countries are able to procure it, it follows that a nan."Will your Worship hear Terence O'Fagan, who had just filled his pockets with the 2,000 dollars, then formidable obstacle stands in the way of the improvement he gets no blow at all from Terence, but she gets so approached with an iron bludgeon, and aimed a blow at of that branch of productive industry, in which this counthat she does not know me from a pump-handle; the head of the stranger. He evaded it, and closing in try, in consequence of the peculiar advantage which she e takes two ounces of snuff a day.'Och, your with the robber, soon brought him to the floor, and, with enjoys, would otherwise stand pre-eminent and unrivalled, ip (dropping a curtsey) what is two ounces of snuff the aid of the young lady, succeeded in tying him. They and to which she owes all her present greatness and prosfor a poor cratur that gives suck ?" But the differ- then hastened to the bed-room, where a dreadful spectacle perity. etween Terence O'Fagun and his wife is appeased, Blood, and were dead; and the fire was so scattered and presented itself. The two girls were weltering in their kindled about the room, that in a few moments it would have been all in a blaze.-Salem Washington County) Post, Feb. 23. e parties scud home to sin no more, Man of All Work. The following dialogue took tourtois, I have caused inquiries to be made respecting hackney-coachman ?"—"Yes, Sir." stealer of dogs for the School of Medicine?""Tis 3r." ain a hackney-coachman ?"-" Yes, Sir." with these animals.” The Envestigator. [Comprehending Political Economy, Statistics, Jurispru- A LETTER TO JOSEPH HUME, ESQ. M. P. BY H. I. PRESCOTT. courtois (with great animation) "I never stole any tertain gentleman lately paid a visit to a lady of his intance who was newly married, and who was attired e modern indecent fashion; after the usual compli, be familiary said, "I hope you have a good husband, am "Yes, Sir," replied she, "and a good man -I don't know what to say about his goodress," d the gentleman rather bluntly, for I have always tood that a good man should clothe his wife, but As you go half naked." Charleston paper says" The misfortune of having Iron, drawn or hammer of his fingers bit off is briefly offered, by a western r, as an apology for the delay in publishing his paper." 0 per ton. 0 per cent. ad valorem. 17 ed less than of an in. .20 Te might add, that this editor, having lost a FINGER, Iron ore............... d in need of somebody to lend him a HAND. 17 6 per ton. Steel...............about50 0 0 per cent. ad valorem. Peg too Low-Frequent and bloody were the quar- It is my opinion, on mature consideration, that £13 or £13 10s. free of duty, is a fair remunerating price for Swedish iron: and I will state the chief ground on which I form my opinion. Until the present moment, when it has participated a little (although not in its just proportion) in the improvement which has taken place in British iron, £12 per ton had for some time been the price, it has, indeed, been as low as £11 11s.: with £12, however, our correspondents have expressed themselves satisfied; the mines and forges have continued in activity; and we have continued to receive consignments. It is true that it then paid only a ballast-freight of 5s. or 10s. per ton: but I have taken the opinion of persons of great experience in the trade, who declare, that, supposing it were to become an article of regular import, it could come at a freight of 20s. and certainly not above 30s. It appears, then, cer. tain, that it could be sent here at £13 10s. per ton. Now, in consequence of its superior quality, it commands a price, as shown in the East India market, of about £3 per ton more than English iron; so that, if the duty were removed, it would keep down the price of English iron to £11, or thereabouts; and the evils of the monopoly would in this manner be removed. At this price, I think, Sweden could supply an unlimited quantity; for, although it is true, that, as the mines be come deeper, and fuel becomes scarcer, the difficulty of pro. duction will be increased; yet, in a country which con tains mountains of iron ore, and the greater part of which is one continued forest, so long a period must elapse before a deficiency of either ore or fuel can be sensibly felt, that, we may, I think, safely exclude this circumstance from our calculation. The quantity of iron exported from Stockholm in the year 1822, and also in 1824, was 36,000 tons. Sweden, in general exports, perhaps 100 or 120,000 tons; but as, of course, her production has been limited by the demand, we cannot conclude any thing from this relative to her powers. It may be as well to mention here, that pig iron and iron ore may not be exported from Sweden, for the vain and futile purpose of giving employment to the forge-workers. The following is about the quantity, according to the London price current, imported into England in the last 3 years: 1822. Imported... 8333 4833 1823. 10333 3750 6583 1824. 