CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

CHAPTER I.

AMERICA CLAIMS LEGISLATIVE INDEPENDENCE OF ENGLAND. PELHAM'S

ADMINISTRATION. 1748.

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The Approach of Revolution, p. 3- The Unity of the Human Race, 5 — Its

Progress, 8 History records that Progress, 9 - The American Revolution, 10

-Its Character and Extent, 12- Relation of the Thirteen Colonies to the

Metropolis, 13- The Duke of Newcastle as Colonial Minister, 14- He retires,

16 Succeeded by the Duke of Bedford, 16.

CHAPTER II.

THE ROYAL GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK APPEALS TO THE PARAMOUNT POWER

OF GREAT BRITAIN. PELHAM'S ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED. 1748-

1749.

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Congress at Albany in 1748, p. 18 Plans of Clinton and Colden, 18, 19

The Massachusetts Delegation to the Congress, 19 - Shirley, 19— - Oliver and

Hutchinson, 20 Treaties with the Six Nations and the Miamis, 21 - Oliver

and Hutchinson propose the Interposition of the King to provide an American

Fund, 21-Boundary claimed by the French, 22— Indian Mission and Village

at Ogdensburg, 22 - Shirley and Clinton advise Coercion of the Colonies by

Parliament, 23-Murray the Principal Adviser, 24 - Clinton resolves to compel

the Interposition of Parliament, 24 - Spirited Resistance of the New York As-

sembly, 25 Halifax becomes Head of the Board of Trade, 25 - He finds

France encroaching in America, 26 And the Colonies tending towards Inde-

pendence, 26 South Carolina, 26-North Carolina, 26--Virginia, 26 — Penn-

sylvania, 27-New England, 27-New Jersey, 28 - Halifax seeks to confine

France by planting a New Colony in the Ohio Valley, 28 - The French take

Measures to prevent it, 29 Their Claims in Acadia, 30 - Halifax plants a

British Colony in Nova Scotia, 31 — - The Acadians, 31- The Micmac Indians,

32-The Lords of Trade go to Parliament for Absolute Power, 33 - Protest of

the Colonies, 33- Massachusetts becomes a Hard-money Colony, 34 - Further

Intrigues of the Crown Officers in America, 34 — Firmness of the Representa-

tives of New York, 35-Charles Townshend enters the Board of Trade, 36—

The Colonies develop a Life of their own, 37.

CHAPTER III.

THE EXPLORATION OF OHIO. PELHAM'S ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED.

The Ministry resolve on a New System of Colonial Administration, p. 38.

Zeal of Halifax and Bedford, 38- Incessant Importunities of Crown Officers in

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America, 39-Stamp-Tax proposed, 39- Spirit of New England, 40 — Jonathan

Mayhew, 40-The British Ministry persevere, 42- New Developments of the

Commercial System, 42- The Slave-Trade, 42- Restrictions on American

Manufactures, 42- The Policy unwise, 43- Prophecy of Turgot, 44 — Divi-

sions in the Cabinet, 44 - The French and English in Nova Scotia, 45- Halifax

and Bedford disagree, 46 - Newcastle against Bedford, 46 - The English take

Chiegnecto, 47- British and French Commissioners, 48 - A French Brigantine

seized, 48-Vermont, 48 - The Ohio Valley, 49 - Explored by Gist, 50 — The

Richness of its Lands, 51-Council at Picqua, 51- Message to the English, 53

- To the French, 53- Gist returns, 54- - Second Journey of Croghan, 54.

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CHAPTER IV.

AMERICA REFUSES TO BE RULED BY ARBITRARY INSTRUCTIONS.

ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED. 1751-1753.

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PELHAM'S

Lords of Trade renew their Design, p. 55 Calendar regulated, 56 - Plan for

an American Civil List, 56- Postponed by Division in the Cabinet, 57 - Colo-

nies left to protect themselves, 57 - Zeal of the French, 58-Plan of Union of

the Americans, 59 - New Powers of the Board of Trade, 60- Relations with

France in America, 60- The French begin Hostilities, 61 - Council at Shaw-

nee Town, 61 Dinwiddie's Report, 62 State of England, 63 - Measures of

the Board of Trade, 64-Discontent of the Western Indians, 65 - Decision

of the King, 65-The Board busy in attempting to reduce New York, 65–

They fail, 66.

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CHAPTER V.

FRANKLIN PLANS UNION FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

TRATION CONTINUED. 1753-1754.

PELHAM'S ADMINIS-

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Progress of the French at the West, p. 68-Protest of the Indians, 69

Washington's Mission to Fort Le Bœuf, 69 — - The First Fort at Pittsburg, 72-

Measures of the Colonies, 73- - Plans for Taxes by Parliament, 73 - Washing-

ton marches towards the Ohio, 75- The French at Pittsburg, 75-Combat with

Jumonville, 76-The Affair at Great Meadows, 76-Congress at Albany, 78–

Treaty with the Six Nations, 79- Franklin's Plan of Union, 80- Franklin

advises colonizing the West, 81.

CHAPTER VI.

THE OLD THIRTEEN COLONIES. — NEWCASTLE'S ADMINISTRATION. 1754.

The American Colonies, p. 83-Their Population, 83- White, 84 - Black, 84

- Georgia, 84 - South Carolina, 85- North Carolina, 86-Virginia, 86- Mary-

land, 89-Pennsylvania and Delaware, 90-New Jersey, 92-New York, 94-

New England, 96-Its Traditions, 101-Its Creed, 102.

CHAPTER VII.

THE MINISTERS ARE ADVISED TO TAX AMERICA BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT.

NEWCASTLE'S ADMINISTRATION. 1754-1755.

