after a weak attempt to repulfe the infantry, who furrounded 1704. them, capitulated about eight in the evening, laid down their arms, delivered their colours and standards, and furrendered themfelves prifoners of war, on condition that the officers fhould not be searched. This defeat coft the enemy, by their own accounts in feveral intercepted letters, forty thousand men, in which number they included four or five thoufand loft in their precipitate retreat to the Black Foreft, either by defertion, or the purfuit of the huffars or peafants, who made a great flaughter of the ftragglers. This computation does not seem improbable, confidering the number of prifoners taken, which exceeded thirteen thoufand, of whom above one thousand two hundred were officers; that ten French battalions on their right were cut in pieces, and above thirty fquadrons of horfe and dragoons forced into the Danube, moft of whom were drowned: That their left wing fuffered very much, especially the foot: That befides ninety-five officers, who were found at Hochftet, Dillengen and Lavingen; and that the number of the wounded, whom they brought off from Ulm, were above feven thousand men: The confederates gained above one hundred pieces of cannon, twenty-four mortars, one hundred and twenty-nine colours, one hundred and feventy-one ftandards, feventeen pair of kettledrums, three thoufand fix hundred tents, thirty-four coaches, three hundred laden mules, two bridges of boats, fifteen pontons, twenty-four barrels and eight cafks of filver. But this fuccefs coft them four thousand four hundred and eightyfive men killed, feven thousand five hundred and twenty-five wounded, and two hundred and feventy-three left or made prifoners. The emperor made great acknowledgments to the duke of The duke Marlborough for this fignal fervice, and offered to make of Marlhim a prince of the empire, which the duke faid he could borough not decently accept of, till he knew the queen's pleafure ; made and, upon her confenting to it, he was created a prince of prince of the empire, and about a year after, Mindelheim was affigned the m him for his principality. pire. The fuccefs of the battle having entirely changed the face of affairs in the empire, and faved the house of Auftria from ruin, the duke of Marlborough, being willing to lofe no time, and judging it more advantageous for the common caufe to jon all the confederate forces together, to ftraiten the enemy as much as poffible, and oblige them to abandon Germany, and repafs the Rhine, fent an exprefs to prince C 3 Lewis Brodrick. Aug. 16, 1704. Lewis of Baden, to leave the fiege of Ingoldftadt, and rejoin the army with the forces under his command; confidering, that not only that city, but the whole country of Bavaria, muft fall of courfe into the emperor's hands. The duke's and prince Eugene's opinion was confirmed by the example of the city of Augsburg, which the French abandoned, carrying with them four hoftages, as a fecurity for two thoufand fick and wounded men, whom they left in that place. The magiftrates being affembled immediately after, fent four deputies to the duke of Marlborough to defire his protection; who anfwered them, that they had nothing to fear from the troops of her Britannic majefty and the States-General, which were only fent against the enemies of the empire and their allies. And thereupon he ordered a detachment to march, and take poffeffion of that important place. Soon after marshal de Tallard, with the prisoners of diftinction, were fent towards Hanau and Francfort under a guard of dragoons, and the other prifoners were fent into the adjacent places. On the 21st of Auguft, the duke encamped at Sefellingen, within half a league of Ulm; and the next day the governor of Ulm, who apprehended a fiege, fent out of the town four hundred and thirty prifoners, which the enemy had taken at Hochftet, Dillengen, and other places, with a compliment to the duke, that he would be pleased to take an opportunity to return an equal number; and, thofe perfons being Germans, the duke fent them to prince Eugene. On the 25th, the duke, prince Eugene, and prince Lewis of Baden had a long conference, wherein they concerted the further operations of the campaign; and it was refolved, that, feeing the enemy were returning towards the Rhine, all the confederate forces fhould likewife march that way, except twenty-three battalions and fome fquadrons, which should be left under the command of general Thungen to carry on the fiege of Ulm. In purfuance whereof, the confederate troops began their march from the neighbourhood of Ulm, on the 20th of Auguft, by different roads, to the general rendezvous of the army which was appointed to be at Brufchal near Philipsburgh. From that day the confederate army was in motion till the 9th of September, when a party of imperial horfe, having met fome fquadrons of the enemy, commanded by the duke de Montfort, a major-general, who had been conducting four battalions and a fum of money into Landau, fell upon them with great vigour, and routed them, Killing above one hundred upon the fpot, taking several prifoners, 1704. prifoners, and mortally wounding their commander. On the 12th, prince Lewis of Baden marched towards Landau, with the troops appointed to befiege that place; and the duke of Marlborough, with prince Eugene, came to the camp of Croon Weiffenburgh, in order to cover the fiege. The fame night, the duke received an exprefs from general Thungen, importing, that, having formed the fiege of Ulm, and received his great Artillery, the garrifon beat a parley the 10th, and the next day furrendered that place upon honourable terms; which he was willing to grant, that no time might be loft for the further execution of the projects. of this campaign. The imperialifts found in Ulm two hundred and twenty-two pieces of