10914 tons. 3166 7748 The re-exportation has fallen off in the last year, probably in consequence of there having been no East India contract as usual. The average balance for home consumption appears then to be about 6000 tons. About 2000 or 3000 of this balance comes from Oregrund in Sweden. It is the whole produce of a particular mine, and is of peculiarly fine quality. Mr. Sykes, of Hull, is the proprietor of the mine, or at any rate has been entitled to the produce for a great many years. In detailing above the injury of which the high duty on foreign iron is productive, I have omitted to allude to a circumstance which is, at the present moment, one of considerable importance. In speaking of machinery, I have shown how a high price of the chief material of which it is constructed, must produce a detrimental effect on the trade in manufactured goods in general. I should also have pointed out in particular the effects it must produce on machinery itself, viewed as a commodity. Let us just observe what is the united effect of the high duty, and the absurd prohibition which our forefathers have imposed on the exportation of machinery. Foreigners have the good material, but no artisans; we have artisans, but not the material; and since the material cannot come to them, those who produce machines for our own use are obliged to content themselves with a bad article: while those who produce for foreign use, go cheerfully to countries where they can find a better. Even if the prohibition be not abolished, the removal of the high duty, as I have shown above, will be a benefit, in giving us better machines; but if, as 1 hope, that impolitic law be abrogated, it will be productive of the additional good of inducing our machine-makers to remain at home, and of enabling us on It appears, then, if the duty is reduced to about £1 or fair terms to compete with others in the manufacture of a £2 per ton, as the quantity of foreign iron which would be commodity which is every day coming more and more imported would be considerably increased, that the reve- into demand. nue would not only sustain no loss, but would even be Before I conclude, I should not forget to remark, that greatly augmented by the reduction. But it may be ar. most of the arguments which I have urged in favour of the gued, on the soundest principles, that the English iron repeal of the duties on iron will apply with equal force to masters are entitled to no protection whatever, or rather the cases of steel and copper; the duty on the latter of which that much positive mischief must result from such protec- is about £55 per ton, and of course absolutely prohibitive. tion, however small it may be, since it is evident that by That the duties on all will be repealed, I can indeed such a regulation capital must be allowed to an employ-scarcely doubt, when I see how sincere a disposition the ment less productive than that which it would have sought best and ablest members of the legislature manifest to of its own accord. If a revenue must be raised on this remove these pernicious restrictions, and when I reflect commodity, let them both be taxed; for the effects of that a favourable opportunity being all that is asked for, partial taxation never can be otherwise than pernicious. that opportunity presents itself. I am, Sir, Another quantity of 2000 or 3000 tons comes from Russia, being considered by far most adapted for making horse. shoes. The remainder may be the produce of Sweden in general, and is bought occasionally, and in small parcels, for particular purposes. Little or no iron comes from Russia on transit. Your most obedient Servant, London, February 17, 1825. MR. BROUGHAM'S SPEECH, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. super future life. For the distracting cares of the world crow There is one thing which cannot be too much impressed on the minds of those who may have any influence in getting the wished-for measure put into execution; viz. the peculiar fitness of the present moment for accomplishing the proposed alteration. New regulations in general, however much they tend to promote the public good, are usually the cause of loss and misery to some parties; but in the present case this lamentable effect would not be UPON HIS INSTALLATION AS LORD RECTOR OF THE mortal originals. This argument, the thin covering en produced in the smallest degree. The demand will be so much increased, as soon as the rail-road companies, water Companies, and others begin their operations, that it will be quite sufficient to take off, as well the produce of Eng. land, as all that Sweden and Russia will at first be able to supply. Thus, neither will there be any capital rendered useless, nor any labourers thrown out of employ ment; but, on the contrary, I have shown that these are among the very evils which are to be apprehended, should the prohibitive duty be retained. One event which has recently occurred, leads me to entertain strong hopes that the duty will be soon removed: it is this, viz. that a new tariff has just been issued in Sweden, the difference between which and the old one. consists in regulations, the tendency of which is to extend the freedom of trade. No material alteration, however, has taken place in favour of British commodities; but I am informed by the Consul, that it is only a measure preliminary to treaties taking place with foreign powers, for the purpose of establishing a freer intercourse on principles of reciprocity; and I have reason to believe that the Swedish Ambassador here has received his instructions. and is this moment negociating with the proper authorities. 