Newcastle First Minister, p. 105-Commons impatient of their Subordination

to the Lords, 106-State of the Whig Party, 107 - Policy towards New York,

108-Plan of American Union by Halifax, 109 - Parliament invoked to tax

America, 109 Grant of Lands in the Great Western Valley, 109- Progress of

Affairs with France, 110-Duke of Cumberland, 110-Braddock appointed

General in America, 111-Mutiny Act, 111-Regulation of Quotas, 112-

Shirley's Plans, 112- Franklin's Opinions of them, 112- Shirley on Franklin,

113-Want of Concert among the Colonies, 114-Discussions with France, 114

-Braddock and Five Governors recommend Taxation of America by Parlia-

ment, 116-Taxation advocated, 116-Right of America to Independence, 118.

CHAPTER VIII.

ENGLAND AND FRANCE CONTEND FOR THE OHIO VALLEY AND FOR ACADIA.

NEWCASTLE'S ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED. 1755.

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Plan for 1755, p. 119 - Howe captures the "Alcide" and the "Lys," 120-

Braddock advances slowly, 121 - The Ninth of July, 122-The Battle, 123-

The Defeat, 125-Death of Braddock, 125-General Consternation, 126 - Peace

among the Southern Indians, 126 - The Acadians, 127 — Their Disaffection, 127

-They are disarmed, 129- The English take Beau Séjour, 130 - The Removal

of the Acadians projected, 130 Approved of by Belcher, 132 - Effected, 133

-Their Sufferings, 134.

CHAPTER IX.

GREAT BRITAIN UNITES AMERICA UNDER MILITARY RULE.

NEWCASTLE'S

ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED.

1755-1756.

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American Army at Lake George, p. 137 — Dieskau's Approach, 138 - The

Battle, 139 Shirley fails to reach Niagara, 141 — His Opinion on Indepen-

dence, 141-Musings of John Adams, 142 - French Ships seized, 144 - England

urges Russia to supervise Germany, 144-Pitt opposes, 145-Soame Jenyns

and Rigby become Lords of Trade, 146-Plans for 1756, 146-Shirley proposes

to the Ministry a Stamp Duty for America, 147- Washington's Self-sacrificing

Spirit, 147 Affairs of Pennsylvania, 148- Supremacy of the Military in

America, 149-Appointment of Loudoun as Commander in Chief, 151 - For-

eign Officers employed, 152 - Cumberland thought of as King, 153.

CHAPTER X.

THE WHIG ARISTOCRACY CANNOT GOVERN ENGLAND.

ADMINISTRATION CONTINUED. 1755-1756.

NEWCASTLE'S

Declaration of War against France, p. 154 - Rule of '56, 155 - Delay in Prepa-
rations for War, 155 Washington neglected, 156 — Soldiers billeted in Private

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Houses, 156-Capture of Oswego by Montcalm, 157 - Loudoun uses his Army

only against the Americans, 159 — Affair of Kittaning, 159 - Colony on the

Santilla, 160-Intrigues in the English Court, 161-Pitt forms a Ministry with-

out Newcastle, 163-Pitt protects American Liberty, 164-Is dismissed, 165.

CHAPTER XI.

THE WHIG ARISTOCRACY CANNOT CONQUER CANADA. ANARCHY IN THE

ADMINISTRATION. 1757.

Adventures near Lake George, p. 166-Congress at Philadelphia, 167 - State

of Pennsylvania, 167 Franklin its Agent, 168 - Summer wasted in America,

169- Prince George takes an Interest in the Colonies, 169-Siege of Fort Wil-

liam Henry, 171— Its Surrender, 175 - The Massacre, 175- Pusillanimity of

the British Officers, 176 - General Discontent, 176-The Result, 176 - The

Aristocracy cannot rule without the People, 177.

CHAPTER XII.

THE NEW PROTESTANT POWERS AGAINST THE CATHOLIC POWERS OF THE

MIDDLE AGE. WILLIAM PITT'S MINISTRY.

No one dares take Pitt's place, p. 178-He forms a Ministry with Newcastle,

179-
The Man of the People, 180 - The Great Question, 181 - The Catholic

Powers, 182- Frederic of Prussia, 182-State of France, 183 - The New Alli-

ances, 184 Frederic invades Bohemia, 184-His Defeat at Colin, 185-His

Retreat and Reverses, 185- Battle of Rossbach, 187 - New Reverses in Silesia,

187 Battle of Leuthen, 188- Prussia saved, 190.

CHAPTER XIII.

CONQUEST OF THE VALLEY OF THE WEST.

WILLIAM PITT'S MINISTRY

CONTINUED. 1757-1758.

Pitt plans the Conquest of French America, p. 191- Self-imposed Taxes of

Massachusetts, 192- Sufferings of the Canadians, 192— Amherst and Wolfe

sent to America, 193-Siege of Louisburg, 194-Its Capture, 195 - Gathering

of Troops at Lake George, 196-They embark for Ticonderoga, 197 — Death

of Lord Howe, 198― Abercrombie defeated by Montcalm, 200 - The Retreat,

201-Skirmishes, 201—Bradstreet takes Oswego, 202 - Expedition to the

West, 202-Defeat of Grant, 205- Washington in Command of the Advance

Party, 205-His Success, 206-The Naming of Pittsburg, 206-Honors con-

ferred on Washington, 208.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE CONQUEST OF CANADA.

PITT'S MINISTRY CONTINUED. 1759.

Plans for 1759, p. 210-Successes of England, 210-Lord George Sackville,

211--Spirit of America, 212-Niagara taken, 213-Inactivity of Gage, 214-