brafs cannon, twenty-five brafs mortars, one thoufand two hundred barrels of powder, with a confiderable quantity of provifions, which were feafonably applied to the carrying on the fiege of Landau, which prince Lewis of Baden infifted on, as neceflary to fe- The fiege cure the circles, Suabia in particular, from the excurfions of Lanof that garrifon. This was popular in Germany, and, tho' dau. the duke did not approve it, he did not oppofe it with all the authority, that his great fuccefs gave him. This was univerfally blamed, for, while France was in the confternation, which their late great lofs brought them under, a more vigorous proceeding was like to have greater effects; and, befides that the imperial army was ill-provided, the great charge of a fiege was above their ftrength. Prince Lewis fuffered much in his reputation for this undertaking: It was that which the French wifhed for, and therefore it was fufpected, that fome fecret practice had prevailed on that prince to propose it. It is certain, that he was jealous of the glory which the duke of Marlborough had obtained, and in which himself had no fhare; and it was believed, that if he had not gone to besiege Ingoldftadt, the battle of Hochftet had never been fought. He was indeed fo fierce a bigot in his religion, that he could not bear the fucceffes of those whom he called heretics, and the exaltation which he thought herefy might have upon it (1.) While the duke of Marlborough lay covering the fiege, marfhal de Villeroy, (1) Dr. Hare, in his Second Letter to a Tory-Member concerning the Management of the War, p. 12. 3d Edit. gives us this account of the duke's own defigns in this campaign: "Fian C 4 with 1704. with his army came and looked on him; but as the foldiers of the confederates were exalted with their fuccefs, fo the French were too much difpirited with their loffes to make any attack, or to put any thing to hazard, in order to raise the fiege. They retired back, and went into quarters, and trufted to the bad ftate of the imperial army, who were ill-provided and ill-fupplied. The garrifon made as vigorous a defence, and drew out the ficge to as great a length, as could be expected. Prince Lewis had neither engineers, campaigns driven the French "from Nimeguen to Namur, "and had fet the Dutch at eafe "by the reduction of Guelder "and Limburg, and cleared the "Rhine by taking Bonne. he "did not the third year content raged the elector to break off "the treaty he had entered "into, and the fword had de"cided the fate of his country, "what part did the duke of himfelf with walking up and key of Bavaria; and, had 66 Marlborough take next? Not "that of returning to Flanders. "No, he improved the rest of "that wonderful campaign to "facilitate the operations of the "next, in a part where France might be more cafily attack"ed. He paffed the Rhine before the end of Auguft, "and made, or rather fubmitted "to the making the fiege of "Landau by prince Lewis, "while he covered it: And, "that the unexpected length of "the fiege might not break his " defign, without waiting for "the end of it, he advanced "with a body of troops to the "Saar, furprized Treves, and "potefied himself of other pro gineers, nor ammunition, and wanted money to provide 1704. them; fo that, if the duke had not supplied him, he muft have been forced to give it over. The king of the Romans came again, to have the honour of taking the place: But his behaviour there did not ferve to raise his character; for he was not often in the places of danger, and was content to look on at a great and fafe diftance. He was likewise conftantly befet with priefts, and fuch a face of fuperftition and bigotry appeared about him, that it very much damped the hopes that were given of him. However, on the 23d of November, the befiegers having lodged themselves on the counterfcarps both on the right and left, and fufficient breaches being opened, the next morning the neceffary difpofitions were made for a general affault, and five thousand men were commanded upon that fervice. The befieged, being therefore reduced to this extremity, were obliged to beat a parley between ten and eleven o'clock, whereupon Landau hoftages were exchanged, and the capitulation figned the furrenfame day, confifting of twenty-eight articles, which were ders. in effect much the fame as thofe granted by the Imperialists to monfieur de Melac two years before, and by the French to the count de Frize the preceding campaign. On the 26th, the befieged marched out of Landau to the number of three thousand four hundred, who furvived out of seven thousand men, of whom the garrifon confifted at the beginning of the fiege. The king of the Romans, having entered the place, found it reduced to a heap of rubbish, and having given the command of it to the count de Frize, who had before maintained that poft with great courage and ability, his majefty fet out for Vienna, having ordered prince Eugene to fettle the affairs of Bavaria, and left to prince Lewis of Baden the difpofition of the forces on the Rhine. The confederates, omitting nothing that might advance Traerthe glory, which they had already acquired in Bavaria, re bach befolved to profecute the fiege of Traerbach. To which end, fieged, the duke of Marlborough marched towards the Mofelle with and fura confiderable army, which he left under the command of rendered. the hereditary prince of Heffe-Caffel, as alfo the direction. of the attacks of that place. The caftle was invested in the beginning of November, and the approaches were carried with fuch fuccefs, that, on the 21ft, the befiegers attempted to ftorm it. But as they were climbing up the eminences (the rock, on which that fortrefs is built, proving very fteep, and the weather exceedingly ftormy) the garrifon made fo vigorous a defence, that the affailants were obliged |