1804, The above duties are on iron imported in British ships; those on iron imported in foreign ships are somewhat higher. By virtue of the Reciprocity Treaty, however, the duty on iron imported in Swedish ships, is reduced to the above rates; but iron imported in Russian ships pays the high duty, as before. The duty, as you see, has been raised so gradually, that it is impossible to prove by facts in what way it has been detrimental; nor can the decline in the commerce between this country and Sweden be traced to this cause, since the restrictive system on the part of Sweden, the return of peace, and other things, have operated to produce the same effect. dolence, would speedily sink the fine arts into bar and insignificance. Why should a sculptor or pat labours of those at home? Be assured that the En journey to Athens or Rome? Might he not prof bra chisel falls not more short of the wonders of the Acr than the productions of modern pens fall short chaste and vigorous eloquence that resistlessly fue over Greece. Be fully assured that the greatest ad vated most diligently the examples of Athenian poetry and eloquence have been done by those wh lence. Among poets there is hardly any exceptiona rule, unless Shakespeare, an exception to all r taken; and Dante, familiarly acquainted with the works of his own country. But among the rates know not of an exception. Cicero so honoured the masters of eloquence, that he had not only rand Athens to finish his education there, but continur. practice for many years of declaiming in Greek, though he fell into a more corrupt manner and str "It now becomes me to return my sincere and respect- introduced by Asian fashions, yet he ever extal ful thanks for my election to an office which has been filled noble perfection of his first masters; and, even th by so many great men, whose merits might make any period of his life, he employed himself in tr comparison formidable even to a more worthy successor. from the Greek orators. From the immortal Whilst I desire you to accept of these thanks, excuse the Demosthenes on the Crown, he sometimes copie address and the form which I now adopt, which I think the very letter. And in the Roman orator maj better than any unpremeditated discourse, because my re- the passage in which Eschines describes the marks will more certainly appear to be the fruit of mature reserved for the guilty in a future state.-(See deliberation, and that I may not be supposed to discharge against Lucius Piso.) I have dwelt on the pr an important office in a perfunctory manner. I feel very Cicero, because it enables us to answer the questist sensibly if I urge you to be intent on the pursuit of learn- ther the study of Roman authors is not enough t ing, which flourishes under the kindly shelter of these our style? He either fell short in copying them, roofs, that I may weary my youthful audience, and if I led by admiration of embellishment, and adopting give my advice, I may seem to trespass on the province of false models of the Asian school, weakened his se those very able and learned persons under whose care you eloquence. We should not, by imitating the s have the happiness to be placed. But I would, nevertheless perfect original, copy his faults; for thus, to less, expose myself to the charge, for the sake of joining manding and noble beauty, we should prefer the my voice with theirs in entreating you to believe how in- of some gairish damsel, reflected from a mirror, wh comparably the present season is the most precious of your it distorts not the features, weakens the brilliancy of whole lives. This is not the less true, because it is often natural tints. But there are other reasons which inculcated on you, that the period of youth is by far the the same observations, grounded on the beauty and p best fitted for the improvement of the mind. In the re- of the Greek language. The compositions of Cien tirement of a college, you have an opportunity of laying quisite as they are for diction and style, are, neverthe the foundation of whatever is noble or excellent. Now so extremely oratorical, that nothing can be less ad every thing that has the attractive power of novelty to the genius of modern eloquence. Nearly all the attention is starpened by curiosity, and the memory is tions of Marcus Tullias are of this nature. Hardly susceptible of deep impressions, to a degree unknown in passages can be found which would bear to be rep We copy the following elegant and interesting oration from the London Courier; the editor of which, in some prefatory remarks, says, "We turn, however, with much pleasure (for we are always delighted to see great talents employed as they should be, to promote good, not evil,) from this consideration of Mr. Brougham's career, to another recent transaction, in which he appears to great advantage. We allude to the speech he delivered at Glasgow, upon his installation as Lord Rector of that University. Here, the politician and the pleader-the acrimony of the one-the sophistry of the other-were entirely laid aside, for the calm disquisitions of literature and philosophy." odern audience. Passages on the merits of the case, "Scilicet et tempus veniet cum finibus illis army, and brought all his power to bear on that alone, knowing that if he succeeded in this, all other things would follow, as natural consequences, while a failure in this left all else unimportant; so the Grecian orator dwells with all his collected energy on the most important argument. But modern writers resemble those campaigners, who fit out twenty expeditions against places of no importance; and which, if gained, leave the strong hold as yet unshaken, and even unattempted. They divide their forces, and make no sensible impression. It seems the principle of such writers never to leave any thing unsaid that can be said. They run down every idea which they start. Compare with these the mental severity of ancient eloquence; or of Milton, who approached near to it; or of Dante, who approached still nearer: mark his severe simplicity in the most touching parts of one of his odes.Here Mr. Brougham introduced a number of quotations.] Dante approaches nearest, in his finest passages, to Demosthenes. In him you rarely find an epithet; hardly more than one, and never more than two. In forming the taste by frequent contemplation of these models, and in acquiring the habits of chaste composition, all the labour will be amply recompensed. For the man who has done this may then venture his face in the public assembly. He will have acquired the power of easy speaking, as well as of easy writing. I should lay it down as a rule that the man will speak well who has written much with great care. Though some from natural talent may speak fluently and well, who can say that with preparation they would not have reached a greater height of excellence? The excellence of the ancients is the best proof of the principle here implied, for the evidences of their previous preparations are innumerable. In Demosthenes we can trace how nicely he polished his composition; this being clear from three passages in particular, delivered at different times, but in which the marks of improvement are visible. There is, no doubt, a charm in extempore speaking, derived from the non-appearance of art, and adapting itself to the occasion. That which is inspired by unforeseen circumstances will be suited to those circumstances. These are points of importance. It is difficult to avoid the exhausting method. Much of the pleasure of extempore speaking depends on the hearer's surprise, and on sentiments being delivered at all, than that any thing very excellent has been delivered. The art can easily be attained by him who well considers and matures his thought, and refines his composition. For such preparation is quite consistent with the introduca further reason is required, we may find it in the tion of passages suggested at the moment. Nor will the ⚫ diversity and importance of the subjects on which transition from one to another be perceptible. I have weak. Besides a number of orations merely forensic, known skilful hearers deceived in this way, who have taken ve all the subjects of state politics. Compare De- for extempore speaking that which previously existed in mes with Cicero in this respect, and the contrast will manuscript. Thus we are told by Cicero, that having to king. For this purpose, see the orations against make a speech to Pompey after Crassus, he greatly excele, and the Philippics. Of Demosthenes, we have led, being assisted by the remembrance and introduction ly many arguments on matters strictly private, and of passages which he had before prepared for different on other interesting topics; but many invaluable purposes. If now, from contemplating the means, we erations of state policy, as in the oration against turn to the noble purposes of eloquence, we find that the nes on the Crown, and the Philippics. In these he greatest masters of the art have concurred in this point, es every question of foreign politics. These speeches and pronounced one opinion on the use of this study. elivered on subjects the most important and affect- Let their sentiments be engraven on our memory. It is the whole commonwealth. These topics were of not the diction of the orator, nor the music of his voice, sal application. The Latin orator must keep a but his devotedness to the good of the mass of mankind, : course of argument; but the Athenian can hardly that determines the character of his mind. It is the best 30 lofty a tone, or carry his views too extensively over praise of the art, that it points out how sacred truth may ld of human freedom. After chastening the taste, it be most widely promulgated, the cause of persecuted ssary to acquire correct habits of writing in our own innocence best defended, the march of wicked rulers be ge: first, by original composition; and next, by fre- most triumphantly opposed, how defiance may be hurled translation. The best English writers are those which at the persecutor's head, how to guide men in the midst hed from the time of Elizabeth to that of Queen of public convulsions, and to bring about salutary chanThey used a good Saxon dialect, and were learned ges. In such circumstances how important and powerful ancient classics, without over-loading ths style of must eloquence be! But in peaceful times, when the prowith a pedantic coining of foreign words. These gress of events is slow, and the tumult can be heard no writers had no fore-knowledge that other writers longer, then, too, she flourishes protectress of liberty, patro₫ succeed them, whose styles should be meretri-ness of improvement, guardian of all the blessings that ly ornamented, more than half French in its can be showered on the mass of human kind, nor ever is 0, heavily inflated, measured by the eye, not she seen but in teaching some grand lesson to men. To d by the ear, with an endless profusion of ancient me, calmly revolving these things, such pursuits seem s and phrases, confusedly mixed with our own Saxon. more noble than any which the vulgar herd of base men t of all did they imagine that men would profess to lavish prodigally. To communicate useful information composition, who were ignorant of its rules. The to further intellectual refinement-to hasten the coming of chers of the Augustan age of the English Church are that bright day when the dawn of general knowledge shall ng the chief of these great writers. But do not ima- chase away the lazy mists, even from the base of the great that I would pass over numerous faults. None social pyramid-this is a high station to which man can ed force with beauty. And to one charge all are exposed be raised, and in which the most splendid talents may fault unknown in ancient times. They always over-well press onward to bear a part. I know that I speak in never knowing when they had said enough. Among a place consecrated by the pious wisdom of ancient times Greeks, a single phrase was used, often a word, and to the instruction of youth; yet from this classic ground ork was done. The desired impression is made by have gone forth those, who by their genius, not by their gle stroke. Nothing superficial is admitted. The ancestry, have been ennobled; and whose illustrious ading idea is singled out; and as the Emperor example has made the humblest emulous to climb the oleon selected one point in the centre of the adverse! arduous steeps, and enter these gates that are burning (Geor. I. 493-7.) with the sun. Where Black taught and Watt learned the principles of science, the grand experiment was made to administer to the highest intellectual cultivation that is compatible with the daily toils of man, and to promote a keen relish for the most sublime truths that belong equally to all classes of the human race. To the cultivation of the most important sciences, men of talents are pressing forward from every part of the empire. But I wish the same course to be pursued by men of higher station and weight, and by men of highest rank. Our object should be to extend the bounds of science, by the discovery of new truths, or by new modes of application. Thus the number of scientific men will be increased, and more Watts and Franklins will arise, and, appearing among these working classes to which Watt and Franklin once beloved, have their thoughts turned to philosophy. The inventors of new arts will be seen more numerous, and the material difference will be that the mass of the ignorant multitude being diminished, the body of the former will be increased. It surely can never be supposed that persons eminent for science and knowledge could be jealous of its general diffusion, for the extension of knowledge to the mass of the people could only augment the number of their admirers. To those who feel alarm, as statesinen and friends of social order, I would address a few words. The cultivation of science has never really promoted turbulence or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. He who dreads the light of truth cannot resist its power. For he may be well assured that the day is at length come which must put to flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution. As men will no longer suffer themselves to be led into darkness, so will they no more yield to the evil principle of judging their fellow-men, not according to the merits of their actions, but the articles of their creed. The great truth has gone forth into all the bounds of the earth, that man shall no more render account to man for his belief, over which he has himself no control. Henceforward nothing shall prevail on us to praise or to blame a man for that which he can no more change than he can the hue of his skin, or the height of his stature. Treating with respect those who differ from us, the only practical effect of the difference will be, to cause us to enlighten the ignorance from which it springs, by teaching them if they are wrong, by improving ourselves if we are right, that the only kind of contest may be to produce the agreement proceeding from full conviction after the fairest discussion. Then every fear for the universal spread of knowledge will be removed, and truth and virtue will watch over the peace of the country; the sure effect will be the removal of the only danger that threatens public tranquillity, and the confirmation of the liberties of our native land. For those tyrants who have shed the blood of mankind to extend their empire, and who instinctively hate the light, let them tremble. Let me then indulge in the hope that, among the illustrious youths who adorn this ancient college, famed for its useful learning, there may be found some one, I ask no more, willing to give a bright example to his nation, by taking the lead of his fellows, not in frivolous amusement, not in trifling studies-but in the truly noble task of enlightening the great mass of his countrymen; and of having his own name encircled with honours most worthy of our rational nature, and pronounced with rapture by millions whom his beneficence has raised from ignorance and vice. This is the true mark of all who prize the enjoyment of lasting happiness, or set a value on a high and unsullied renown. And if the benefactors of mankind, when they rest from their pious labours, shall be permitted hereafter to enjoy, as a reward, the privilege of looking down on the blessings with which their toils and sufferings have clothed the scenes of their former existence, do not vainly imagine that in a state of purity and wisdom it will be the founders of mighty dynasties, or the mean followers of tyrants, who have sacrificed to their own aggrandizement the good of countless multitudes, that will be thus gratified. Theirs will be the praise and the triumph, who can trace the effects of their beneficence in the improved condition of their species, and exult in the reflection, that by their deeds joy beamed from the eyes of the sorrowful. The lovers of truth and virtue, trampling under foot tyranny, and driving ignorance from the world, shall reap the precious, though costly fruit of their labours, a recompense for long enduring all the hardships and hazards they encountered here below.―(Great cheering.) Miscellanics. A letter going through the post-office of a neighbouring town, a few days ago, directed for Mr. Dia son, the postmaster on delivering it to the carrier dryly observed, "it was for Mr. Dixon, but that there was an excess (XS in spelling the name." |